The Routledge Companion to Biology in Art and Architecture

Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Contributors
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
	Biology in Art and Architecture: The Full Spectrum of Biocreativity
	Why Biology in Art and Architecture Now? Epigenesis, Redundancy, Return
	Becoming Biological
	Queering Binaries, Going Full Spectrum
	Notes
	References
Part I Biologies and Architectural Histories
	1 The Biocentric Bauhaus
		The Standard Narrative
		The Biocentric Discourse Intersection
		The Austro-Hungarian
		The Bauhaus in the Current of Ideas
		The Belgian and the Prussian
		The Swiss
		The Hungarian
		The Bohemian and the Hungarian
		Two Hungarians
		A German Student
		A Würtemburger
		Another Swiss … and a Russian
		Yet Another Swiss, this time a Communist
		And Yet Another Hungarian
		And Finally, a Rhinelander
		All Three Directors
		Notes
		References
	2 Biology in Architecture: The Goetheanum Case Study
		Rudolf Steiner’s Philosophical Modernism
		The Goetheanum and Anthroposophy
		Building the Goetheanum
		The Goetheanum Chronicles
		The Bio-Impulse of the Goetheanum
		Notes
		References
	3 Birds of a Feather: Habit, Habituate, Habitat, Habitivity
		Habit
		Habituate
		Habitat
		Habitivity
		Notes
		References
	4 The Dwelling–Garden Dyad in Twentieth-Century Affordable Housing
		New Frankfurt: Large-Scale Affordable Housing in a Model District
			Influence of the “Garden City” Movement on New Frankfurt
			Standardized Houses and Allotment Gardens
			The “Right to Green“
			Closing the Loop between Gardens and Dwellings
			The Frankfurt Kitchen and the Garden Shed: Optimizing Functional and Social Dynamics
		Tompkinsville, Nova Scotia: Small-Scale Affordable Housing in a Co-Operative Community
			Garden City Ideals in a Canadian Context
			Adapting to a Scarcity of Resources
			“Ideas Have Hands and Feet”
			Designing Co-operatively but Personalizing Each House to Suit the Needs of the Family
			Common Arable Land
		Unité d’habitation, Marseille: Medium-Scale Affordable Housing in a Vertical Garden City
			Marseille: Where Everything Is Possible
			The Influence of the Garden City Movement on Le Corbusier
			A Vertical Garden City as a Prototype
			Social Programming
			Building for a Utopian Community
			The Kitchen Modulates Flows between the Dwelling and the Community
			The Loggias Create Communion with Nature
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	5 Ouroboros Architecture
		Space Ecology and the Environmental Debate
		Ian McHarg’s Fitting of Spaceship Earth
		Fitting Local Space Arks for Human Survival
		The Capsule Syndrome in Ecological Architecture
		The Closed World of Ecological Architecture
		Notes
		References
	6 Architectures of Aliveness: Building Beyond Gravity
		Biotechnology: A Non-Progressivist Inquiry
		On the Divergence of Nature and Technology
		Health: From Mechanical Division to Experiential Vision
		Biotechnique: An Inquiry into the (Non)Space of Health
		The Endless House: From Endless Space to Weightless Movement
		Life in the International Space Station: Space Orientation in Circulation
		Building Beyond Gravity: Lose Ground, Make Space
		Notes
		References
		Electronic Resources
		Interview
	7 The Gene in Context: Complex Biological Systems as a Model for Generative Architecture
		Origins of an Evolutionary Architecture
		LabStudio’s Research and “Post-Darwinian” Complex Biological Systems
		Architectural “Evolution”?
		Notes
		References
Part II Biologies and Architectural Theories and Practices
	8 Bio City Map and Plug-In Ecology
		Acknowledgments
			Credits
			Research Fellows
			Consultants
		Notes
		References
	9 Epiphyte Chamber: Responsive Architecture and Dissipative Design
		Notes
		References
	10 Architecture and Living Matter(s): From Art/Architectural Installations to Metabolic Aesthetics
		Metabolic Architecture from the Transformations of Plants
		Transformations via Edible Matter: Food and Structure
		Immaterial Transformations: Kinesis as a Form of Metabolism
		Trash Transformations: Decomposition as Metabolism
		Conclusion: A Preliminary Glossary of Terms
		Glossary
			infrastructure
			laboratory experimentation
			modularity
			objectification
			participation
			temporality
			the vernacular
		Notes
		References
	11 Morphogenesis and Design: Thinking through Analogs
		Introduction
		The Subtle Relationships between Morphogenesis and Design
		Epigenetic Landscapes as Dynamical Systems
		The “Imaginary Organism,” or the Imagination of Forms
		Conclusion
		Addendum: Design Studio
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
	12 Microecologies of the Built Environment
		Micro-Organisms and Microbiomes
		Towards a Microecology of Architecture
		Our Two Ecologies
		An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Design
		Notes
		References
	13 Your Rotten Future Will Be Great
		The Remarkable Properties of Fungi
		Why Louis Pasteur and In-Vitro Space Are So Important
		Stamets All the Way Down
		Edible Architecture Health Event
		Distractions on the Road to Mycotecture
		Even More Room at the Bottom
		Notes
		References
Part III Biologies and Art Histories
	14 The Epigenetic Landscape of Art and Science c. 1950
		Introduction
		Conrad Waddington’s Epigenetic Landscape
		The Coming of Pop Science: Art as a Means to Popularize Science
		Conclusion: Epigenetic Painting, Complexism, and the Holon
		Notes
		References
		Websites
		YouTube Video
	15 Mind Matrix: Situating Cognition in the Sculptural Grid
		Affordance
		Extension
		Attunement
		Entanglement
		Enmeshed
		Notes
		References
	16 Fantastic Voyage and Other Scales of Wonder
		Trapped by a Crisis of Scale
		Sensing Terrains
		Dark Skies
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	17 Animal Art (1987) and the Split Origins of Bioart
		The Inhumans
		Animalier Exhibitions and the Split Animal
		Animal Art (1987) at Steirischer Herbst in Graz
		Notes
		References
	18 “An Eccentric Kind of Teaching Machine”: The Ritual Spaces of Newton and Helen Mayer Harrison
		Notes
		References
	19 Underwater Music: Tuning Composition to the Sounds of Science
		Evoking, Invoking, Soaking
		Tacking between Field and Lab in Underwater Music: Submarine Noises and Whale Songs
		The Pool of Experiment: Cage and Neuhaus
		Conducting Transduction: Redolfi’s Musique Subaquatique
		Listening to the Sounds of Science: The Wet Sounds Festival
		Queering the Mermaid: Snapper, Oleson, Leber, Chesworth
		Return to the Sounded Sea: Winderen
		Dunn’s Chaos and the Emergent Mind of the Pond
		From the Cold War to Global Warming: Under Arctic Seas
		Notes
		References
		Musicography
	20 Racial Technologies in the Time of Black Cyborgnetic Consciousness
		Introduction
		Histories and Theories of Race and Technology
		A Technological Rereading of Nineteenth-Century Race Literature
		Previous Theorizations of Race as Technology
		The Black Cyborgnetic Body
		Notes
		References
Part IV Biologies and Art Theories and Practices
	21 Evolutionary Yarns in Seahorse Valley: Living Tissues, Wooly Textiles, Theoretical Biologies
		A Dip into Seahorse Valley
		The Contours of Craft: A Field Day at the LACMA
		“An Evolving Wooly Taxonomy”: A Dive into the Hyperbolic Crochet Coral Reef
		Life in the Making
		Notes
		References
	22 Vital Tissue Constructs
		Introduction
		The Early Developments
		Semi-Living ART
		Speculative Design and Architecture
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
		Patents
	23 Demonstrable Plasticity
		Renewable Plasticity
		Exhibiting Plasticity
		Notes
		References
	24 Investigating the Ethical and Practical Limits of Bioart
		Introduction
		“The Romantic Disease”
		“Trust Me, I’m an Artist”
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	25 From Materiality to Machines: Manufacturing the Organic and Hypotheses for Future Imaginings
		Revital Cohen & Tuur Van Balen
		Organic Objects
		Ethical, Biological, Political: John Craig Freeman and Heather Dewey-Hagborg
		Heather Dewey-Hagborg
		Laura Splan
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	26 The Sixth Element: DIY Cyborgs and the Hive Mind of Social Media
		The Artist and the Cockroach
		Notes
		References
	27 A Longing in Our Hearts: Interspecies Communication in Contemporary Art
		From the Sublime to the Ridiculous
		From the Ridiculous to the Taboo
		From the Taboo to the Heart of the Matter
		Gail Wight: Being Open
		Kathy High: Being Attentive
		Rachel Mayeri: Being Communicative
		Conclusion: From Awe to Emergence
		Notes
		References
	28 Self-Portrait of the Artist Meditating on Death: A Feminist Technoscience Reading of the Apparatus of Contemporary Neuroscience Experiments
		Introduction
		The Problem of “Inter” Disciplinary Collaboration
		Looking at Memento Mori with a “Period Eye”
		Neuro Memento Mori
		Minding Feminist Technoscience: Embodying New Materialism
		Neuroimaging History and Pioneer Rhetoric
		Data as Image: Representations, Truth and Allure
		Agential Realism and Seductive Neuroimages
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	29 Piper in the Woods: Men Becoming Trees
		Notes
		References
	30 Axioms on Art and Gene Action: Pathways to Expression
		That All Cultural and Individual Production Is Art
		That We Are Not Human
		That We, Our Species, Is Alive and Living Mortal Lives in a World with Other Living Nonhumans
		That Home Is Where the Hearth Is
		That Sensual Experience Is Deadly
		That There Is No Normal
		That Scientific Objectivism Is an Art Movement that Captures the Beauty of Anomic Relations
		That Genetic Modification Brings with it Practical Anxiety and Libidinal Attractions
		That Flesh Technology Is Not Predominantly Machinic
		That the Focus Is on Abundance
		That Joy and Pain Are Not Mutually Exclusive
		That Anthropocentrism Is Endemic
		That Bioart Often Intends to Demystify Biotechnology
		That Hands-On Biotechnology Often Intends to Re-Mystify Life
		Notes
		References
Index