The Role of GIS in COVID- 19 Management and Control

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor
Contributors
1 The Role of GIS in COVID-19 Management and Control
	1.1 Methods
	1.2 Results
	1.3 Conclusion
	References
2 Information Access as a Strategy to Overcome Health Inequities in the Context of COVID-19
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Information Access Is a Basic Human Right
		2.2.1 The Digital Divide
	2.3 Information Access as a Social Determinant of Health
	2.4 Dimensions of Literacy
		2.4.1 Information Literacy
		2.4.2 Health Literacy
		2.4.3 Media Literacy
		2.4.4 Digital Literacy and Digital Health Literacies
	2.5 Information and the Emergence of COVID-19
	2.6 Methodology
		2.6.1 Literature Review
		2.6.2 Which Information Strategies Have Been Developed to Facilitate Information Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
	2.7 What Are the Characteristics of Successful Health Information Access Projects?
	2.8 Conclusion
	References
3 Spatial Pattern of COVID-19 Positivity Rates in Indonesia During Local Restriction Phase: A Case Study of Jakarta and Surabaya City
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Policy and Spatial Pattern
	3.3 Spatial Pattern of COVID-19 Pandemic in DKI Jakarta and Surabaya City
	3.4 Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Policy Response in Jakarta and Surabaya
	3.5 The Progression of COVID-19 Spatial Patterns and Local Restriction Policy
	3.6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
4 Investigating Spatial Relationships of Age and Comorbidities On COVID-19 Spread Using Geographically Weighted Regression
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Ecological and Epidemiological Approaches to Disease Risk
	4.3 Application of Geographically Weighted Regression
	4.4 Spatialtemporal Patterns of COVID-19 in Response to Age and Comorbidities
	4.5 Discussion of Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 Spatiotemporal Patterns of COVID-19: A District-Level Analysis of Kerala, India, 2020–2021
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Literature Review
		5.2.1 Brief Overview of COVID-19 Scholarship—the Global Context and the Indian Context
		5.2.2 Empirical Coverage in COVID-19 Analysis
		5.2.3 Methodological Approaches to COVID-19 Analysis
	5.3 Research Design
		5.3.1 Study Area
		5.3.2 Data Sources, Scale of Analysis, and Methodological Steps
	5.4 Analyses and Findings
		5.4.1 COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Deaths: Spatial Patterns of Quarterly Trends
		5.4.2 Descriptive Analysis of Major Variables Across the Districts of Kerala
	5.5 Conclusions and Significance for Future Research
	References
6 The 2020 Hurricanes, Internal Displacements, and COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean Countries: Lessons Learned …
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 The Main Hurricanes in LAC in 2020
	6.3 Internal Displacements and the Epidemiology of the Pandemic in LAC in 2020
	6.4 Conclusions and Lessons Learned for Disaster Risk Reduction in LAC
	Notes
	References
7 Hot Spot Tracker: Detecting and Visualizing the Types of Spatiotemporal Hot Spots of COVID-19 in the United States
	7.1 Background
	7.2 Data and Methods
		7.2.1 Gi* Statistic
		7.2.2 Mann-Kendall Test
		7.2.3 Trend Classification
		7.2.4 System Implementation
	7.3 Results
		7.3.1 The Dashboard Interface
		7.3.2 Hot Spots Identified Across the United States
		7.3.3 Harris County Versus Dallas County, Texas, as a Test Case
	7.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
8 Lifestyle Effects On the Risk of Transmission of COVID-19 in the United States: Evaluation of Market Segmentation Systems
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Materials and Methods
		8.2.1 Data
			8.2.1.1 ESRI Tapestry Segmentation System
			8.2.1.2 COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates
		8.2.2 Statistical Methodology
	8.3 Results
		8.3.1 COVID-19 Spread in the United States
		8.3.2 High-Risk LifeModes
		8.3.3 Spatial Variation of High-Risk Life Modes
		8.3.4 Demographic Profile of High-Risk LifeModes
		8.3.5 Economic Profile of the High-Risk LifeModes
	8.4 Discussion
	8.5 Conclusions
	References
9 A Bibliometric Review of Research On the Role of GIS in COVID-19 Pandemic Control and Management: Science Mapping the …
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Relevant Literature
	9.3 Methods and Results: The Role of GIS in COVID-19 Pandemic Control and Management
		9.3.1 Bibliographic Collection
		9.3.2 Descriptive Analysis
		9.3.3 The Intellectual Structure of the Field—Co-Citation Analysis
		9.3.4 Conceptual Structure—Term Frequency and Co-Word Analysis
		9.3.5 Evolution and Dynamical Structure (Thematic Mapping)
		9.3.6 Social Structure
	9.4 Discussion and Limitations
		9.4.1 Discussion
		9.4.2 Limitations and Future Work
	References
10 The Use of Geographic Information Systems to Shape COVID-19 Policies Regarding Masking and Distancing With a Partially …
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Background
		10.2.1 Organizing a Regional COVID-19 Response
		10.2.2 GIS and Choropleth Maps
		10.2.3 Privacy of Health Information
		10.2.4 Health Disparities
	10.3 Facilitating Policy Making With GIS
		10.3.1 What Information Is Needed?
		10.3.2 Social and Policy Environment Around Introduction of the Maps
		10.3.3 Maps to Monitor and Address Health Disparities
		10.3.4 The Visual Aspects of the Maps
	10.4 Discussion
		10.4.1 Aspects of Interorganizational Communication of These Maps and Importance of a Dashboard in Disseminating …
		10.4.2 General Lessons Learned About the Use of and Process for Creating the Maps
		10.4.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Maps
		10.4.4 Toward Better Education and Work-Force Development
	10.5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
11 Using GIS to Map Women’s Health, Well-Being, and Economic Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Literature Review
	11.3 Data Sources and Methodology
	11.4 Analysis and Findings
		11.4.1 COVID-19’s Impact On Women’s Employment: A Case Study From Mexico
		11.4.2 Disruption in Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: The Case of Antenatal Care in Kenya
		11.4.3 COVID-19 Impact On Mental Health: Spatial Inequalities in Women’s Access to Mental Health Services in the ...
	11.5 Conclusion and Policy Implications
	Acknowledgments
	Disclaimer
	Notes
	References
12 The Effects of Lifestyle On COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: An Analysis of Market Segmentation
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States
	12.3 Materials and Methods
		12.3.1 Data
			12.3.1.1 An Introduction to ESRI Tapestry Segmentation
			12.3.1.2 COVID-19 Vaccination Rates
		12.3.2 Methods
			12.3.2.1 Temporal Analysis of High and Low Vaccine Uptake LifeModes
			12.3.2.2 Principal Component Analysis
			12.3.2.3 Logistic Regression Analysis
			12.3.2.4 Random Forest
	12.4 Results
		12.4.1 Temporal Analysis of High and Low Vaccine Uptake LifeModes
		12.4.2 Logistic Regression Analysis
		12.4.3 Random Forest Analysis
	12.5 Discussion
	12.6 Conclusions
	References
13 A Gendered Approach to Examining Pandemic-Induced Livelihood Crisis in the Informal Sector: The Case of Female Domestic …
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Literature Review
	13.3 Methodology
	13.4 Analysis and Findings
		13.4.1 Basic Overview of the Respondents
		13.4.2 Pandemic, Gender, and Livelihood
		13.4.3 Loss of Informal Livelihoods in India—the Plight of Domestic Workers
		13.4.4 Empirical Analysis of Household Surveys
			13.4.4.1 Livelihood Crisis Faced By the Domestic Workers of Titwala
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
Index