The Road To General Intelligence

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
AI Models and Methods in Automotive Manufacturing: A Systematic Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Theoretical Foundations
		2.1 Principles of the Automotive Industry
		2.2 AI in the Context of Automotive Manufacturing
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Systematic Literature Review
		3.2 Literature Identification and Evaluation
	4 Research Results
		4.1 General Results
		4.2 Current Models and Methods of AI in Automotive Manufacturing
		4.3 Contemporary Applications and Best Practices of AI in Automotive Manufacturing
		4.4 Issues and Problems
		4.5 Future Trends and Potential Innovations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Edge AI: Leveraging the Full Potential of Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Edge Artificial Intelligence
	3 Benefits of Edge AI
	4 Deep Learning
	5 Compression Techniques for Efficient Edge AI
		5.1 Compact DL Model Design
		5.2 Pruning
		5.3 Quantization
		5.4 Knowledge Distillation
		5.5 Adaptive Optimization Techniques
	6 Algorithm-Hardware Codesign
	7 Edge AI Hardware Platforms
	8 Edge AI Applications
	9 Challenges and Future Directions
	10 Conclusion
	References
Augmented Reality Technology: A Systematic Review on Gaming Strategy for Medication Adherence
	1 Introduction
	2 Evolution of Augmented Reality in Video Games
	3 Methodology
		3.1 AR in Gaming
		3.2 Impact of AR Games for Medication Adherence
		3.3 Elements of Gaming that Improves Adherence
	4 Promotion of Healthy Behaviors Through Gaming
	5 Challenges of Using AR
	6 Conclusion
		6.1 Theoretical Contributions
		6.2 Practical Consequences
		6.3 Limitations and Future Work
	References
A Systematic Review on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Knowledge Management Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
		2.2 Data Sources and Search Strategies
		2.3 Quality Assessment
	3 Results
		3.1 Common AI Techniques Used in the Analyzed Literature
		3.2 Relationship Between AI Techniques and KM Processes
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Monitoring Plant Growth in a Greenhouse Using IoT with the Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Internet of Things in Agriculture
		2.2 Automation and Monitoring of Greenhouse
		2.3 Greenhouse Automation
		2.4 Indoor Farming
		2.5 LED in Plant Growth
	3 System Architecture
		3.1 System Requirements
		3.2 System Hardware
		3.3 Website and Web Designing
		3.4 Experimental Design
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Sensor Efficiency
		4.2 Power Consumption of the Sub-system
		4.3 Microclimatic Variables Monitoring
		4.4 Generation of Local-IP Address
		4.5 Comparison of Sensor Readings
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
Predicting the Intention to Use Bitcoin: An Extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with Perceived Risk Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development
		2.1 Technology Acceptance Model
		2.2 Perceived Risk Theory
		2.3 Hypotheses
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Survey Design
		3.2 Sample
		3.3 Measures
		3.4 Data Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 Measurement Model
		4.2 Hypotheses
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
		5.1 Theoretical Implications
		5.2 Practical Implications
		5.3 Limitations and Future Research Directions
	Appendix: Constructs and Items
	References
Research Trends on the Role of Big Data in Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Type and Approach of the Research
		2.2 Search Equation
		2.3 Exclusion Criteria in the Research
	3 Results
	4 Practical Implications of the Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Importance of AI
		1.2 How Will AI Power the Cities in Future?
		1.3 AI Stats and Information
		1.4 Machine Learning and AI
		1.5 Deep Learning
		1.6 AI and Smart Cities
	2 Application Scenarios Where AI Might Have a Beneficial Influence on Smart Cities
		2.1 Managing Traffic
		2.2 Environment
		2.3 Optimization of Energy
		2.4 Public Transportation
		2.5 Management of Waste
	3 Recent Applications of AI
		3.1 Cameras for High-Tech Surveillance and Security
		3.2 Parking and Traffic Control System
		3.3 Control of Uncontrollable Flying Things
		3.4 Intelligence-Based System for Managing and Disposing of Waste
		3.5 Controlling and Organizing the Government and Making Plans
		3.6 Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced Helpers
		3.7 Machine Learning in the Classroom
		3.8 Assisting Teachers with Automated Office Work
		3.9 Putting Thoughtful Content Together
		3.10 Learning that Adapts to the Needs of the Person Learning
		3.11 AI Will Change Our Daily Lives
		3.12 AI in the Healthcare Field
		3.13 AI Is Being Used in Agriculture
		3.14 Games that Use AI
		3.15 AI Can Be Used in the Automotive Industry
		3.16 AI Can Be Used in Social Media to Help People
		3.17 AI Is Becoming More Common in Marketing
		3.18 Chatbots that Use AI
		3.19 AI Can Be Used in the Finance
	4 Challenges and Future Research Directions
		4.1 AI of Things (AIoT)
		4.2 The Ability of Tools and Technologies to Work Together
		4.3 Making Sure Your Privacy
		4.4 Making the System More Accurate
	5 Examples of AI
		5.1 Maps and How to Use Them
		5.2 Facial Expressions Can Be Read and Detected
		5.3 Autocorrection and Text Editors
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
The Relevance of Individuals’ Perceived Data Protection Level on Intention to Use Blockchain-Based Mobile Apps: An Experimental Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 An Overview of Blockchain Technologies
		2.2 Blockchain Technologies for Mobile App Development
		2.3 Blockchain Data Protection and Individuals’ Perceived Data Protection Level
		2.4 The Moderator Role of Individuals’ Need for Security
	3 Method
	4 Results
	5 General Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Exploring the Hidden Patterns in Maintenance Data to Predict Failures of Heavy Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 Descriptive Analysis
		4.2 Prediction Model Building
		4.3 Model Validation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	7 Research Implications
		7.1 Practical Implications
		7.2 Theoretical Implications
	References
11 Arabic Dialects Morphological Analyzers: A Survey
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Egyptian Dialect
		2.2 Levantine Dialect
		2.3 Gulf Dialects
		2.4 Yemeni Dialect
		2.5 Tunisian Dialect
		2.6 Algerian Dialect
		2.7 Summary
	3 ADMAs Synthesis
		3.1 Challenges
		3.2 Adopted Approaches
		3.3 Proposed Solutions
	4 Evaluation of ADMAs
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Perspectives
	References
12 The Large Annotated Corpus for the Arabic Language (LACAL)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Natural Language Processing and Annotated Corpora
	4 The Data Used in the Construction of Our Corpus
		4.1 Classification of Documents by Date
		4.2 The Classification of Documents by Field
	5 Preprocessing of Documents Before Creating Our Annotated Corpus
	6 Word Statistics in Our Corpus
		6.1 The Distribution of Words by Period
		6.2 The Distribution of Words by Field
	7 The Design of Our Large Annotated Corpus for Arabic Language
		7.1 The Different Tables of Our Annotated Corpus
		7.2 The Creation of the Annotated Corpus
	8 Conclusion
	References
13 Topic Modelling for Research Perception: Techniques, Processes and a Case Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Statement of the Problem
	2 Topic Modelling
		2.1 Approaches in Topic Modelling
		2.2 Techniques in Topic Modelling
		2.3 Generic Topic Modelling Process
		2.4 Current Research Trends in Topic Modelling
		2.5 Application of Topic Modelling
	3 A Case Study: Discovering Perception in e-Commerce Analytics Literature
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Pre-processing
		3.3 Topic Tuning and Applying LDA Algorithm
		3.4 Evaluating Topic Modelling Performance
		3.5 Interpreting Topic Modelling Results
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Practical Implication
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Survey on Crowdsourcing Applications in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Environmental
	3 Urban Life
	4 Transportation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Markov Switching Model for Driver Behavior Prediction: Use Cases on Smartphones
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Driver Behavior Models
		2.2 Driving Behavior Detection Using Smartphones
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Markov Switching Vector Auto-regressive Model
	4 Experimentation
		4.1 Car Following Data Set
		4.2 Data Collection
		4.3 Adopted Driving Behavior Model
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Results of Data Collected Using Smartphones
		5.2 Results of the Naturalistic Driving Data
		5.3 MSVAR Versus PrARX
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Understanding the Impact of the Ontology of Semantic Web in Knowledge Representation: A Systematic Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Definitions
		2.1 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
		2.2 Ontology
		2.3 Semantic Web and Ontology
	3 Problem Identification and Analysis
	4 Literature Review
	5 Methodology
		5.1 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
		5.2 Data Sources and Search Strategies
		5.3 Quality Assessment
	6 Results
	7 Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Telemedicine: Digital Communication Tool for Virtual Healthcare During Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Need of Telemedicine During Pandemic
		3.1 Virtual Consultations
		3.2 Tele-screening
		3.3 Use of Sensors
		3.4 Chatbots
	4 Telemedicine and COVID-19 Patients
		4.1 Initial Screening Tool
		4.2 Temperature Monitoring
		4.3 Surveillance and Dispersion of COVID-19 Information
		4.4 COVID-19 Patient Screening and Triage
		4.5 Diagnosis of Coronavirus
	5 Challenges Faced and Solutions Through Telemedicine
		5.1 Impact of COVID on Research Participants
		5.2 COVID-19 Impact on Outpatients in Hospitals
	6 Challenges
		6.1 Organizational/Service Provider Barriers
		6.2 Clinician Barriers
		6.3 Patient Barriers
	7 Conclusions
	References
Robotics and AI in Healthcare: A Systematic Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Identification and Analysis
		2.1 Research Questions
	3 Teamwork Collaboration
	4 Method
		4.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
		4.2 Data Sources and Search Strategies
		4.3 Quality Assessment
		4.4 Data Coding and Analysis
	5 Results
	6 Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix: Paper Quality
	References
Outlier Detection for Customs Post Clearance Audit Using Convex Space Representation
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Related Work
	4 Methodology
	5 Convex-Based Approach
		5.1 Space Representation
		5.2  Convex Space Representation
		5.3  Riskiness Identification
	6 Experiments and Discussion of Results
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Spatial Accessibility to Hospitals Based on GIS: An Empirical Study in Ardabil
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	5 Practical Implications and Theoretical Contributions
	References
Efficiency and Effectiveness of CRM Solutions in Public Sector: A Case Study from a Government Entity in Dubai
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Organization Performance and Service Quality
		2.2 CRM in Public Sector
		2.3 CRM Implementation Success Factors
		2.4 Customer Experience and Loyalty
	3 Method and Measurement
	4 Sample Selection Criteria
	5 Results and Analysis
		5.1 CRM Understand Customers
		5.2 CRM Can Solve Customers’ Issues
		5.3 CRM Improves Business Performance
		5.4 CRM Importance to Business
		5.5 CRM Usage of the Collected Data
		5.6 CRM Data Improves Business and Services
		5.7 CRM Data Validity and Accuracy
		5.8 CRM Overall Users’ Satisfactions
	6 Conclusion
	References