The Rise of Modern Japan

Contents
Preface 1
Introduction: The Meaning of Modem Japanese History 3
1 Traditional Attitudes 9
Hierarchy and Status Consciousness 10
Community and Social Harmony 14
Work and Achievement 17
Insularity and Provinciality 19
2 The Political Heritage 25
Emperor and Shogun 25
The Bakuhan System 28
The Web of Government 31
The Samurai Elite 34
3 Economic and Social Change 39
The C omme rcial Revolution 40
The Impact on the C ountryside 44
The Role of Government 48
Samurai Discontent and Social C riticism 51
4 The Fall of the Old Order 55
The Foreign Threat 56
The Opening of Japan 60
"Revere the Emperor and Expel the Barbarians" 66
The Meiji Restoration 69
5 Revolution from Above 73
The New Gove rnment 74
The Centralization of Power 76
The Agrarian Settlement 78
Conscription and the Fall of the Samurai 80
"Increasing Production and Promoting Industry " 83
"Civilization and Enlightenment" 87
6 Protest and Dissent 91
Peasant Riots and Samurai Rebellions 92
"Liberty and Popular Rights" 95
Toward Constitutional Government 99
Conservative C ounte rcurrents 102
7 The Tum Toward Stability 105
Retrenchment and Deflation 106
The Bureaucratic State 109
The Meiji C onstitution 113
Education and Indoctrination 116
8 The Rise of Imperialism 120
The Expansionist Impulse 121
Korea and the Sino-Japanese War 126
The Russo-J apanese War 129
Popular Imperialism 133
9 The Beginnings of Industrialization 136
The Changing Countryside 137
The Industrial Revolution 141
The Meiji Business Class 145
The New Middle Class 148
The Industrial Workers 150
10 The Rise of Party Government 154
The Struggle Against Clique Government 155
The Rise of the Seiyukai and the Expansion of Party Power 158
"Normal Constitutional Government" 162
Democracy , Socialism , and Dissent 166
11 Economic Growth and Social Change 173
Boom , Bust, and Stagnation 174
The Dual Structure 176
Urban Labor Unrest 179
The Ailing Countryside 182
Urbanization and Middle-Class Life 185
12 The Empire Between the Wars 189
The Continental Commitment 190
The China Problem 195
The Washington System 197
Army Discontent 201
13 Militarism and War 206
The Nationalist Reaction 206
The Sh5wa Restoration 210
The China Quagmire 214
Wartime Politics 219
14 The Pacific War 114
The Road to Pearl Harbor 224
War in the Pacific 228
The Home Front 232
The Surrender of Japan 235
15 Occupation, Reform, and Recovery 238
The American Role 239
Political Democratization 242
Social an d Economic Reform 245
Economics , Recovery , and Reaction 248
Independence and the "American Umb rella" 251
16 The Reluctant Giant 255
The "Economic Miracle" 256
The Politics of Confrontation 260
The Affluent Society 264
The Politics of Affluence 267
Epilogue: Japan in the 1970s 271
Notes 277
Further Reading 285
Index 291