The Responsibility of a Constitution for the Future: Contributions to the World Congress of the International Association of Constitutional Law in Johannesburg

Foreword
Introduction
Contents
General Reflections
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Constitutional Theory and Intergenerational Equity
	1 Introduction
	2 The Short-Termist Bias of Democratic Politics
	3 The Generational Paradox of Constitutional Democracy
	4 Between a Rock and a Hard Place
	5 A Way Out: Heightened Scrutiny and Beyond
	6 A Landmark Ruling on Intergenerational Equity
	References
Intergenerational Constitutional Regulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Constitution and Freedom
	3 New Social Needs and New Demands for Constitutional Regulation
	4 New Constitutional Ends and Constitutional Responsibility
	5 Constitutional Autonomy as a Response to Future Challenges
		Impartiality
		Accountability
		Transparency
		Deliberation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Specificity of Constitutional Norms Relating to the Protection of Future Generations on the Example of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland
	References
The Responsibility of Constitutionalism for the Future of the State and Society (Selected Issues)
	1 The Meaning of State Obligations in the Area of Human Rights
	2 The Importance of Implementation of Basic Principles and Constitutional Values
	3 Debates on the Shape of Constitutionalism
	4 Summary
	References
“A Pledge to Present and Future Generations”: The Preamble of the Estonian Constitution in the Protection of Fundamental Rights
	1 Intergenerational Solidarity as a Constitutional Principle
	2 Applications of the Principle of Intergenerational Solidarity
		Pension Reform at the Expense of Future Generations?
		Environment
	3 Empowering Future Generations
		Right to Vote for Future Generations
		Ensuring the Existence of Future Generations
	4 Conclusion
	References
Judicial Protection of the Rights of Future Generations in the Republic of Poland
	1 The Rights of Future Generations and Their Legal Recognition
	2 The Means of Protection of the Rights of Future Generations
	3 Role of Courts in the Protection of the Rights of Future Generations on the Example of the Republic of Poland
	References
Constitutional Conversations with the Past, Present, and Future
	References
Constitutions’ Responsibility for the Future: Present Practices and Perspectives, with Particular Reference to the Romanian Constitution
	1 Introduction
	2 The Romanian Constitution, a Constitution that is Difficult to Amend. The Identity Core
	3 The Constitutional Provisions—Windows Open Towards Future Generations
		General Aspects
		Connection to the International Sources of Protection of Human Rights
		New Rights and Safeguards. Access to Culture and the Right to a Healthy Environment
	4 The Constitutional Review, a Safeguard of the State’s Commitments Towards Future Generations
	5 Conclusions
	References
Specific Studies
Evolution of Constitutional Justice in Georgia as an Effective Remedy for the Protection of Fundamental Rights
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of Judiciary and Constitutional Review
	3 Concept of ‘Normative Content’ and Interrelation with the Ordinary Courts
	4 Jurisprudence Regarding the Constitutionality of Criminalisation (and the Proportionality of Sanctions) of the Consumption of Drugs
	5 Conclusion
	References
Historical Aspects of Formation and Development of Constitutional Law in the Kyrgyz Republic
Playing the “Constitutional Wild Card”—Future-Shaping by Central Banks
	1 The “Constitutional Restraint” Regarding Central Banks
	2 Purchase Programs as a Paradigmatic Shift of Powers
	3 The (De-)Stabilising Function of Central Banks
	4 New Green Bonds Strategies: Towards an Even Wilder Card?
	5 Criticism and Conclusions
	References
EU Climate Change and Energy Transition Law
	1 Introduction
	2 Specificity of Climate Change
		The Systemic Nature of Climate Change
		Specific Characteristics
	3 Climate Change and the Law
		Climate Change and Environmental Law
		Climate Legislation
		Energy Transition Legislation
	4 EU Energy Law and Climate Protection
		“Modern” EU Energy Law
		Energy Transition Legislation
		Confirmation of the Energy Transition Goal During the Energy Crisis
	5 Brief Assessment of the EU Energy Transition Legislation
	References
The Future Dimension of the German Basic Law—Constitutionally Justifiable Consequences for Social Security Law?
	1 Introduction
	2 A First Classification: An Inconsistent Picture
	3 The Interpretation and Function of Fundamental Rights as an Expression of an Intertemporal Dimension
		The Human Rights Content of the Constitution
		The Protective Effect of Fundamental Rights
		The Scope of Protection
		The Principle of Proportionality
	4 Conclusions Regarding the Social Insurance Systems
		The Actual Starting Situation
		Intergenerational Justice as an Intertemporal Constitutional Mandate in the Context of Social Insurance
	5 Conclusion
	References