The Religious Traditions of Japan 500-1600

Frontmatter
Contents
List of illustrations
Preface
Glossary of commonly used Buddhist terms
A note on dates
Abbreviations
Introduction
	Terminology
	Shintō
	Buddhism
	Preview
Part I The arrival of Buddhism and its effects (c.538–800)
	Chronology
	1 The introduction of Buddhism
		1.1 Gifts from Paekche
		1.2 Patronage at court
		1.3 The ‘Beetle-wing’ cabinet
	2 Creating a dynasty
		2.1 The problem of succession
		2.2 Native beliefs
		2.3 The Jingikan
		2.4 Inventing the past
	3 Buddhism and the early state
		3.1 The emergence of a religious organisation
		3.2 Sūtras to protect the state
		3.3 The Medicne King and the Pensive Prince
	4 Monuments at Nara
		4.1 Kōfukuji
		4.2 Tōdaiji
		4.3 The question of ordination
		4.4 Explaining anomalies
		4.5 Hachiman
		4.6 Twice a sovereign
		4.7 Buddhist scholarship
Part II From Saichō to the destruction of Tōdaiji (800–1180)
	Chronology
	5 The beginnings of a ‘Japanese’ Buddhism: Tendai
		5.1 The situation in 800
		5.2 Saichō
		5.3 The Tiantai tradition
		5.4 The Lotus sūtra
		5.5 The creation of Tendai
	6 The beginnings of a ‘Japanese’ Buddhism: Shingon
		6.1 Kūkai to China
		6.2 Fundamental characteristics of Tantric Buddhism
		6.3 Kūkai returns
		6.4 The creation of Shingon
		6.5 The Shingon tradition after the death of Kūkai
	7 Buddhism and the state in Heian Japan
		7.1 Tendai politics
		7.2 Tantrism triumphant
		7.3 Religious aspects of life at court
	8 Shrine and state in Heian Japan
		8.1 Kasuga
		8.2 Cataloguing the native gods
		8.3 The Ise and Kamo shrines
	9 The rise of devotionalism
		9.1 Turning to face west
		9.2 Amitābha’s vows
		9.3 Early Pure Land Buddhism
		9.4 Covenanting for salvation
		9.5 Visions of heaven and hell
	10 In a time of strife
		10.1 Prophecies of doom fulfilled
		10.2 Pilgrimages to Kumano
		10.3 Japanese monks in Song China
		10.4 The spread of tantric modes of thought
Part III From the destruction of Tōdaiji to the fall of Go-Daigo (1180–1330)
	Chronology
	11 For and against exclusive practice of the nenbutsu
		11.1 Hōnen
		11.2 Myōe
		11.3 Shinran
	12 Religious culture of the early ‘middle ages’
		12.1 Baking the cake
		12.2 Tōdaiji and Ise
		12.3 Of deer and monkeys
		12.4 A dream of swords and sheaths
	13 Chan Buddhism
		13.1 The early development of Chan
		13.2 Chan meditation techniques
		13.3 Chan after the end of the Tang
		13.4 Chan in the thirteenth century
	14 Zen Buddhism
		14.1 The beginnings of Zen in Japan
		14.2 Eihei Dōgen
		14.3 Official patronage
	15 Reform from within and without
		15.1 The Saidaiji community
		15.2 Dancing to salvation
		15.3 Worshipping the Lotus
	16 The emergence of Shintō
		16.1 Japan in 1280
		16.2 The maṇḍalisation of Japan
		16.3 Watarai Shintō
		16.4 New myths of origin
		16.5 The literal reading of metaphor
	17 Taking stock
		17.1 Buddhist historiography
		17.2 Metropolitan Zen
		17.3 Zen in the countryside
Part IV From the fall of Go-Daigo to the death of Nobunaga (1330–1582)
	Chronology
	18 Two rival courts
		18.1 Class as a factor
		18.2 Go-Daigo’s legacy
		18.3 Saving the souls of warriors
		18.4 The growth of Pure Land congregations
		18.5 The Lotus sects
	19 Muromachi Zen
		19.1 The five mountains
		19.2 ‘Those below the grove’
		19.3 Three men of Zen
	20 The end of the medieval
		20.1 Yoshida Shintō
		20.2 The rise of Honganji
		20.3 Playing with fire
		20.4 Jesuits
Appendices: Reading Shingon’s two maṇḍala
	The Diamond World maṇḍala
	The Womb World maṇḍala
	Maṇḍala in use
References
Index