The psychology of good and evil : why children, adults, and groups help and harm others

Content: Cover --
Contents --
Preface --
Acknowledgments --
PART I INTRODUCTION AND CORE CONCEPTS --
1 Good and Evil --
WHAT IS GOODNESS, WHAT IS EVIL? --
THE PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN, OR EVOLUTION OF, GOODNESS AND EVIL, AND THE ROLE OF BYSTANDERS --
THE POWER OF CIRCUMSTANCE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF WHO WE ARE --
HUMAN NATURE, GOODNESS, AND EVIL --
ARE GOOD AND EVIL CULTURALLY RELATIVE? --
GOOD AND EVIL AS OPPOSITES --
GOOD AND EVIL IN INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS --
SPIRITUALITY, GOODNESS, AND EVIL --
THEMES OF THIS BOOK: ORGANIZATION BY TOPICS --
Notes --
2 Studying the Pivotal Role of Bystanders --
STOPPING POLICE BRUTALITY --
THE PATH TO ATROCITY --
3 Studying and Promoting Altruism and Studying and Working to Prevent Genocide --
INTRODUCTION --
FROM SURVIVAL TO BECOMING A PSYCHOLOGIST --
FROM COMMUNIST HUNGARY TO THE UNITED STATES --
RESEARCH --
THE IMPACT OF THE HOLOCAUST ON ME --
WHERE AM I, AT THIS TIME IN MY LIFE? --
References --
4 Is Evil a Useful Concept for Psychologists and Others? --
References --
5 Basic Human Needs and Their Role in Altruism and Aggression --
BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS --
IDENTIFYING NEEDS: AN ANALYSIS OF GROUP VIOLENCE --
BASIC NEEDS: DEFINITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS --
FURTHER CONSEQUENCES OF THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC NEEDS --
References --
PART II THE ROOTS OF HELPING OTHER PEOPLE IN NEED IN CONTRAST TO PASSIVITY --
6 Helping a Distressed Person --
I. INTRODUCTION --
II. SOME RECENT RESEARCH ON HELPING BEHAVIOR --
III. MOTIVES FOR HELPING (AND NOT HELPING) OTHERS --
IV. THE SITUATION AND THE PERSON AS DETERMINANTS OF HELPING BEHAVIOR --
V. THE EFFECTS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STIMULUS FOR HELP AND OF SURROUNDING CONDITIONS ON HELPING BEHAVIOR --
VI. INFLUENCES THAT CONFLICT WITH HELPING: IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT RULES OF APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR --
VII. INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCES ON HELPING: THE EFFECT OF ANOTHER ONLOOKER DEFINING" THE STIMULUS AND THE APPROPRIATE" --
VIII. PERSONALITY, COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT PERMISSIBLE BEHAVIOR, AND HELPING UNDER LIFELIKE'' CONDITIONS --
IX. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS --
References --
7 Spontaneous (or Impulsive) Helping --
References --
8 Social and Prosocial Behavior --
SITUATIONAL AND PERSONAL INFLUENCES --
THE MEANING AND NATURE OF INTERACTION --
A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR --
OTHER PERSONALITY INFLUENCES --
DIMENSIONS OF SITUATIONS RELEVANT TO HELPING --
SUPPORTING RESEARCH --
References --
9 The Power to Help Others --
WHAT VALUES ARE MOST IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE WHO CONSISTENTLY HELP OTHERS? --
DO OTHER-ORIENTED VALUES PRODUCE HELPING? --
WHAT ARE TRULY OTHER-ORIENTED GOALS? --
DO SELF-ORIENTED GOALS AUTOMATICALLY MEAN LESS HELPING? --
HOW HELPING MAKES YOU FEEL GOOD --
HOW HEALTH AND WELL-BEING RELATE TO HELPING --
WHICH IS THE MORE HELPFUL SEX? --
THOSE HELPFUL THIRTYSOMETHINGS --
THE ROOTS OF HELPING: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? --
PART III HOW CHILDREN BECOME CARING AND HELPFUL RATHER THAN HOSTILE AND AGGRESSIVE --
10 The Origins of Caring, Helping, and Nonaggression --
CHILD REARING THAT PROMOTES CARING, HELPING, AND NONAGGRESSION --
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY AS A SYSTEM --
References --
11 Natural Socialization --
FOCUSING RESPONSIBILITY ON C.