The Proceedings of the 9th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering : Volume II

Contents
Committees
	Honorary Chairman
	Chairman
	Academic Committees
	Organizing Committees
Research on New SVPWM Control of PMSM Based on Two-Level Inverter
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of PMSM
	3 Principle of Vector Control
		3.1 Classical SVPWM DTC
		3.2 SVPWM Control System Based on TGI Technology
	4 Establishing of Simulation Model
	5 Analysis of Simulation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Overvoltage Protection of Thyristor in Bidirectional Hybrid Circuit Breaker
	1 Introduction
	2 Causes of Reverse Recovery Overvoltage
	3 Analysis of Influence Factors of Current Change
		3.1 Experimental Research on Influencing Factors of Current Variation
		3.2 Fitting Curve of Hyperbolic Secant Function at Current Decreasing Phase
	4 Overvoltage Protection Scheme
		4.1 RC Buffer Protection
		4.2 Varistor Protection
		4.3 RC Buffer Protection + Varistor Protection
	5 Verification of on–Off Characteristics of Thyristor Components in DC Breaking Process
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Treatment of Common Faults in OTN System Equipment
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Characteristics of the OTN Network
		2.2 User Experience Work
	3 Findings
		3.1 Establish a Complete Operation and Maintenance System
		3.2 Establish a Complete Operation and Maintenance Manual
		3.3 Establish Perfect Rules for Routine Maintenance
		3.4 Establish a Smooth Troubleshooting Process
	4 Research Validity
		4.1 Signal Loss Alarm
		4.2 ODU-LOFLOM Alarm
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Automatic Respirator Oil Level Reading Method Based on Instance Segmentation
	1 Introduction
	2 Improved Mask R-CNN
		2.1 Architecture
		2.2 Mask Score Calculation
		2.3 MaskIoU Regression Module
		2.4 Objective Function
	3 Implementation Details
		3.1 Feature Extraction Network
		3.2 Post Processing
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Training Configuration
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Topology of Medium Voltage DC Hybrid Current Limiter
	1 Introduction
	2 The Topology Principle of Hybrid Current Limiter
	3 Research on Hybrid Current Limiter Model
		3.1 Research on Component Model of Hybrid Current Limiter Topology
		3.2 Simulation of Hybrid Current Limiter Topology
	4 Influencing Factors of Current Limiting Characteristics
		4.1 The Effect of Current Limiting Resistance R on the Current Limiting
		4.2 The Effect of Rising Rate of Fault Current on the Current Limiting
		4.3 The Effect of Capacitance C on the Current Limiting
		4.4 The Effect of System Voltage on the Current Limiting
	5 Integrated Scheme of Hybrid Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker
	6 Conclusion
	References
Wind Farm Short-Term Power Prediction Based on Multiple Intelligent Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction Models with Multiple Intelligent Algorithms
		2.1 BP Neural Network Model
		2.2 Optimized Neural Network Model by CSO
		2.3 Optimized Neural Network Model by PSO
		2.4 Optimized Neural Network Model by WOA
		2.5 Entropy Method
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Algorithm and Simulation of Guided Electric Vehicle Routing Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Logistic Vehicle Routing Problem Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
	3 The Establishment of Guided Electric Logistics Vehicle Routing Problem
	4 Guided Logistics Vehicles Use Improved Artificial Potential Field Method to Avoid Obstacles
	5 Simulation and Analysis
		5.1 Comparison Between GEVRP Model and CVRP Model
		5.2 Calculation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Estimating Contrast of State of Health for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Accumulated Residual Energy
	1 Introduction
	2 SOH Definition
		2.1 Define SOHE Based on Energy
		2.2 Define SOHER Based on Energy
	3 Experimental Design
		3.1 Battery Platform Introduction
		3.2 Experimental Test
	4 SOHER Estimation Analysis
		4.1 Selection of Reference Value
		4.2 Estimated SOH with Known Full Life Cycle Data
		4.3 Estimated SOH from Known Partial Period Data
		4.4 Comparison of Estimation Methods
	5 Conclusion
	References
Peak Power Estimation Considering Initial Polarization
	1 Introduction
	2 Peak Power Estimation Model
		2.1 Second Order RC Model
		2.2 Multiple Linear Regression
		2.3 Support Vector Machine
	3 Estimation Results
		3.1 Second Order RC Model Estimation Results
		3.2 Multiple Linear Regression Estimation Results
		3.3 Support Vector Machine Estimation Results
	4 Comparison of Different Estimation Methods
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Single Phase Boost Inverter with Reduced Leakage Current for Photovoltaic Energy System
	1 Introduction
	2 Operating Principle and Analysis of the Proposed Topology
		2.1 The Topology of Proposed Inverter
		2.2 Analysis of Voltage Gain
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on Fractional Order Modeling and Equivalent Stress of AC–DC Superposition Condition for Lithium-Ion Batteries
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment
		2.1 Experimental Platform and Battery Test
		2.2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Data Processing and Model Building
		3.2 Fractional Order Equivalent Circuit Modeling
	4 Model Validation and Stress Analysis
		4.1 Fractional Order Model Simulation Verification
		4.2 Analysis of the Equivalent Stress Under the AC–DC Superposition Condition
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis Method of Power System Communication Fault Based on Dynamic Fuzzy Petir
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 An Improved Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Petri Net
	4 Simulation Implementation and Analysis of the Algorithm
		4.1 Modeling Rules of Dynamic Fuzzy Petri Nets
		4.2 Dynamic Fuzzy Petri Net Fault Diagnosis Method
		4.3 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Partial Discharge Characteristics and Development Process of GIS Insulator with Diverse Defects
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setups
		2.1 Experimental Apparatus
		2.2 Preparation of Defects
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Analysis of the PD Check Signals Using the Algorithm of CNN
		4.2 Analysis of the UHF Signals
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Survey of Emergency Self-Running Power Supply Schemes for Rail Transit Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Traction Power Supply System for Rail Transit Vehicles
	3 Onboard Low-Voltage Energy Storage Power Supply Scheme
		3.1 Direct Power Supply
		3.2 Power Supply Via Boost Converter
	4 Onboard Medium-Voltage Energy Storage Power Supply Scheme
	5 Onboard High-Voltage Energy Storage Power Supply Scheme
	6 Ground Energy Storage Power Supply Scheme
	7 Analysis and Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
Overview of Intelligent Train Service System Design for Passenger Service
	1 Introduction
	2 System Structure
	3 Vehicle System Network Architecture
	4 In-Vehicle System Data Transmission
	5 Conclusion
	References
Relevant Research on Image Recognition Content in the Intelligent Train Service System of a Subway Train
	1 Introduction
	2 Two Methods
		2.1 Center Pooling
		2.2 Cascade Corner Pooling
	3 Analysis of Abnormal Passenger Behavior Based on Image Recognition
	4 Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Image Recognition
	5 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle-Ground Communication and Positioning Technology Based on Ultra-Wideband Technology in an Intelligent Train Service System of a Subway Train
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle
	3 System Structure
	4 Functions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Intelligent Security Defense System Based on Full Scenario Protection of Smart Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Current Situation of Network Security Protection
		2.2 The Design of Intelligent Security Defense Institution
	3 Intelligent Security Defense Measures
		3.1 Security Defense Measures for Terminals
		3.2 Security Defense Measures for the Host
		3.3 Design of the Controller Protection Measures Against Network Boundaries
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Launch Typical Applications and Build a Defense Platform
		4.2 A Normal Operating Mechanism Based on a Full-Scenario Intelligent Security Defense Platform
	5 Conclusion
	References
Online PMSM Stator Interturn Fault Detection Aided by Phase Angle Diagnosis of Zero-sequence Components
	1 Introduction
	2 PMSM Dynamic Model with ISCF
		2.1 ISCF Stator Model
		2.2 ISCF Detailed Analysis
	3 Fault Location and Degree Indicator
		3.1 Proposed Fault Indicator
		3.2 Calculation of the Proposed Fault Indicator
	4 Simulation Validation
		4.1 Configuration of Simulation
		4.2 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Study on the Center Controller of Distributed Power Supply Based on PLC Micro-grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Control Strategy
		2.1 Microgrid Control Strategy
		2.2 Control Strategy of 2 Household New Energy Generation System
	3 Design of Visual Monitoring Interface
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Validation of Power Balance
		4.2 Verification of Frequency and Voltage Stability of 4 Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Edge Calculation and Analysis System for State Perception and Operation and Maintenance of High-voltage Cable Outdoor Terminals
	1 Introduction
	2 Solution
		2.1 Introduction of Cable Terminal System
		2.2 Principle of Cable Terminal System
		2.3 Software Development of Cable Terminal System
	3 Implementation and Analysis of Practical Problems
		3.1 Installation Plane Figure
		3.2 Analysis of Practical Problems
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Testing of Flexible Security and Stability Control in Industrial Power Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Strategy Design of Flexible Security and Stability Control System
		2.1 Flexible Stability Control
		2.2 Fast Transfer Coordination Control
	3 System-Level Dynamic Testing for Industrial Power Grid
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research of Electrical Test System and Simulation of Universal Converter Products Applied in DC Distribution Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Topology of Converter Electrical Tests Circuit Based on Full/half Bridge Hybrid MMC Technology
		2.1 Basic Principle of Electrical Tests of Converter
		2.2 The Overall Scheme of the Test System
		2.3 Test System Solutions for Different Sample Types
		2.4 Characteristics of the Test System
	3 Research on Digital Simulation Based on PSCAD
		3.1 Simulation Model Establishment
		3.2 Simulation Verification of Typical Operating Conditions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on Aging Characteristics and Products of Liquid Insulating Medium Under Partial Discharge
	1 Instruction
	2 Introduction to Test Samples and Test Methods
	3 Experiment Result
		3.1 Discharge Phenomenon and Discharge Volume
		3.2 Changes in Electrical Parameters of Silicone Oil
		3.3 Gas Products
		3.4 Gel Polymer Analysis Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Reaction Principle Discussion
		4.2 Comparative Analysis of On-Site Aging Silicone Oil
		4.3 Analysis of the Judgment Results of Gas Products by Three Ratio Method
	5 Conclusion
	References
Wireless Synchronous Transmission of Power and Signal Based on Electric-Field Coupling
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Establishment and Principle Analysis
		2.1 Circuit Model of Power Transfer Channel
		2.2 Circuit Model of Signal Transfer Channel
	3 Parameters Design
	4 Simulation and Experiment
	5 Conclusion
	References
Weak Fault Diagnosis Method for Subway Bearing Based on Multi-scale Class Distance
	1 Introduction
	2 Multiscale Class Distance
		2.1 Separability Criterion of Multiscale Class Distance
		2.2 Classification of Fault Subset
	3 Experimental Verification
		3.1 Weak Fault Vibration Signal Acquisition
		3.2 Initial Feature Sample Set Construction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Face Recognition Algorithms in the Context of Power Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 State Grid Corporation of China’s “Three Types, Two Networks, World Class” Strategic Target
		2.2 Creating a Zero-Carbon Winter Olympics Provides a Significant Historical Opportunity
		2.3 Natural Advantages of Facial Recognition Technology in Power Systems
	3 Introduction to Face Recognition Technology
		3.1 Facial Recognition Technology Development History
		3.2 Face Recognition Technology Principle
		3.3 Facial Recognition Technology Process
		3.4 Face Recognition Technology Industry Chain
		3.5 Face Recognition Technology Implementation Basis
	4 Research Method
		4.1 Template Matching Algorithm
		4.2 Feature Face Algorithm
		4.3 Adaboost Face Detection Algorithm
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Face Recognition Access Control
		5.2 Face Recognition Monitoring
		5.3 Face Recognition Tracking
		5.4 Staffing Statistics
		5.5 Detention of Staff in the Engine Room
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Quadra-Layer Direct Speed SMPC Strategy for PMSM Rotor Position
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-layer Structure of SMPC
		2.1 Multi-layer Sequential Model Prediction Control
		2.2 Switching Vector Selection
	3 Multi-layer Structure of SMPC
		3.1 Quadra-Layer DS-SMPC Strategy
		3.2 Extra Sort Selecting Method
	4 Simulation and Experimental Results
		4.1 Simulation Results and Performances Analysis
		4.2 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Parameters Tuning Method of LADRC Based on Reference Value Filtered Two-Degree-of-Freedom for PMSM Current Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Principle
		2.1 LADRC Basic Principle
	3 LADRC Design
		3.1 Stator Current LADRC Design Method
		3.2 Robustness and Stability Analysis
	4 Simulation and Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Data Augmentation and Class Based Model Evaluation for Load Disaggregation Based on Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Load Disaggregation Algorithms Based on CNN
		2.1 CNN and Its Application in Load Disaggregation
		2.2 Denoising Autoencoder Model
		2.3 Seq2Point Model
	3 Data Set Processing
		3.1 Data Set
		3.2 Training Set Augmentation
		3.3 Pre-processing
		3.4 Post-processing of Zero-Assignment
	4 Class-Based Evaluation System
		4.1 Evaluation Indicator
		4.2 Drawback of Evaluation Method in Seq2point Research
		4.3 Class-Based Evaluation Method
	5 Experiments and Results Analysis
		5.1 Experiment Steps
		5.2 Results and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Method for Restoring Distribution Rule of DC Ground Potential Under HVDC System
	1 Introduction
	2 HVDC System and Establishment of Earth Model
		2.1 Structure of the System
		2.2 Earth Resistance Model
	3 Theoretical Calculation of Uniform Medium ESP
		3.1 Ground Current Changes with Depth
		3.2 Infinite Uniform Earth Model
		3.3 Theoretical Calculation of ESP of Compound Soil Model
		3.4 In Conclusion
	4 Simulation Analysis of DC Ground Potential Under HVDC System
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Research on Speed Control Method of Twelve-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Mathematical Model of Symmetrical 12-Phase (4Y Shift 15°) PMSM
		2.2 The Mathematical Model in D, Q and M, T Coordinates
	3 Control Strategy of 12-phase PMSM
		3.1 Multi-phase Vector Control Method
		3.2 Multi-phase Multi-vector Control Method
	4 Simulation Example Verification
		4.1 Analysis of Operating Conditions Under Different Control Strategies
		4.2 Analysis of Motor Phase Loss Operation Under Different Control Strategies
	5 Conclusion
	References
HTS Conductor for Superconducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Method of Conductor Structure
		2.1 Former
		2.2 Superconducting Layers
		2.3 Analysis of the Magnetic Field
	3 Results of Conductor Design
		3.1 Conductor Parameters
		3.2 Critical Current
	4 Simulation and Result Analysis
		4.1 Simulation
		4.2 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assisted Diagnosis of Real-Virtual Twin Space for Data Insufficiency
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model
		2.1 R/V Space Integration
		2.2 Weighted Fusion
	3 Diagnostic Testing and Analysis
		3.1 Data Acquisition and Method Execution
		3.2 The Specific Implementation Process of Space Hybridization
		3.3 Fault Diagnosis Effects
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the Temperature Field of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle Analysis and Cooling Structure Inside the Conductor
		2.1 Winding Loss Analysis
		2.2 Cooling Analysis
		2.3 Thermal Network Analysis
		2.4 Water Cooling Structure in Conductor
	3 Motor Model
	4 Simulation Results
		4.1 Motor Loss Distribution
		4.2 Motor Temperature Distribution
	5 Conclusion
	References
Review of the Application of Intelligent Optimization Algorithm for Design of Novel Electric Machines
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction of the Novel Machine Structure
	3 Introduction of Intelligent Optimization Algorithms
		3.1 Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithm
		3.2 Evolutionary Optimization Algorithm
		3.3 Surrogate Model Optimization Algorithm
		3.4 Other Optimization Algorithms
	4 Application of Intelligent Optimization Algorithm
		4.1 Multi-objective Optimization
	5 Application Prospects
	6 Conclusion
	References
Magnetically Coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transmission Coil Temperature Rise and Parameter Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Temperature Rise Calculation and Modeling
		2.1 Model of Magnetic Coupling System
		2.2 Power, Efficiency and Transient Response
		2.3 Calculation of Coil Temperature Rise
	3 Solution of Temperature Rise of Wireless Power Transmission Coil
	4 Coil Parameter Optimizations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Sintering Temperature and Holding Time on Ionic Conductivity for Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 Electrolyte
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Section
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Motor Based on Negative Magnetostrictive Effect
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Simulation Results and Analysis
		3.1 Initial Condition
		3.2 Simulation Result
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
		4.1 Experimental Instrument and Preparation
		4.2 Experimental Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Influence of the Torsional Elastic Torque on Chaotic Characters of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model and Stability
	3 Changes of Lyapunov Exponents with  K/J
	4 Time Domain Diagrams and State Space Phase Diagrams Under Two  K/J Values
	5 Analysis of Sensitivity to Initial Conditions Under Two  K/J Value
	6 Conclusion
	References
Development of 20 T Split Pulsed Magnet for Repetitive Pulses
	1 Introduction
	2 Magnet Design
		2.1 Electromagnetic Analysis
		2.2 Stress Analysis
		2.3 Thermal Analysis
	3 Test of the Magnet
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study on COMSOL Finite Element Modeling Method of Ship Magnetic Field Based on Scalar Magnetic Potential and Vector Magnetic Potential
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theories
	3 Numerical Modeling Method and Steps
		3.1 Scalar Magnetic Potential Method Using Mfnc Interface
		3.2 Vector Magnetic Potential Method Using Mf Interface
	4 Example Analysis
		4.1 Analytical Example of an Ellipsoidal Shell
		4.2 An Example of a Submarine
	5 Conclusion
	References
Approximate Modeling of Gear Torque of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Latin Hypercube Sampling
	1 Introduction
	2 The Approximate Modeling Scheme for the Fast Calculation of Gear Torque of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
	3 Analysis of Key Influencing Factors of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Cogging Torque
		3.1 Simulation Analysis of Cogging Torque
		3.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Cogging Torque
	4 Approximate Modeling for Fast Calculation of Gear Torque of PERMANENT Magnet Synchronous Motor
		4.1 Approximate Modeling of Traditional Latin Hypercube Sampling
		4.2 Improve the Approximate Modeling of Latin Hypercube Sampling
	5 Conclusion
	References
Degradation Feature Selection Method of AC Conductor Based on Mutual Information
	1 Introduction
	2 Extraction of Degradation Parameters
		2.1 Test Conditions
		2.2 Calculation and Extraction of Degradation Parameters
	3 Time Series Preprocessing
	4 The Feature Selection Method of High-Dimensional Mutual Information
		4.1 Mutual Information and Entropy
		4.2 High-Dimensional Estimation of Mutual Information
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study on the 4-Stage Series-Connected Fast Linear Transformer Driver with Common- and Independent-Induction Cavity
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model of the 4-Stage FLTD Cavity
		2.1 Time Domain Finite Integration Technique
		2.2 Simulation Models of the FLTD Cavity
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Frozen Intelligent Control System of PMSM Optimized by Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of PMSM
	3 Intelligent Control System of PMSM Optimized by CMAC
		3.1 Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller
		3.2 Design of Controller for CMAC Optimization
		3.3 PMSM Intelligent Control System Design
	4 The Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Arc Fault Recognition Based on VMD and ELM
	1 Introduction
	2 Key Technology of Fault Arc Recognition
		2.1 Variational Mode Decomposition Technique
		2.2 Sample Entropy Calculation
	3 Fault Identification Method Based on VMD Decomposition-Sample Entropy Calculation and ELM
	4 Fault Diagnosis Example Analysis
		4.1 Fault Current Detection Experiment
		4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis
		4.3 Construction of an Arc Fault Diagnosis Model Based on ELM
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research of Deep Learning Neural Network Based on Regression Analysis in Numerical Simulation Analysis of Motor Stress
	1 Introduction
	2 Establish a Finite Element Numerical Model
		2.1 FEM Model Magnetic Density and Stress Simulation
		2.2 Experiment of Filling Material
	3 Neural Network Model Construction
		3.1 BP Neural Network Analysis
		3.2 Experimental Steps
		3.3 Analysis of Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Failure Analysis of Garnet-Type Solid State Electrolyte LLZO by Electrochemical Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Synthesis of the Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) Pellet
		2.2 Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Flux Linkage Identification Method of PMSM Based on Discounted Least Square Method
	1 Introduction
	2 The Mathematical Model of PMSM
	3 Flux Linkage Identification of PMSM Based on DRLS
	4 Simulink Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Laboratory Preparation and Influence Factor Analysis of LiFePO4 Soft Package Battery
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation Process of LiFePO4 Soft Pack Battery
		2.1 Manufacture of Positive and Negative Plates
		2.2 Lamination Technology and Ultrasonic Welding of Tabs
		2.3 Heat Sealing and Liquid Injection of Battery
		2.4 Pre-forming of Battery
	3 Morphology Analysis of LiFePO4 Soft Package Battery
	4 Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4 Soft Package Battery
	5 XRD Analysis of LiFePO4 Soft Package Battery
	6 Conclusion
	References
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor Control System Based on Improved Sliding Mode Observer
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Traditional Sliding Mode Observer
		2.2 Piecewise Tangent Function
		2.3 Improved Super Twisting Observer
	3 Phase-Locked Loop and Its DC Bias Suppression
	4 Simulation and Eperimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Influence of Voltage Polarity on Corona Discharge Characteristics of Insulators
	1 Introduction
	2 Fluid-Chemical Reaction Hybrid Numerical Model
		2.1 Governing Equation
		2.2 Plasma Chemical Reaction
		2.3 Plasma Boundary Conditions
	3 Simulation Calculation Model
	4 Results Comparison and Analysis
		4.1 Graph of Electric Potential and Field Strength
		4.2 Electron Number Density Along the Surface of Insulator
	5 Conclusion
	References
Simulation Calculation of Loss of Induction Traction Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Calculation of Copper Consumption in End Ring
	3 Calculation of Core Loss
	4 Finite Element Simulation Calculation
		4.1 Establishment of Motor Model
		4.2 Calculation of Copper Loss by Finite Element Method
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Temperature Field of MVA Capacity High Temperature Superconducting Transformer
	1 Introduction
	2 Winding Structure of HTS Transformer
	3 Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Field in HTS Transformer
		3.1 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Model Magnetic Field Simulation
		3.2 Magnetic Field Calculation Results of 3D Model
	4 Numerical Calculation of Temperature Field in HTS Transformer
		4.1 Magnetic Field Calculation Results of 3D Model
		4.2 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Model Temperature Field Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Magnetic Field Analysis and Structural Optimization of Deflection Double Stator Switched Reluctance Generator
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Principle of DDSRG
	3 Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Density of DDSR
	4 Finite Element Analysis Results of Generator Magnetic Field
	5 Structural Optimization of DDSRG
	6 Experimental Verification
	7 Conclusion
	References
Simulation of Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method for Space Charge Measurement Considering Wave Distortion
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory of PEA
	3 Modeling of PEA
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Calibration of Simulation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Appropriate Proportion of Holey Graphene Used as Partial Conductive Agent in Electric Double-Layer Supercapacitors
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Section
		2.1 Experimental Material
		2.2 Experimental Step
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Micro-morphology Analysis
		3.2 AC Impedance Test
		3.3 Cyclic Voltammetry Test
		3.4 Rate Tests and Galvanostatic Charging/Discharging (GCD) Tests
		3.5 Cycle Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Influence of Different Propagation Media on Motor Vibration and Noise
	1 Introduction
	2 Vibration Under Different Propagation Media
	3 Noise Under Different Propagation Media
		3.1 Noise Difference at the Same Sound Pressure
		3.2 Noise Difference at the Same Sound Power
		3.3 Noise Difference When the Same Exciting Force
	4 Noise Difference Based on Motor Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Vibration Suppression of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Extended Random Depth PWM Modulation Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 High Frequency Vibration Noise and Random PWM Modulation Technology
		2.1 Vibration Analysis of High Frequency Current Harmonics
		2.2 Random PWM Modulation Technology
	3 Extended Random Depth PWM Modulation Technology
	4 Modeling and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Electric Field Focalization Induced by Transcranial Magneto-Acoustical-Electrical Stimulation Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Model and Methods
		2.1 Principle of Transcranial Magnetic Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation
		2.2 Array Transducer and Parameters
	3 Influence of Array Transducer Parameters on Electric Field Distribution
		3.1 Influence of the Length of a Single Array Element on Electric Field
		3.2 Influence of Array Width on Electric Field
		3.3 Influence of Array Gap on Electric Field
	4 Conclusion
	References
Torque Ripple Suppression of Low Voltage Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Harmonic Voltage Injection
	1 Introduction
	2 PMSM Fundamental Wave and Harmonic Mathematical Model
		2.1 Fundamental Voltage Equation of PMSM
		2.2 The 5th and 7th Harmonic Voltage Equation of PMSM
		2.3 Principle of 5th and 7th Coordinate Transformation
	3 Harmonic Voltage Compensation Strategy
		3.1 Harmonic Current Extraction
		3.2 Harmonic Voltage Compensation
	4 Simulation
	5 Experiment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Low-speed Sensorless Control Method of SPMSM for Oil Pump Based on Improved Pulsating High-Frequency Voltage Injection
	1 Intruduction
	2 Saturation Salient Pole Effect and High Frequency Mathematical Model of SPMSM
		2.1 Analysis of Saturation Salient Pole Effect of SPMSM
		2.2 High-Frequency Mathematical Model of SPMSM
	3 Position Detection Method Based on Pulsating High-Frequency Voltage Signal Injection
		3.1 Principle of Pulsed High-frequency Voltage Injection
		3.2 Rotor Position Observer Based on Compound Phase-Locked Loop
		3.3 Judgment of Rotor Polarity
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Short Time Scale Failure Mechanism of MMC Sub-module Busbar
	1 Introduction
	2 Laminated Busbar Structure and Its Connection in MMC
		2.1 Basic Connection of Laminated Busbar
		2.2 MMC Submodule
	3 Stray Inductance Extraction of Laminated Busbar
	4 Research on Safe Operation Region of Laminated Busbar
		4.1 Connection Status in MMC Submodule Electric-Heat-Solid Three-Field Coupling
		4.2 Safe Operating Voltage of Laminated Busbar
		4.3 Safe Running Time of Laminated Busbar
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Fault Diagnosis Technology of AC Medium Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker Based on Wavelet Packet
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Principles of Wavelet Packet
	3 Extraction and Analysis of Energy Features Based on Wavelet Packet
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Band Energy Extraction
		3.3 Extraction of Energy Spectrum Entropy and Euclidean Distance
	4 Circuit Breaker Fault Simulation Verification
		4.1 Circuit Breaker Fault Simulation Experiment Scheme
		4.2 Result Analysis
		4.3 Band Energy
		4.4 Energy Entropy and Euclidean Distance
		4.5 SVM-Based Fault Diagnosis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Relationship Between Digital Twin and Software Eco-chain
	1 Introduction
	2 Concepts of Digital Twin and Its Core Technology
		2.1 Concepts of Digital Twin Technology Structure of the System
		2.2 Application of Digital Twin Technology
		2.3 The Core Technology of Digital Twin
	3 Viewing China’s Software Industry Ecology from the Digital Twin Perspective
		3.1 The Importance of Software for Digital Twin
		3.2 Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Status of Software Industry Eco-chain
		3.3 Prospect of Software Industry Eco-chain
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Fast Calculation Method of Electromagnetic Parameters of Superconducting Magnet Based on Generating Convolution Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Generating Convolution Network
		2.1 Magnets Stacked by ReBCO Annular Plates
		2.2 Structure of Generating Convolution Network
	3 Network Adaptation
		3.1 The Number of Plates is Less Than the Standard Number
		3.2 The Number of Plates is More Than the Standard Number
	4 Simulation
	5 Summary
	References
Surface Modification of Low Temperature Plasma Electrode in Air Atmosphere
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Measurement
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis and Research on Rectangular Crack Detection of Basin Insulator Based on Laser Ultrasonic
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Laser Ultrasonic Testing
		2.1 Heat Transfer Process
		2.2 Thermoelastic Process
		2.3 Thermoelastic Process
	3 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Rectangular Crack
		3.1 Laser Parameters and Material
		3.2 Numerical Simulation Results Without Defects
		3.3 Simulation Results of Rectangular Cracks with Different Widths
		3.4 Simulation Results of Rectangular Cracks with Different Depths
	4 Conclusion
	References
Magnetostrictive Simulation of Amorphous Alloy Based on Dynamic Jiles-Atherton Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Derivation of the Basic Model Modeling
		2.1 Traditional J-A Hysteresis Model
		2.2 Derivation of Magnetostrictive Mode
	3 The Experimental Measurements
	4 Simulation and Validation of the Model
		4.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
		4.2 Parameter Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of High Sensitivity Foreign Object Detection System in Wireless Charging Based on the Variation of Detection Coils Impedance
	1 Introduction
	2 Detection Coil Sensitivity Analysis
	3 Detection Coil Design
	4 Excitation Source Frequency Selection
	5 Experimental Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Harmonic Suppression Method of High Speed PMSM Based on LC Filter and Adaptive Notch Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of HPMSM
	3 HPMSM System Based on LC Filter
	4 Adaptive Notch Filter
		4.1 Adaptive Notch Filter
		4.2 Control System Design
	5 Simulation Experiment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Key Position of Hot Spot Temperature of Dry Type Transformer in Distribution Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Dry-Type Transformer Structure Modeling
		2.1 Magnetic Field Calculation and Loss Analysis of Dry Type Transformer Under Short Circuit Test
		2.2 Magnetic Field Calculation and Loss Analysis of Dry-Type Transformer Under no-Load Test
	3 Numerical Calculation of Temperature Field of Dry-Type Transformer
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of Laser Parameters on the Ultrasonic Signal of Laser Ultrasonic Detection of GIS Basin-Type Insulator
	1 Introduction
	2 Laser Ultrasonic Multi-physical Field Coupling Modeling
	3 Influence Analysis of Laser Excitation Parameters
		3.1 The Effect of Laser Energy
		3.2 The Effect of Laser Rise Time
		3.3 The Effect of Laser Half Width
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Analytical Core Loss Admittance Calculating Method and an Equivalent Circuit Modeling Method of Induction Motors Fed by Converter Considering Space-Time Harmonics
	1 Introduction
	2 Calculation Method of Iron Loss of Variable Coefficient Induction Motor Considering Time Harmonic
		2.1 Piecewise Variable Coefficient Iron Loss Model Considering Harmonics
		2.2 Relationship Between Supply Voltage and Core Flux Density
		2.3 Calculation of Stator Iron Loss Considering Time Harmonic
		2.4 Calculation of Rotor Iron Loss Considering Time Harmonic
	3 Calculation Method of Additional Iron Loss of Induction Motor Considering Space Harmonics
		3.1 Surface Additional Loss
		3.2 Calculation of Tooth Pulsation Loss
	4 Equivalent Circuit Model Construction of Induction Motor Considering Space-Time Harmonics
	5 Experimental Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Application of Genetic Algorithm in the Structural Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of PMSM
	3 Equivalent Magnetic Circuit of PMSM
	4 Optimization of Motor Parameters by Genetic Algorithm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and System-Level Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles Oriented to Complex Scenarios
	1 Introduction
	2 SRM Design and Nonlinear Modeling
	3 Numerical Calculation and Dynamic Simulation
	4 Bi-Level Multi-objective Optimization Based on Complex Scenarios
	5 Conclusion
	References
System-Level Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Motor Performance Calculation
	3 Scene Optimization
		3.1 Electric Vehicle Driving Scene
		3.2 Operating Condition of Motor
		3.3 Motor Performance Evaluation
		3.4 Particle Swarm Optimization
	4 Control System
	5 Example
	6 Conclusion
	References
Modelling and Experimental Verification on Magnetic Hysteresis Properties of Soft Magnetic Composite Material
	1 Introduction
	2 The Measurement System
	3 Modelling of Soft Magnetic Composite Material
	4 Results and Conclusion
	References