The proceedings of the 10th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering (FAFEE2022): Volume I (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1048)

Contents
Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Wind Turbine Considering Inertia Support Capacity Under Variable Wind Speed
	1 Introduction
	2 Wind Turbine Model and Virtual Inertia Control
		2.1 Wind Turbine Model
		2.2 Virtual Inertia Control
	3 The Supporting Capacity of Wind Turbine Inertia Under Varying Wind Speed
		3.1 Wind Turbine Participates in the Energy Conversion of Inertia Support
		3.2 Stability Analysis of Wind Turbine Inertia Support Process
		3.3 Influence of Wind Speed on Inertia Supporting Capacity
	4 Wind Turbine Virtual Inertia Control Strategy Combining Wind Turbine Stability and Inertia Support Effect
		4.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning and DDPG Algorithm
		4.2 Virtual Inertia Control Strategy Based on DDPG
	5 Simulation Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Deployment of the Integrated Energy Systems Considering Carbon Capture System
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of Integrated Energy System
		2.1 Basic System Structure
		2.2 Power Model
		2.3 Cost Model
	3 Optimization Model of Deployment
		3.1 Objective Function
		3.2 Constraint Condition
	4 Example Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modeling Analysis of Efficiency Improvement of Passive Array Coils Involved in Wireless Power Transfer System
	1 Introduction
	2 The Composition Structure and Design Theory of SAC
		2.1 Design Concept of SAC
		2.2 Composition Structure of SAC
	3 Modeling the Transmission Efficiency of WPT System with SAC
		3.1 WPT System with SAC Circuit Model
		3.2 Simulation and Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Crosstalk of Phase-Leg Circuits with Parallel MOSFETs
	1 Introduction
	2 Phase-Leg Circuit Switching Process Analysis
	3 Crosstalk Effects on Parallel Devices in Phase-Leg Circuits
		3.1 Parallel Uneven Flow Influence Factors
		3.2 Loop Current Effects on Gate Source Crosstalk
	4 Conclusion
	References
Double Substitution-Impedance Control of DFIG Based on WECS
	1 Introduction
	2 DFIG Model
	3 The Principle of DSIC
	4 Simulation Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Control of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing
		2.1 Theoretical Model of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing
		2.2 Finite Element Simulation by Ansys Maxwell
	3 Modeling and Control of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System
		3.1 Nonlinear Model of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System
		3.2 Adaptive Super-Twisting Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control
	4 Simulation of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System Control
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System Based on Modified LightGBM Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Modified LightGBM
		2.1 Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT).
		2.2 Modified LightGBM
	3 Islanding Detection Technique
		3.1 Grid-Connected System Simulation
		3.2 Islanding Detection Classifier
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Electromagnetic Analysis of V-type Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory of Electromagnetic Fields
		2.1 Maxwell\'s Equations
		2.2 Potential Functions
	3 Electromagnetic Simulation Model
	4 Electromagnetic Simulation Analysis
		4.1 No-Load Electromagnetic Analysis
		4.2 Load Electromagnetic Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Coordinate the Optimal Configuration of Double-Layer Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Wind Farms Participating in Power System Frequency Regulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Frequency Response Model of Power System
		2.1 Analysis of Frequency Regulation Characteristics
		2.2 Structural and Economic Evaluation of Wind-Storage Joint System
	3 Two-Layer Energy Storage Configuration Method Based on Benders Decomposition
	4 Optimize the Configuration Model
		4.1 Investment Costs and Constraints
		4.2 Objective Function
	5 Example Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Assessment for Aging State of High-Voltage Cable Insulation Based on Fuzzy Clustering Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Insulation Related Experiments
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Tensile Test
		2.3 AC Breakdown Test
		2.4 FTIR Spectroscopy Test
		2.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Test
		2.6 X-ray Diffractometry Test
	3 Partial Insulation Experimental Data Analysis
		3.1 Tensile Test Analysis
		3.2 AC Breakdown Test Analysis
		3.3 FTIR Spectroscopy Test Analysis
		3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Test Analysis
		3.5 X-ray Diffractometry Test Analysis
	4 Fuzzy Clustering Method of Cable Diagnosis
		4.1 Determination of Input and Output Variables
		4.2 Clustering Center Calculation
		4.3 Construction of the Affiliation Function
		4.4 Member Function Threshold Determination
		4.5 Determination of Fuzzy Diagnosis Rules
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on the Breakdown Probability and Reliability Evaluation of HVDC AC Capacitor Under the Joint Action of Electric and Heating
	1 Introduction
	2 Brief Introduction of Evaluation Model
	3 Calculation of Casing Bursting Energy of AC Capacitor
	4 Reliability Evaluation of Capacitors
	5 Summary and Suggestions
	References
Study on Dynamic Discharge Characteristics of Homopolar Inductor Alternator Based Flywheel Energy Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Operation Principle and Mathematical Model of HIA
		2.1 Operation Principle
		2.2 Mathematical Model
	3 Discharge Control Theory of HIA
		3.1 Strategy of Discharge Control
		3.2 Analysis of Discharge Dynamic Control Process
		3.3 Analysis of Influence Factors of Voltage Control in Dynamic Loading
		3.4 Analysis of Influence Factors of Voltage Control in Dynamic Unloading
	4 Simulation of Discharge Characteristic
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the Degradation Mechanism and Identification of Overcharging Method Under Different SOC Cyclic Overcharge of Lithium Titanate Batteries
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Experimental Equipment and Platform
		2.2 Experimental Steps
	3 Analysis of Experimental Results
		3.1 Determining the Rate of Decline Based on Capacity Changes
		3.2 Analysis of the Degradation Mode of Lithium Titanate Battery Under Different SOC Overcharge Cycles Based on IC Curve
		3.3 Identification of Lithium Titanate Battery with Overcharge Failure Based on IC Curve
	4 Conclusion
	References
Calculation Method of Converter Valve Loss Based on Thyristor Voltage-Current Characteristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of Thyristor Converter Valve
	3 SCR Loss Calculation and Analysis Based on Voltage and Current Characteristic Curve
		3.1 On-state Pressure Drop Fitting Based on Characteristic Curve
		3.2 Loss Calculation
		3.3 Heat Transfer Model Construction
		3.4 Loss Solving Process
	4 Simulation Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Physiological Control of Artificial Heart Pump Based on the Hierarchical Thought and the Fuzzy Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Design of the Sensorless Method
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of the Influence of Core Seam Type on DC Bias Noise of Transformer Based on Finite Element Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment Building
	3 Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Core Seam Type on DC Bias Noise of Transformer
	4 Modal Analysis of Core Structure with Different Seam Types
	5 Conclusion
	References
Improved Cascade Virtual Synchronous Machine Control Strategy Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Principles of Traditional VSG
	3 Cascade Improved VSG Control Strategy
	4 Simulation Waveform and Verification
	5 Simulation Waveform and Verification
	References
A Novel Method for Monitoring Health Conditions of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester
	1 Introduction
	2 MOA Model Under Small Leakage Current
	3 The Factors Affecting the Health Conditions of MOA
		3.1 Influence of NRP Deterioration on On-Line Monitoring Data
		3.2 Influence of Surface Pollution on On-Line Monitoring Data
	4 On-Line Identification Algorithm of MOA Health Conditions
		4.1 Reduce the Influence of Harmonic Interference in Power Grid
		4.2 MOA Health Conditions Identification Based on SVM-CRF
	5 Simulation Analysis Based on Matlab
		5.1 Data Preparation
		5.2 Processing Results of SVM Algorithm
		5.3 Further Optimization Results Using CRF Algorithm
	6 Conclusion
	References
On-Site AC Withstand Voltage Safety Distance Evaluation of Switchgear Based on Series Resonance Principle
	1 Preface
	2 Experiment Method
	3 Experimental Phenomenon
	4 Breakdown Voltage and Analysis
		4.1 Breakdown Voltage
		4.2 Influence of the Grading Ring
	5 Safety Distance Evaluation
		5.1 Safety Distance Evaluation of Bushing-Bushing Model
		5.2 Safety Distance Evaluation of Rod-Plate (Gate-Line) Model
		5.3 Safety Distance for Common Test Scenarios
	6 Conclusion
	References
Energy Saving Analysis for Permanent Magnet Traction System in Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Urban Rail Transit Illustration
		2.1 Traction Energy Flow of Urban Rail Transit
		2.2 Renewable Energy Utilization
		2.3 Permanent Magnet Traction System
		2.4 Traction and Power Supply Simulation Method
	3 Simulation Basis
	4 Traction Simulation
	5 Power Supply Simulation
	6 Conclusion
	References
CFD-Based Radial Thrust and Hemocompatibility Study of the Double-Volute Artificial Heart Pump
	1 Introduction
	2 Models and Methods
		2.1 Design and Establishment of the Three-Dimensional Model
		2.2 Mesh
		2.3 Turbulence Model and Computational Details
		2.4 The Setting of Boundary Conditions
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Comparison of the Overall Flow Field
		3.2 Comparison of Radial Thrust
		3.3 Comparison of Head and Hemocompatibility
	4 Conclusion
	References.
Research on Dual-Channel Wide Dynamic Microwave Rectifier Circuit Based on Automatic Power Distribution Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 The Principle of a Wide-Dynamic Rectifier Circuit Based on Automatic Input Power Distribution Analysis
	3 Design and Simulation of Dual-Channel Microwave Rectifier Circuit
		3.1 Simulation of Circuit and Optimization of Parameter
		3.2 Analysis of Overall Performance of Circuit
	4 Conclusions
	References
Stochastic State Estimation of Power System Based on Conditional Value-at-Risk
	1 Introduction
	2 Modified State Estimation Model by Weighted Least Squares Method
	3 Stochastic State Estimation Method
		3.1 Conditional Value at Risk
		3.2 Stochastic State Estimation Model
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on Metal Contamination Defects on Insulator Surface Under Intermittent Partial Discharge
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-source Detection System for Intermittent Discharge of True GIS Metal Fouling Defects
		2.1 Test Platform
		2.2 UHF Antenna Sensor
	3 Test Results and Analysis
		3.1 Mapping of Intermittent Discharge Pulses of Different Magnitudes
		3.2 Time-Frequency Domain Analysis of Intermittent Discharge Characteristics
	4 Analysis of Intermittent Discharge Processes in Metal Fouling
		4.1 Statistics of Intermittent Discharges
		4.2 Intermittent Discharge Time Interval Statistics
	5 Summary
	References
Research on Modeling Integrated Energy System and Coordinated Control Strategy Based on Hydrogen Production Using Hybrid Wind-Solar
	1 Introduction
	2 System Modeling
	3 System Coordinated Control
		3.1 Overall Control Strategy
		3.2 Control Strategy of Each Unit
	4 Emulation Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation Method of New Energy Absorption Capacity Based on Network Security and Stability Constraints
	1 Introduction
	2 New Energy Grid-Connected Model
		2.1 Mechanism of New Energy Absorption
		2.2 Power Probability Modeling of New Energy Theory
		2.3 Generation of New Energy Output Probability Classification Scene
	3 Calculation of New Energy Absorption Capacity
		3.1 Evaluation Model
		3.2 Constraint Condition
	4 Example Analysis
		4.1 Example Introduction
	5 Example Analysis
	References
Short-Term Wind Power Interval Prediction Based on WA-KDEP Algorithm Methodology Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Basic Methods
		2.3 The WA-KDEP Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Critical Line Identification of AC-DC Hybrid Grid Based on Data-Driven
	1 Introduction
	2 Chain Fault Process and Sequence Modeling
		2.1 Chain Fault Evolution Process
		2.2 Chain Fault Sequence and Data Modeling
	3 Evaluation Index of Line Criticality
		3.1 Electrical Structure
		3.2 Weighted Power Flow Transfer Entropy
		3.3 Voltage Offset
		3.4 Load Loss
	4 Comprehensive Evaluation and Identification of Line Criticality
		4.1 Comprehensive Evaluation of Line Criticality
		4.2 Local Critical Evaluation of the Line
	5 Example Analysis
		5.1 Example Setting
		5.2 Identification of Line Criticality
		5.3 Result Verification
	6 Conclusions
	References
Position Optimization Simulation of High Voltage Bushing Outlet Stress Cone Based on Simdroid Software
	1 Introduction
	2 Actual Structure of GIS Bushing
	3 Simulation Model of the Actual Structure of the GIS Bushing
		3.1 Actual Simulation Model of GIS Bushing and Stress Cone
		3.2 Model Parameter Setting and Mesh Splitting
	4 Electric Field Distribution of GIS Bushing
		4.1 Electric Field Distribution of 126 kV GIS Bushing
	5 Conclusion
	References
A New Charging Strategy Suitable for Electric Vehicle Charging Station in New Energy Occasions
	1 Introduction
	2 Integrated System Structure of Charging Station with PV Power Source
		2.1 System Composition and Function
	3 Design of Variable Speed Charging Mechanism for EV
		3.1 PV Cell Instantaneous Power
		3.2 The Number of EV on the Station in the Future Period
		3.3 Charging Station Actual Power Calculation
		3.4 Calculation of Charging Rate of Each Battery in the Station
	4 Validation of Variable Speed Charging Strategy
		4.1 Basic Data
		4.2 Comparative Analysis of Variable Speed Charging and Constant Power Charging Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Curved MRI Gradient Coil Design Method Based on Smooth Combined Structure Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Parameterization of Combined Gradient Coils
		2.1 Z-gradient Coils
		2.2 X-/Y-Gradient Coils
	3 Establishment of the Optimization Problem
	4 Optimization Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Simulation Study on an Electric and Vibrational Dual Energy Harvester and Its Influencing Factors
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle and Structure of Dual Energy Harvester
		2.1 Principle of Operation
		2.2 Structure of the Double-Capture Energy Acquisition Power Supply
	3 Effect of Operating Voltage on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
	4 EEH Coupling Capacitance Simulation
		4.1 Model Description
		4.2 Discussion on Line-Electrode Coupling Capacitance
		4.3 Effect of Distributed Electrode Array
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research and Optimization of ALIP Performance Based on Improved Equivalent Circuit
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model
		2.1 Basic Working Principle
		2.2 Mathematical Model
		2.3 Boundary Conditions and Electromagnetic Field Solution
	3 Equivalent Circuit
		3.1 Traditional Equivalent Circuit
		3.2 Improved Equivalent Circuit
	4 Finite Element Simulation and Model Verification
	5 Thrust Characteristic Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Feasibility Simulation Study of Simultaneous PD Radiation Ultrasound and UHF Signal Sensing Using a Single Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Status of Research
		2.1 Flexible Ultrasonic Sensors
		2.2 Flexible UHF Sensors
	3 Theoretical Feasibility Analysis
		3.1 PD Ultrasonic Signal Sensing Principle
		3.2 PD UHF Signal Sensing Principle
		3.3 Integrated Sensor Structure and Principle
	4 Integrated Sensor Simulation Study
		4.1 Simulation Study of Ultrasonic Signal Perception Performance
		4.2 UHF Signal Sensing Performance Simulation Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of Standardization of Power Detection Test Data Based on JSON Representation
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Problems and Demands
	3 Structural Design of Electric Power Test Data Based on JSON Representation
		3.1 Overall Design Schmea
		3.2 JSON Synax Constraint of Electric Power Detection Test Data
		3.3 JSON Filed Definition of Electric Power Detection Test Data Parameters
	4 Practical Application of JSON Characterized Test Data of Electric Power Detection
		4.1 Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structure Design and Stress Analysis of New Hybrid Rotor Dual Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanical Design
		2.1 The Overall Mechanical Structure of the Motor
		2.2 Stator and Rotor Structure
	3 Motor Stress Analysis
		3.1 Force Analysis
		3.2 Strength Analysis of Main Structural Parts of Motor
	4 Conclusions
	References
Threshold Voltage Monitoring Method of SiC MOSFET Considering the Influence of Thermoelectric Coupling
	1 Introduction
	2 On-Resistance Components and Temperature Sensitivity
		2.1 Chip Drain-Source On-State Resistance
		2.2 Package Resistance
	3 Experimental Setup and Monitoring Methods
		3.1 Experimental Setup
		3.2 Impact of BTI on VTH and RDS-ON
		3.3 Monitoring Threshold Voltage Based on RDS-ON
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Robust Economy Optimization Method of Virtual Power Plant Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response
	1 Introduction
	2 Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response Model
		2.1 Establish Evaluation Model of Day-Ahead Invited Demand Response
		2.2 Establish Settlement Model of Day-Ahead Invited Demand Response
	3 Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method
		3.1 Put Forward Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method Without Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response
		3.2 Put Forward Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method with Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response
	4 Robust Economy Optimization Method
		4.1 Establish Day-Ahead Optimization Operation Power Uncertainty Model at Connection Line
		4.2 Put Forward Robust Economy Optimization Method for Virtual Power Plant with Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response
	5 Optimization Method Implementation Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Example of Integrated Energy Demonstration Project Based on Clean Coal Power
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of Integrated Energy System
		2.1 Structure Description of Integrated Energy System
		2.2 Mathematical Model of Integrated Energy System
		2.3 Energy Balance of Integrated Energy System
		2.4 Operation Index of Integrated Energy System
		2.5 Operation Constraints of Integrated Energy System
	3 Application Analysis of Demonstration Project Engineering
		3.1 Operation Parameters of Actual Engineering
		3.2 Results Analysis of Actual Engineering
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on IGBT Lifetime Prediction Based on Residual BP Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 IGBT Failure Mechanism
	3 Selection and Verification of IGBT Failure Characteristic Parameters
		3.1 Selection of Failure Characteristic Parameters
		3.2 Verification of Failure Characteristic Parameters
	4 IGBT Life Prediction Based on Residual BP Neural Network
		4.1 Model and Prediction Results Based on BP Neural Network
		4.2 Model and Prediction Results Based on Residual BP Neural Network
		4.3 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Bearing Voltage on EMU Traction Motors and Evaluation of Insulated Bearings Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Bearing Voltage Generation Mechanism of Traction Motors
		2.1 Bearing Voltage Caused by Common-Mode Voltage of Convertors
		2.2 Bearing Voltage Caused by Body Overvoltage
	3 Bearing Voltage Test and Analysis
		3.1 Site Test of Bearing Voltage
		3.2 Bearing Voltage Test Results Under Constant Speed Operation Status
		3.3 Bearing Voltage Test Results Under Phase-Separating Operation Status
	4 Evaluation of Insulated Bearings Performance
		4.1 Bearing Current Simulation Model
		4.2 Bearing Current Simulation When Using Non-Insulated Bearings
		4.3 Bearing Current Simulation When Using Insulated Bearings
		4.4 Influence of Coating Thickness of Insulated Bearing on Bearing Current
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Calculation of Multi-Phase Lightning Trip-Out in 220 kV Double-Circuit Transmission Lines
	1 Introduction
	2 Fault Condition of Four Phase Trip Out by Lightning Strike in Common-Tower Double-Circuit
	3 Fault Condition of Four Phase Trip Out by Lightning Strike in Common-Tower Double
		3.1 Electrical Equipment Parameters
		3.2 Simulation Analysis Model
	4 Fault Simulation Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Super Resolution Reconstruction of Infrared Images of Power Equipment Based on Wasserstein Distance and Residual Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Generative Adversarial Networks
		2.2 Super-Resolution Reconstruction
		2.3 Residual Network
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Long and Short Connection Residual Networks
		3.2 Loss Function
		3.3 Model Structure
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experimental Parameters
		4.2 Dataset and Training Parameters
		4.3 Evaluation Indicators
		4.4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Modeling of Current Transformer for Travelling Wave Fault Location Test
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 The Attenuation Phenomenon of Traveling Wave Passing Through Current Transformer
	3 Current Transformer Modeling Considering Distributed Capacitance
		3.1 Simplified Current Transformer Model
		3.2 Measured Parameters
	4 Comparison of Current Transformer Model and Actual Measurement Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A New Method of Measuring the Parameters of Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Based on Phase-Mode Transformation
	1 Introduction
	2 Measurement Method of the Parameters Based on Phase-Mode Transformation
	3 Digital Simulation and Analysis
		3.1 Simulation Analysis of Line Length
		3.2 Simulation Analysis of Robustness
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Relationship Between External Characteristic Parameters and Aging Mechanism of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrochemical-Aging Coupling Model
		2.1 P2D Electrochemical Model
		2.2 SEI Side Reaction
		2.3 Lithium Battery Model Coupling
	3 Incremental Capacity Analysis
		3.1 The Principle of the IC Curve Analysis Method
		3.2 The Influence of Lithium Battery Aging on the IC Curve
		3.3 Circulating Aging Test
		3.4 Characteristic Parameter Extraction and Correlation Degree Analysis
	4 Analysis of the Relationship Between External Characteristic Parameters and Aging Mechanism
	5 Conclusions
	References
Grounding Network Fault Detection Based on Frequency Domain Characteristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Grounding Network Dispersion Range Analysis
	3 Grounding Network Fault Spectrum Detection Method
	4 Conclusion
	References
Detection of Bladder Filling with Open T-type Electrode Array
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction of the Theoretical Methods
		2.1 Model Building
		2.2 Forward Problem Solving
		2.3 Assessment Criteria
		2.4 Image Reconstruction
	3 Experimental Results and Analysis
		3.1 Excitation Simulation Results
		3.2 Comparison of Reconstructed Images
		3.3 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Estimation
		3.4 Excitation with Adaptive Intervals
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fault Analysis and Simulation Research of Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Fault Profile
		2.1 Pre-Disintegration Test
		2.2 Post-disintegration Inspection
	3 Fault Cause Analysis
		3.1 Macroscopic Inspection
		3.2 Material Analysis
		3.3 Metallographic Examination
	4 Simulation
	5 Preventive Measure
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dual Complex-Coefficient Filter Based Sliding Mode Position Observer for PMSM Drives
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of PMSM
	3 SMO Based Rotor Position Estimation
		3.1 SMO
		3.2 PLL
	4 CCF Based Position Information Enhancement Strategy
		4.1 Rotor Position Estimation
		4.2 Rotor Speed Calculation
	5 Simulation and Experiment
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Automated Extraction of HVCB Mechanical Characteristic Based on Hough Transform and Lucas Kanade Optical Flow
	1 Introduction
	2 Correlation Algorithm Based on Machine Vision
		2.1 Shi-Tomasi Corner Detector
		2.2 Lucas Kanade (LK) Optical Flow Principle
	3 Determine the Location of the Optimal Corner Point
	4 Manual and Automatic Positioning of Corner Points
		4.1 Problem of Deviation Caused by Manual Positioning of Corner Points
		4.2 Automatic Positioning of Optimal Corner Points
	5 Conclusion
	References
Temperature Characteristics of the Conductivity of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid at 10 Hz–100 MHz
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
	3 Sample Collection
	4 Data Processing and Analysis
	5 Result
		5.1 Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Resilience Assessment of Power Transmission Systems Under Extreme Ice Disaster
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of the Impact of Extreme Ice Disaster on Transmission Lines
		2.1 Meteorological Modeling of Extreme Ice Disaster
		2.2 Fault Rate Model of Transmission Line Affected by Disasters
		2.3 System Load Reduction Model
	3 Evaluation Method of Power System Resilience Under Extreme Ice Disaster
		3.1 Resilience Index of Power Transmission Systems
		3.2 Resilience Assessment Flow of Power Transmission Systems
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Attenuates UVB Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Factors
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Cold Plasma Equipment
		2.2 Experimental Animals
		2.3 UVB Irradiation
		2.4 APPJ Treatment
		2.5 Skin Photography
		2.6 Histological Analysis
		2.7 Comparison of Hydroxyproline Content in Skin Tissue
		2.8 Western Blot
		2.9 RNA Extraction and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
		2.10 Statistical Analysis
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 APPJ Treatment Improves Erythema Caused by UVB Irradiation
		3.2 APPJ Treatment Increased Epidermal Thickness and Reduced Wrinkle Formation
		3.3 APPJ Treatment Improved the Decrease of Hydroxyproline Content Caused by UVB Irradiation
		3.4 APPJ Treatment Reduced the Expression of Compensatory Type I Collagen Induced by UVB Irradiation
		3.5 APPJ Treatment Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Factor Release
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cracking Failure Analysis of Tension Clamp and Connecting Tube of ± 800 kV UHV Transmission Line
	1 Introduction
	2 Fault Overview
		2.1 Basic Information of Cracked Tensioning Clamp
		2.2 Basic Information About Cracked Ground Connecting Pipe
	3 Analysis of Cracked Tensioning Clamp and Connecting Pipe
		3.1 Macroscopic Inspection
		3.2 X-ray Detection
		3.3 Penetration Detection
		3.4 Spectral Analysis
		3.5 Microstructure and Fracture Morphology Analysis
		3.6 Waterflood Test
		3.7 Simulation Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	5 Comments and Suggestions
	References
The Segmented Frequency Response Model for Power System with Wind Generations Considering Synthetic Inertia Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthetic Inertia Control of Wind Turbine Generator
	3 The Transfer Function Model for the SFR Considering the Synthetic Inertial Control
		3.1 Transfer Function Model for WTG with Synthetic Inertial Control
		3.2 SFR Model Considering Dynamics of the WTG
	4 Segmented SFR Model Considering the Diversity of Wind Speeds in the Wind Farm
		4.1 Frequency Regulation Exiting Time-Based Clustering Criterion
		4.2 Parameters of the Equivalent WTG and the Segmented SFR Model
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Online Ice Melting Technology Based on Zero Sequence Current
	1 Introduction
	2 Brief Introduction of The Ice Melting Process
		2.1 Calculation of Ice Melting Current
		2.2 Ice Melting Process Operation
	3 Application of Grounding Transformer in Ice Melting Technology
		3.1 Connection of Grounding Transformers
		3.2 Distribution of Positive Sequence and Zero Sequence Current of Grounding Transformers
	4 Distribution of Positive Sequence and Zero Sequence Current in The Ice Melt Process
		4.1 Distribution of The Positive Sequence Current During Ice Melting
		4.2 Distribution of The Zero Sequence Current During Ice Melting
	5 Simulation Analysis of Ice Melting Process
	6 Analysis of Experimental Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Radial Deformation Status Monitoring of Dry-Type Transformer Windings
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Analysis of Radial Deformation of Transformer Windings
	3 Transformer Winding Spoke Deformation Status Monitoring
	4 Deformation Analysis of Windings of Dry Three-Phase Transformers
	5 Experiment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Economic Optimal Scheduling of DC Microgrid Clusters Based on Hierarchical Control
	1 Introduction
	2 DC Microgrid Clusters System Architecture and Data Processing
		2.1 DC Microgrid Clusters System Architecture
		2.2 Data Processing
	3 Day-Ahead Scheduling Model
	4 Improved Droop Control
	5 Simulation
		5.1 Simulation Case I
		5.2 Simulation Case II
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Treatment of Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems of PLC System in Industrial Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Electromagnetic Compatibility in Industrial Field
		2.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems in Industrial Field
		2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
		2.3 EMC Environment of PLC System
	3 EMC Analysis of PLC System
		3.1 Division of PLC Subsystems
		3.2 EMC Characteristics of PLC Subsystems
	4 Principles and Measures for Handling EMC Problems of PLC System
		4.1 Power Subsystems
		4.2 Input/Output Subsystems
		4.3 Communication Subsystems
		4.4 Drive Subsystems
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Sensor Selection Strategy of Lithium Battery Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Equivalent Circuit Model and Parameter Identification
		2.1 Equivalent Circuit Model
		2.2 Online Parameter Identification Based on FFRLS
	3 Battery SOC Estimation Based on EKF Algorithm
	4 Effect of the Sensor Accuracy on the SOC Estimation
		4.1 Influence of Current Sensor Error on SOC Estimation
		4.2 Influence of Voltage Sensor Error on SOC Estimation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Dielectric Properties of Ex Vivo Human Normal Active Liver Tissue in the Frequency Range of 10 Hz to 100 MHz
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Dielectric Property Measurements
		2.3 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 The Influence of Age and Sex on Dielectric Properties
		3.2 Mathematical Modeling
	4 Discussion
	References
A Dual Attention-Based CNN-GRU Model for Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting
	1 Introduction
	2 Principles of Deep Learning Models
		2.1 CNN Principal Structure
		2.2 Gated Recurrent Unit
		2.3 Introduction to Attention Mechanism
	3 CNN-GRU Model Based on a Dual Attention Mechanism
		3.1 Predictive Model Structure
		3.2 Predictive Model Error Metrics
	4 Analysis of the Results of the Calculation Example
		4.1 Experiment’s Introduction
		4.2 Experimental Data Preprocessing
		4.3 Analysis of NSW Dataset Prediction Results
		4.4 Analysis of the Forecast Results of a US Public Institution Dataset
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
On-Line Estimation of Battery SOC Based on Improved EKF in Wide Temperature Range
	1 Introduction
	2 Equivalent Circuit Model
	3 Parameter Estimation Online
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of Intelligent File Management Product Based on Internet of Things Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 System Working Principle
	3 System Hardware Design
		3.1 RFID Smart Cabinet/File Rack Design
		3.2 RFID High Security Access Door
		3.3 RFID File in/Out Workstation
		3.4 RFID File Management Tag
		3.5 Multi-sensor Fusion Equipment
	4 System Software Design
	5 Application Effect
		5.1 Change the Traditional Manual File Management Mode
		5.2 The File Management Data is Fully Integrated
		5.3 Improve the Security of File Management
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Bird Damage Risk Area of Typical 110 kV Substation Frame
	1 Introduction
	2 Establish Simulation Model
		2.1 Basic Parameters of the Model
		2.2 Simulation Loading Conditions
	3 Calculation Results When the Foreign Object is Suspended
		3.1 Risk Area Division Method
		3.2 Analysis of Simulation Results
		3.3 Drawing the Risk Area Map
	4 Calculation Results When One End of the Foreign Object is Overlapped
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of Lentivirus Inhibition by Sub-Microsecond High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Material and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Material
		2.2 Experimental Method
	3 Experimental Results and Analysis
		3.1 Temperature and pH Changes
		3.2 Response Current Waveform Analysis
		3.3 Analysis of the Effect of 24 h Viral Infection
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Joint Probabilistic Assessment Method for Transformer Operation Risk in Distribution Network Considering Correlation Between Wind Power and Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Copula Theory and Correlation Modeling
		2.1 Copula Function
		2.2 Copula Function Selection for Constructing Joint Distribution Model
	3 Hot Spot Temperature Probability Density of Transformer Considering Correlation Between Wind Power and Load
		3.1 Susa Model
		3.2 Joint Probability Model of Transformer Hot Spot Temperature
	4 Thermal Defect Risk Assessment of Transformers
		4.1 Evaluation Indexes of Thermal Defects
		4.2 Monte Carlo Simulation Method
	5 Example Evaluation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Cascaded Three-Vector Model Predictive Control of Open Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of OW-PMSM
	3 Traditional Three Vector Model Predictive Control
		3.1 Vector Distribution and Sector Division
		3.2 Action Time Calculation
		3.3 Expected Voltage Vector Synthesis
	4 Cascaded Three-Vector Model Predictive Control
		4.1 Calculation of Reference Voltage Vector and Sector Selection
		4.2 Action Time and Vector Calculation
		4.3 Zero Voltage Vector Selection
		4.4 The Proposed Method Control Strategy
	5 Simulation Experiment Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Magnetic Particle Imaging Reconstruction Algorithm Based on SRCNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 MPI Theory
		2.2 MPI Algorithm
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Matrix
		3.2 SRCNN
		3.3 MPI
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Data Preprocessing
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on UAV Inspection Electrical Safety Distance of 110 kV Substation Typical Equipment
	1 Introduction
	2 Safety Distance Determination Method
		2.1 Safety Judgment Criteria
		2.2 Simplified Analysis Principle
		2.3 Determination Method
	3 The Simulation of Magnetic Field
		3.1 Modeling and Simplification
		3.2 Simulation of Harmonic Magnetic Field
	4 Safety Distance Determination
		4.1 Analysis of the Effect of UAV Structure on Critical Distance
		4.2 Analysis of Hazardous Area Shape
		4.3 Typical Path Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Sensorless Control Based on Search Coils for Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Mathematical Model of Six-Phase PMSM
	3 Search Coil Principle
		3.1 Search Coils Mathematical Model
		3.2 Rotor Position Estimation Based on Search Coils
	4 Simulation and Experimental Verification
		4.1 Simulation of No-Load Condition
		4.2 Comparative Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
User Reliability Feature Portrait Method Based on Tensor Decomposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Tensor-Based Spatio-Temporal Decomposition of User Data
		2.1 Spatio-Temporal Decomposition of User Data
		2.2 Tensor CP Decomposition
	3 Construction of Power User Portraits
		3.1 User Electricity Characteristic Index
		3.2 Generation of User Portraits
	4 User Portrait Evaluation Model Based on Feature Extraction
		4.1 Qualitative Evaluation Model
		4.2 Quantitative Evaluation Model
	5 Simulation Analysis
		5.1 Power User Data Tensor Decomposition
		5.2 User Reliability Feature Portrait
	6 Conclusion
	References
Risk Management of Power Grid Project Cost Data Based on Block Chain
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Construction Cost Data of Power Grid Project
		2.1 Analysis on Reliability Management of Power Grid Project Cost
		2.2 Block Chain Features and Cost Data Reliability Application Analysis
	3 Risk Analysis Model of Cost Data Based on Block Chain
		3.1 Probability Analysis of Cost Data Change
	4 Reliability Management of Cost Data Based on Blockchain Technology
		4.1 Reliability Management Objectives
		4.2 Cost Data Reliability Management Optimization Algorithm
	5 Example of Engineering
		5.1 Project Case Overview
		5.2 Reliability Calculation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Applied Current Thermoacoustic Imaging Based on Synthetic Receive Aperture
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory and Methods
		2.1 Applied Current Thermoacoustic Imaging
		2.2 Synthetic Receive Aperture Acoustic Source Reconstruction
	3 Simulation
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experimental System
		4.2 Phantom with 1 mm Annular Gap
		4.3 Phantom with ‘TA’ and ‘S’
		4.4 In Vivo Tumor Imaging
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Method of Low Voltage Cable Arc
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Equations
	3 Numerical Modeling
		3.1 Electromagnetic Fluid Coupling
		3.2 Multithread Parallel Computing
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Experimental Study on Damage of Subcellular Structure by High Voltage and Extremely Short Pulse Electric Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Numerical Model and Simulation Establishment
		2.2 Experimental Device
		2.3 Cell Culture
		2.4 Cell Fluorescence Experiment
	3 Results
		3.1 Simulation Results
		3.2 Subcellular Structure
	4 Conclusion
	References
Ultimate Running Time Evaluation of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers for Short-Term Emergency Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Calculation Method of Transformer Hot Spot Temperature Based on Top Oil Temperature
		2.1 Hot Spot Temperature Model Based on Top Oil Temperature
		2.2 Calculation Model of Transformer Limit Running Time
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Calculation of Top Oil Temperature and Winding Hot Spot Temperature
		3.2 Calculation of Operational Limit Time
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Speed Regulation System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Fuzzy Active Disturbance Rejection Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of ADRC Automatic Speed Regulator
	3 Fuzzy Rule Reasoning for NLSEF of ADRC
	4 Experimental Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Model Predictive Current Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Extended Kalman Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Incremental Model Predictive Current Control
		2.1 PMSM Mathematical Model
		2.2 Incremental Prediction Model
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Fast Voltage Vector Selection
		3.2 EKF Identification Based on Incremental State Equation
	4 Simulation and Experimental Verification
		4.1 Simulation Verification
		4.2 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Electricity Price Forecasting Based on Transfer Learning and CNN-LSTM
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Former Method of Electricity Price Prediction
		1.2 Principle of Convolutional Neural Network
		1.3 Principle of LSTM Neural Network
	2 Electricity Price Prediction Model
		2.1 Price Prediction System
		2.2 Basic Prediction of Electricity Price
		2.3 Transfer Learning in Price Prediction
	3 CNN-LSTM Model
	References
Influence of Communication Mode on Differential Protection of Distribution Power Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Delay Jitter Model and Parameters of Communication Modes
		2.1 Delay Jitter Model of 5G
		2.2 Delay Jitter Model of Spread Spectrum Radios
		2.3 Delay Jitter Model of EPON
		2.4 Delay Jitter Model of UV
		2.5 Delay and Jitter Parameters of Communication Modes
	3 Simulation and Result Analysis
		3.1 Simulation Model of Distribution Network
		3.2 Simulation Result Analysis
	4 Application Prospects of the Communication Modes for Differential Protection
		4.1 Performance Comparison of Different Communication Modes
		4.2 Application Prospects
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Fast Extraction Method of Resistive Current of 500 kV Arrester Based on Field Circuit Coupling
	1 Introduction
	2 Field and Circuit Combination Analysis
		2.1 Field Model Construction
		2.2 Circuit Model Construction
	3 Circuit Model Conversion
		3.1 Application of Substitution Theorem
		3.2 Application of Superposition Theorem
	4 Space Capacitance Interference Filtering
		4.1 Analysis of spatial interference related to flange 2
		4.2 Formula Integration
	5 Field Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Low-Carbon Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Energy System with Hydrogen Considering Generalized Integrated Demand Response
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of H2-IES
	3 Model of H2-IES Considering GIDR
		3.1 GIDR Model on the Supply Side
		3.2 GIDR Model on the Demand Side
	4 H2-IES Low-Carbon Optimal Dispatch Model
		4.1 Objective Function
		4.2 Constraints
	5 Case Analysis
		5.1 Parameters Setting
		5.2 Simulation Results and Analysis in Different Scenes
	6 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Experimental Study of VFTO Transient Signals Generated by Considering GIS Disconnect Switch Operation
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Composition of VFTO
		2.2 Influence of VFTO Amplitude
	3 Full Time Simulation of Arcing
		3.1 High Frequency Closure
		3.2 Based on the Principle of Logical Judgment of the Arc-Burning Stage
		3.3 Simulation Result
	4 Measured Arcing Data
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Transformer Vibration Characteristics Based on Electromagnetic-Structure Multiphysics Coupling Method
	1 Introduction
	2 The Vibration Characteristics of the Transformer
		2.1 The Basic Theory of Magnetic Field
		2.2 Vibration Principle of Transformer
	3 The Model Establishment and Parameters Setting
		3.1 The Establishment of the Simulation Model
		3.2 The Setting of the Material Parameters
		3.3 The Grid Subdivision
	4 Simulation Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multi Classes Defects Detection for Substation Maintenance Based on Ensemble Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Substation Operation and Maintenance Scenario Defects Evaluation Method
		2.1 Grouping Strategy Based on Semantic Information Distance
		2.2 Evaluation of Training Difficulty
	3 Ensemble Model Construction and Training
		3.1 Separate Network Training
		3.2 Front-End Network Weight Sharing
		3.3 Alternating Fusion Training
	4 Experiment Results and Analysis
		4.1 Grouping Results
		4.2 Selection of Optimal Sharing Layers
		4.3 Model Performance Comparison
	5 Conclusion
	References
Zero-Carbon Service Area Scheme of Wind Power Solar Energy Storage Charging Pile
	1 Introduction
	2 Overall Architecture Scheme
	3 Zero Carbon Power Design
		3.1 Load Analysis
		3.2 Load Analysis
		3.3 Design Scheme of Integrated Charging Pile System of Optical Storage and Charging
		3.4 Energy Storage System Design Scheme
		3.5 Zero Carbon Smart Platform Solution
		3.6 System Operation
	4 Carbon Offset Means
		4.1 Carbon Can
		4.2 Carbon Verification
		4.3 Carbon Offset
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effects of rTMS on Brain Injury Induced by Cranial Irradiation in Mice
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Animals
		2.2 Protocol of X-ray Irradiation and rTMS Intervention
		2.3 Morris Water Maze (MWM)
		2.4 Novel Object Recognition (NOR) Test
		2.5 The Histological Observation and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
		2.6 TUNEL Staining and Immunofluorescence
		2.7 Western Blotting (WB) Assay
		2.8 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Effects of rTMS on Spatial Learning and Memory Ability of Mice
		3.2 Effects of rTMS on the Hippocampal Histology in RBI Mice
		3.3 Effects of rTMS on Hippocampal Apoptosis of RBI Mice
		3.4 Effects of rTMS on Hippocampal Neurogenesis of Mice with RBI
		3.5 The Effects of rTMS on BDNF-TrkB-CREB Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus of Mice with RBI
	4 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Emission Option Pricing via Monte Carlo Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Carbon Emission Options Elements
	3 Pricing Model of Carbon Emission Option
		3.1 An ARIMA Model Based on Carbon Emission Rights Price Model
		3.2 Carbon Emission Option Model Based on the Monte Carlo Method
	4 Example Analysis
		4.1 Carbon Emission Rights Price Prediction
		4.2 Pricing of Carbon Emission Options
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on the Short Circuit Protection Strategy of High-Power Converter Based IGCT
	1 Introduction
	2 Topological Structure of High-Power IGCT Converter
	3 SC Fault Transient Process Analysis of NPC Bridge Arm
		3.1 Single Device Failure with P Level of Phase Voltage
		3.2 Single Device Failure with O Level of Phase Voltage
	4 SC Fault Protection Strategy Based on the State Prediction
	5 Conclusion
	References
Architecture Design of Network on Chip for Reducing Network Delay by Cellular Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Delay in NoC
	3 Design of NoC by Cellular Genetic Algorithm
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Common Mode Voltage Cancellation Method of PMSM Based on NPC Three Level Inverter
	1 Introduction
	2 ZCMV Algorithm of Three-Level Inverter
		2.1 Vector Assignment Principle of Improved ZCMV Algorithm
	3 Carrier Comparison Implementation of Improved ZCMV Algorithm
	4 PMSM Control Implementation of ZCMV Algorithm
		4.1 Excitation with Fixed Intervals
	5 Simulation Verification of ZCMV Algorithm
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Static Security and Stability of Wind Power and Probabilistic Power Generation System Based on Probabilistic Flow Calculation
	1 Introduction
	2 Probabilistic Power Flow Calculation Method
	3 Probabilistic Model of Wind Power and Photovoltaic Power
		3.1 Photovoltaic Output Model Based on Beta Distribution
		3.2 Probabilistic Model of Wind Turbine Output
	4 Probabilistic Power Flow Calculation Process
	5 Probabilistic Power Flow Calculation of Wind Power and Photovoltaic Power Access System
		5.1 Example Verification
		5.2 Influence of Wind Power and Photovoltaic Permeability on Static Stability
	6 Conclusion
	References
Equivalent Inertia Evaluation Method of Wind Turbine Based on Independent Component Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Grid-Connected Model of Wind Power and Virtual Inertia Control
		2.1 Wind Turbine Model and Power Grid Model
		2.2 Virtual Inertia Control
	3 Evaluation Method of Wind Turbine Equivalent Inertia Based on ICA
		3.1 Principles of ICA Algorithm
		3.2 Evaluation Method of Equivalent Inertia Based on ICA
	4 Simulation Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Solution of Boltzmann Equation Based on Adaptive Physics-Informed Neural Networks (aPINN)
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Case Study on Boltzmann Equation
		3.1 Boltzmann Equation of Electrons in Weakly Ionized Plasma
		3.2 Solve Boltzmann Equation Based on aPINN
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Joint Prediction Method of Multi-State Variables for High-Voltage Cables Based on GRU
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Building
		2.1 Data Preprocessing
		2.2 Prediction Model
		2.3 Evaluation Index
	3 Case Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Different Plate Shapes on the Electric Field in Spherical Medium Under High Voltage Pulse Excitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Computational Models
		2.1 Structure of Pole Plate
		2.2 Excitation Voltage
		2.3 Model of Head
		2.4 Indicators for the Evaluation of Electric Fields
	3 Calculation of the Electric Field
	4 The Effect of the Pole Plate Shape on the Electric Fields
		4.1 Effect of Bending Direction of the Pole Plate on the Electric Field
		4.2 Effect of the Degree of Bending of the Pole Plate on the Electric Field
		4.3 Effect of the Opening Angle of the Pole Plate on the Electric Field
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of a New Two-Degree of Freedom Rotary-Linear Switched Reluctance Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Operation Principle of the DSLR-SRM
		2.1 Structure of the DSLR-SRM
		2.2 Operation principle of the DSLR-SRM
		2.3 Mathematical model of the DSLR-SRM
	3 Sensitivity Analysis of the DSLR-SRM
		3.1 Definition of Comprehensive Sensitivity Index
		3.2 Analysis Results
	4 Effect of the Magnetic Pole Assignment on DSLR-SRM
		4.1 Magnetic Pole Assignment During the Rotary Motion
		4.2 Magnetic Pole Assignment During the Linear Motion
		4.3 Magnetic Pole Assignment During the Helical Motion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Review and Analysis of Non-isolated High Step-Up DC/DC Converter Topologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Switched Capacitor Structure
	3 Switched Inductor Structure
	4 Coupled Inductor Structure
	5 Loss Breakdown Analysis and Comparison on the Above Topologies
		5.1 Loss Breakdown Analysis
		5.2 Efficiency Comparison on the Above Converter Topologies
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study of Speed Control System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Single Current Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of PMSM
	3 Single Current Sensor PMSM Speed Control System
		3.1 Principle of Phase Current Reconstruction Technique
		3.2 SVPWM Control Technology
		3.3 Study on Speed Regulation System of Single Current Sensor PMSM
		3.4 Simulation Research on Speed Regulation System of Single Current Sensor PMSM
	4 Simulation Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Dual-Buck Inverter Control System Based on Posicast Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Topology Modelling
		2.1 Double Buck Inverter Construction
		2.2 System Model
	3 DBI Controller Based on Posicast
		3.1 About Posicast
		3.2 Inverter Resonant Peak Suppression Based on Posicast Control
	4 Experiment Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Research on EZ ESI Technology Based on Equivalent Dipole Model and Realistic Epilepsy Head Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Subjects and Methods
		2.1 Subjects
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Traceability Management Method of Power Grid Engineering Cost Data Based on Blockchain Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Data Traceability Based on Blockchain
	3 Trace the Data Blockchain Structure
	4 Traceability Algorithm and Evaluation
		4.1 Data Trace Index Structure
		4.2 Trace Back Algorithm
		4.3 Retrospective Retrieval Time Evaluation
	5 Application Example Analysis
		5.1 Visa on Site
		5.2 Change in Design
		5.3 Retrospective Time Assessment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Scheduling of the Combined Heat and Power Virtual Power Plant Considering Multiple Types of Uncertainties
	1 Introduction
	2 Operating Process for the CHP Virtual Power Plant
	3 Uncertainty Analysis
		3.1 Market Price Uncertainty
		3.2 Renewable Energy Uncertainty
	4 Optimal Scheduling Modeling
		4.1 Optimization Objectives
		4.2 Constraints
	5 Case Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fault Analysis of Converter Valve Power Module in Flexible Direct Current Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Components of Power Module
		2.1 Parameters of Main Components of Power Module
		2.2 Test of Main Components of Power Module
	3 Failure Cause Analysis
		3.1 Fault Conditions
		3.2 Failure Cause Analysis
	4 Test Validation Study
	5 Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
Design of Remote Fire Monitoring System for Unattended Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Station
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Fire Safety Status of Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Station
		2.1 Introduction to Safety Standards and Specifications for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations
		2.2 Fire Characteristics of Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Station
		2.3 Current Status of Fire-Fighting Facilities Management in Electrochemical Energy Storage Substation
	3 Design of Remote Fire Control System for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Station
		3.1 Development of Characteristic Gas H2 Detection Device
		3.2 Overall Design of Remote Fire Control System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of Phase Shifted Full Bridge Converter for Electron Beam Melting Furnace
	1 Introduction
	2 Circuit Structure and Working Principle
		2.1 Electron Beam Melting Furnace Power Structure
		2.2 Working Principle of Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter
	3 High Voltage Transformer Design
		3.1 Core Selection
		3.2 Calculate the Number of Turns in the Primary and Secondary Windings
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Summarize
	References
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control Based on Improved Fuzzy Sliding Mode Observer
	1 Introduction
	2 PMSM Mathematical Model
	3 Design of Sliding Mode Observer
		3.1 Traditional Sliding Mode Observer Design
		3.2 Improvement of Traditional Sliding Mode Observer
		3.3 Lyapunov Stability Proof
	4 Fuzzy Controller Design
	5 Simulation Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Capacitor Based Discharge Self-heating Method for Lithium-Ion Battery at Low Temperature
	1 Introduction
	2 Internal Self-heating
		2.1 Internal Self-heating Method
		2.2 Lumped Thermal Model
	3 Heating Topology Design
	4 Performance Analysis
		4.1 Loop Internal Resistance Analysis
		4.2 Switch Performance Analysis
		4.3 Heating Efficiency Analysis
	5 Modeling and Simulation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Submarine Cable Condition Monitoring Technology Based on Optical Fiber Sensing
	1 Introduction
	2 Fiber Optic Sensor Technology Design Principle
		2.1 Brillouin Scattering Principle
		2.2 OTDR Principle
	3 Submarine Cable Condition Monitoring System and Application
		3.1 110 KV Jigui Line Submarine Cable Laying
		3.2 Submarine Cable Condition Monitoring System Components
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Influence of Seasonal Factors on the Performance of Oil Tank Grounding System
	1 Introduction
	2 Grounding System Simulation
	3 Influence of the Rainy Season on the Grounding System
		3.1 Grounding Resistance in Rainy Season
	4 Touch Voltage and Step Voltage in Rainy Season
	5 Influence of Frozen Soil on the Grounding System
		5.1 Grounding Resistance in Frozen Soil
		5.2 Touch Voltage and Step Voltage in Frozen Soil
	6 Improvement Measures
		6.1 Raise the Touch Voltage Limit Value
		6.2 Reduce the Grounding Resistance
	7 Conclusion
	References
Fusion Design and Test of RFID Passive Wireless Moisture Sensor and Cable Intermediate Connector Protection Box
	1 Introduction
	2 Passive Wireless Moisture Sensor and Its Installation Method
	3 Simulation of Electric Field and Temperature Field
		3.1 Simulation Parameters and Models
		3.2 Electric Field Simulation
		3.3 Temperature Field Simulation
	4 Testing and Analysis
		4.1 Transmission Distance
		4.2 Working Temperature
		4.3 Protection Performance
		4.4 Long Term Immersion Performance
	5 Engineering Application
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Insulation Properties of Trans-HFO-1336mzz Mixtures
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 DC Breakdown Characteristics of Various Gases
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on High-Speed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor with High Power Density
	1 Introduction
	2 Comparative Analysis of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor with Sine Wave Back EMF and Trapezoidal Wave Back EMF Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
	3 Optimization of Trapezoidal Back EMF Based on Halbach Magnet Structure
	4 Experiment
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm and Its Application on ELD
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Description of the ELD Problem
		2.2 Whale Optimization Algorithm
	3 Standard Function Test
		3.1 Optimization of Economic Load Distribution in Power
	4 Conclusions
	References
Transformer Operating State Prediction Method Based on Combined Modal Decomposition and Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Set Empirical Modal Decomposition-Wavelet Packet Decomposition
		2.1 Set Empirical Modal Decomposition
		2.2 Wavelet Packet Decomposition
	3 Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit Prediction Model
		3.1 Convolutional Neural Networks
		3.2 Gated Circulation Unit
	4 Hybrid Predictive Models and Error Evaluation
		4.1 CMD-CNN-GRU Hybrid Predictive Model
		4.2 Model Judging Criteria
	5 Model Parameters Selected
		5.1 Model Judging Criteria
		5.2 The Number of EEMD Decompositions is Determined
		5.3 The Number of WPD Decomposition Layers is Determined
	6 Example Analysis
		6.1 Validation of the Validity of Combined Modal Decomposition
		6.2 CNN-GRU Validity Verification
	7 Conclusions
	References
Simulation Analysis of Electromagnetic Compatibility Performance of a Network Connector
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Contents of Electromagnetic Compatibility
	3 The Network Connector Model
	4 Simulation of EMC Performance Parameters
		4.1 CST Simulation Process of Radiation Sensitivity RS
		4.2 CST Simulation Scheme
	5 Simulation Results and Analysis
		5.1 Radiation Susceptibility RS and Shielding Effectiveness SE
		5.2 Radar Cross Section RCS
		5.3 Surface Current SC
		5.4 Effect of Probe Monitor Position on SE
		5.5 Effect of Excitation Source Intensity on SE
		5.6 Effect of Polarization Mode of Excitation Source on SE
		5.7 Effect of Metal Shell Material on SE
	6 Conclusions
	References
Three-Mode Peak Current Control Strategy for the Four-Switch Buck-Boost Converter
	1 Introduction
	2 Three-Mode Peak Current Control Strategy for FSBB Converter
		2.1 Operating Principle
	3 System Stability Analysis
	4 Simulation Validation
		4.1 Mode Switching Simulation
		4.2 Stability Simulation Analysis
	5 Experimental Verification
		5.1 Mode Switching Experiment
		5.2 Stability Analysis Experiment
	6 Conclusions
	References
Fault Section Location Method for Distribution Network Based on Characteristic Coefficient Matrix
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction of Fault Section Location Criteria
		2.1 The Definition of Characteristic Coefficient
	3 Construction of Fault Discrimination Matrix
	4 Fault Section Location Criteria
	5 Simulation Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References