The Power and Value of Music: Its Effect and Ethos in Classical Authors and Contemporary Music Theory

Cover
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Preface
Abbreviations
Chapter One: Introduction
	Good and Bad Music—An Old and New Debate
	Challenges to Explain the Power of Music
	Terminological Clarifications About the Value of Music
		Music
		Purpose and Function
		The Value of Music
		“Good” and “Bad”
		Musical Ethos
		Summary
	Reasons for Studying Greek and Roman Sources
	Recent Interest and Progress in Understanding the Power of Music
	The Prospective of the Present Work
Chapter Two: The Effect of Music in Greek and Latin Literature
	What Music Does—Phenomenological Survey
		The Place of Music in Greek and Roman Culture
		When, How, and to What Effect Music Is Used
			The Iliad and the Odyssey
				The Iliad
				The Odyssey
			Antiquity in General
				Festivities
				Death and Drama
				Social Settings
				Work and War
				Music for Change
				Aesthetics?
				Summary
	Characterizing Music
		Parameters for the Term Survey
		Characteristics of Positive or Neutral Value
			Good and Beautiful
			Graceful and Lovely
			Pleasant and Sweet
			Soft, Fine, Delicate
			Learned and Skilfull
			Orderly, Harmonious, Noble
			Divine and Devout
			Splendid, Marvelous, and New
			Clear, Shrill, Resounding, and Loud
			Happy and Joyful
			Rousing and Wild
			Varia
			Music Images
			Conclusion
		Characteristics of Negative Value
			Bad, Immoral, and Immoderate
			Sad, Mournful, and Miserable
			Destructive and Terrible
			Piercing, Harsh, and Shrill
			Loud
			Ignorant and Discordant
			Dangerous
			Conclusion
Chapter Three: The Impact and Value of Music According to Ancient Theorists
	Introduction
		Prefatory Remarks
		Preliminary Survey of Authors and Currents
	The Debate About Musical Decadence
		The Emergence of “New Music”
		Aristophanes
		Hellenism
		Pseudo-Plutarch
		Athenaeus
		Development in Roman Times
		Conclusion
	Music and Cosmos—Musical Ethos in  Education and Therapy
		The Pythagoreans
		Damon
		Plato
			The “Ethical Triangle” in Plato’s Educational System
			The Proper Measure
			Conservatism to Foster Order in Soul and State
			Good Music and How to Achieve It; Bad Music
			Mimēsis
			Music, Cosmos, and the Soul
			Conclusions and Questions
		Plutarch
			Music Excesses at Symposia
			The Spartan Tradition
			Moderation and Mimēsis
		Strabo
		Nicomachus
		Ptolemy
		Plotinus
	Empirical Approach to Musical Ethos
		Aristotle
			Functions and Ethos of Music
			Good and Bad Music
			Pitch and Timbre Evaluated
			Summary
		The Pseudo-Aristotelian Problemata
			Ethos in Movement
			Why Music Is Enjoyable: Order, Balance, Appropriateness
		Theophrastus
		Aristoxenus
		Polybius
		Dio Chrysostom
		Cleonides
		Dionysius of Halicarnassus
		Hippocrates
		Philostratus
	Musical Ethos Questioned
		The Hibeh Papyrus
		Philodemus
			Diogenes of Babylon About the Usefulness of Music, as Presented by Philodemus
			Philodemus About the Uselessness of Music, Except for Pleasure
			The Question Whether Music Has Value
		Sextus Empiricus
		Conclusion
	Musical Effect and Ethos in the Latin Tradition
		Cicero
		Seneca
		Quintilian
		Censorinus
		Aphthonius
		Calcidius
		Favonius
		Macrobius
	Ethos and Cosmos Revisited
		Aristides Quintilianus
			Importance and Usefulness of Music—General Considerations
			Music, Ethos, and Pathos—Education and Therapy
			Musical Ethos—Its Inner Workings
			Cosmic Order Through Music
			Evaluation
				Metaphysics of Ethos
				Male-Female
				Conclusion
			Martianus Capella
			Boethius
	Early Christian Contributions on Musical Ethos
		Clement of Alexandria
			The New Song
			Musical Ethos in Christian Education
		Basil of Caesarea
		John Chrysostom
		Augustine
			Aequalitas—Music as a Path to God
			Dangers and Benefits From Musical Delights
		Cassiodorus
			A Compendium of Musical Lore
			The Blessings of Music
		Isidore
		Christian Music Practice and Criticism
	Conclusion
Chapter Four: The Value of Music in Systematic Analysis
	Philosophical and Psychological Considerations
		Basic Questions
			Music
			Ethos
				Human and Non-Human Ethos
				Ethos Formation
				Ethos and Ethics
				Musical Ethos
				Collective Ethos
		Factors Modifying the Impact of Music
			Musical Event
			Recipient
			Environment
		The Impact of Music on the Human Person
			Music and the Body
			Music and Intellect
			Music and Emotions
				Emotions
				Musically Induced Emotions
				Mechanisms to Induce Emotion.
				Conditions for Creating Musical Ethos
				Creating Musical Ethos
				Musical Emotions
				Musical and Ordinary Emotions.
				Emotional Contagion or Attraction
				Aesthetic Experience as a Musical Emotion Beyond Ethos
				The Whole of Emotion in Music
				Human Ethos Through Musical Emotion
				Summary
			Music and Pleasure
		Value Judgments on Musical Ethos
			Good and Bad Emotions
			Judging Musical Ethos
			Intrinsically Good or Bad Music?
				Conditions for Intrinsic Value
				Consonance vs. Dissonance.
		The Central Place of Harmony
			The Harmonic Triangle
			The Prominence of Music Through Harmony
	Contributions From Music Therapy
		Origins
		Music Therapy and the Question of Good and Bad Music
Chapter Five: Conclusion
Appendix: Synoptic Tables of References
	Good Effects in Music (English)
	Good Effects in Music (Original Language)
	Bad Effects in Music (English)
	Bad Effects in Music (Original Language)
Bibliography
	General Works of Reference
	Primary Texts of Classical Authors
	Secondary Texts on Antiquity
	Contemporary Publications
Index of Names
Index of Subjects