The Political Economy of Risk and Choice in Senegal

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
MAP......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
I. THE STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY......Page 14
II. AN OVERVIEW OF SENEGALESE AGRICULTURAL POLICY SINCE 1960......Page 15
NOTES......Page 19
II. CLIMATIC SHOCKS......Page 20
III. EFFECTS OF WEATHER ON CROP YIELDS......Page 23
V. TRANSMISSION OF RAINFALL SHOCKS TO OTHER SECTORS......Page 29
VI. INTERNATIONAL PRICE VARIABILITY......Page 34
VII. STABEX......Page 37
NOTES......Page 38
II. PRODUCTION UNITS AND CONSUMPTION UNITS......Page 40
III. OFF-FARM REVENUES......Page 44
IV. THE MILLET-RICE-GROUNDNUT TRIANGLE......Page 47
VI. THE IMPROVIDENT PEASANT......Page 49
VII. CONCLUSION......Page 51
NOTES......Page 52
A. Types of Loans......Page 53
B. Interest Rates......Page 54
D. Regional and Ethnic Contrasts......Page 56
A. Interest......Page 57
D. Cash savings......Page 58
F. Savings Clubs......Page 59
J. Seed......Page 60
III. SUMMARY—INFORMAL MARKETS......Page 61
CHAPTER THREE Senegal’s Cooperative Experience, 1907–1960......Page 62
I. PROVIDENT SOCIETIES AND THE DEPRESSION......Page 67
World War II......Page 70
II. THE LIBERAL ERA, 1947–1960......Page 73
CONCLUSION......Page 75
NOTES......Page 76
A. African Socialism, Circulaire 32, and the Cooperative Movement......Page 78
B. The Big Push: 1960–1962......Page 79
C. Consolidation, Stagnation, and Reorientation: 1963–1966......Page 80
E. The Rural Development Debate and the Last Days of ONCAD......Page 82
II. THE EVOLUTION OF THE SENEGALESE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN THE 1980s......Page 84
C. The Cooperative Service and the Devolution of Middleman Functions to the Cooperative Movement......Page 87
E. Role of the Cooperative Service and the RDAs in Servicing the Cooperative Movement......Page 88
F. The Cooperative Service and Cooperative Education and Training......Page 89
A. Leadership and Participation in the Cooperative Movement: Old Wine in New Bottles?......Page 90
D. Preconditions for Autogestion and Grassroots Control over the Cooperative Movement......Page 91
NOTES......Page 93
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE GOVERNMENT CREDIT PROGRAMS......Page 95
III. THE FARMERS’ PERSPECTIVE: POTENTIAL BENEFITS FROM FINANCIAL MARKETS......Page 98
A. Risk Management......Page 99
B. Profit......Page 100
C. Allocation of Resources......Page 101
IV. INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 102
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 106
CHAPTER SIX Dimensions of State Intervention in the Groundnut Basin......Page 109
I. THE STATE CONNECTION......Page 110
II. THE SATEC EXPERIENCE......Page 111
III. SODEVA......Page 114
IV. ELEMENTS FOR THE MISE EN VALEUR OF THE GROUNDNUT BASIN......Page 118
A. Appropriate Production and Management Units......Page 119
1. Seed Stocks......Page 120
2. Fertilizers and Fallows......Page 121
4. Herd Management......Page 122
5. Village Woods and Village Vegetable Plots......Page 123
C. Diversification......Page 124
NOTES......Page 125
II. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK......Page 126
Commerce......Page 127
III. EVALUATION OF PRICING DECISIONS......Page 129
APPENDIX A Supporting Tables......Page 131
APPENDIX B Institutions and Other Places Visited During One Year of Field Work and Writing of Report......Page 135
NOTES......Page 136
A. Overview of a two-tier model......Page 137
B. Effective exchange rates......Page 139
D. Fixed exchange rates......Page 140
A. The Franc Zone: tradition or choice?......Page 142
B. Monetary allocations in UMOA: the fall and rise of Senegal’s share......Page 144
C. Simplified Effective Exchange Rates......Page 146
D. Trade Patterns: the fall and rise of France’s share......Page 147
E. Nominal Stability and Real Volatility......Page 148
IV. CONCLUSION......Page 150
NOTES......Page 151
The monetary allocation rule......Page 155
A fixed versus a flexible exchange rate regime......Page 156
NOTES......Page 157
B. The scale of aid......Page 158
C. The cast of donors......Page 159
A. The legacy of a top-heavy bureaucracy......Page 161
C. French cushioning......Page 162
F. The good luck factor......Page 163
III. GROWING RECOGNITION OF THE NEED FOR STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT......Page 164
B. Competing reactions......Page 165
IV. THE BANK, THE FUND, AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, 1979–84......Page 167
B. Senegal’s Commitments......Page 168
C. Implementation and non-implementation......Page 169
D. Stalemate over agricultural reform......Page 170
E. Net Assessment......Page 171
V. THE FLOW OF EXTERNAL RESOURCES—AND DONOR COORDINATION......Page 172
A. Aid impacts......Page 173
B. Donor coordination......Page 175
VI. EPILOGUE......Page 176
NOTES......Page 177
Notes on Sources......Page 178
The Authors......Page 179
Bibliography......Page 180
Index......Page 188