The Physics of Information Technology

Cover......Page __sk_0000.djvu
Copyright......Page __sk_0006.djvu
Contents......Page __sk_0009.djvu
Preface......Page __sk_0015.djvu
1 Introduction......Page __sk_0017.djvu
2.1 Units......Page __sk_0019.djvu
2.2 Particles and Forces......Page __sk_0023.djvu
2.3 Orders of Magnitude......Page __sk_0026.djvu
2.4 Selected References......Page __sk_0028.djvu
2.5 Problems......Page __sk_0029.djvu
3.1.1 Expectation Values......Page __sk_0030.djvu
3.1.2 Spectral Theorems......Page __sk_0031.djvu
3.2.2 Poisson......Page __sk_0034.djvu
3.2.3 Gaussian......Page __sk_0035.djvu
3.2.4 Central Limit Theorem......Page __sk_0037.djvu
3.3.1 Shot Noise......Page __sk_0038.djvu
3.3.2 Johnson Noise......Page __sk_0039.djvu
3.3.3 1/f Noise and Switching Noise......Page __sk_0040.djvu
3.3.4 Amplifier Noise......Page __sk_0041.djvu
3.4.1 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics......Page __sk_0043.djvu
3.4.2 Equipartition Theorem......Page __sk_0046.djvu
3.4.3 Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem......Page __sk_0047.djvu
3.5 Selected References......Page __sk_0050.djvu
3.6 Problems......Page __sk_0051.djvu
4.1 Information......Page __sk_0052.djvu
4.2 Channel Capacity......Page __sk_0056.djvu
4.3 The Gaussian Channel......Page __sk_0058.djvu
4.4 Fisher Information......Page __sk_0061.djvu
4.5 Information and Thermodynamics......Page __sk_0064.djvu
4.7 Problems......Page __sk_0065.djvu
5.1.1 Vectors......Page __sk_0067.djvu
5.1.2 Differential Operators......Page __sk_0069.djvu
5.1.3 Integral Relationships......Page __sk_0071.djvu
5.2.1 Electrostatics......Page __sk_0072.djvu
5.2.2 Magnetostatics......Page __sk_0076.djvu
5.2.3 Multipoles......Page __sk_0079.djvu
5.3.1 Maxwell\'s Equations......Page __sk_0082.djvu
5.3.2 Boundary Conditions......Page __sk_0084.djvu
5.3.3 Electromagnetic Units......Page __sk_0086.djvu
5.4.1 Waves......Page __sk_0087.djvu
5.4.2 Electromagnetic Energy......Page __sk_0088.djvu
5.6 Problems......Page __sk_0090.djvu
6.1.1 Current and Voltage......Page __sk_0092.djvu
6.1.3 Resistance......Page __sk_0093.djvu
6.1.5 Capacitance......Page __sk_0095.djvu
6.1.6 Inductance......Page __sk_0096.djvu
6.2.1 Skin Depth......Page __sk_0097.djvu
6.2.2 Transmission Lines......Page __sk_0099.djvu
6.2.3 Wave Solutions......Page __sk_0101.djvu
6.2.4 Reflections and Terminations......Page __sk_0103.djvu
6.3.1 Governing Equations......Page __sk_0106.djvu
6.3.2 Rectangular Waveguides......Page __sk_0108.djvu
6.3.4 Dielectric Waveguides and Fiber Optics......Page __sk_0109.djvu
6.4 Selected References......Page __sk_0111.djvu
6.5 Problems......Page __sk_0112.djvu
7.1 Time-Dependent Potentials......Page __sk_0114.djvu
7.2.1 Infinitesimal Length......Page __sk_0118.djvu
7.2.2 Finite Length......Page __sk_0120.djvu
7.3 Duality and Reciprocity......Page __sk_0122.djvu
7.4 Antenna Types......Page __sk_0125.djvu
7.6 Problems......Page __sk_0127.djvu
8.1 Reflection and Refraction......Page __sk_0128.djvu
8.2 Geometrical Optics......Page __sk_0133.djvu
8.2.1 Ray Matrices......Page __sk_0135.djvu
8.2.2 Optical Transforms......Page __sk_0136.djvu
8.3 Beyond Geometrical Optics......Page __sk_0138.djvu
8.5 Problems......Page __sk_0142.djvu
9.1 Matched Filters and Synthetic Lenses......Page __sk_0144.djvu
9.2 Coherent Imaging......Page __sk_0147.djvu
9.3 Computed Tomography......Page __sk_0150.djvu
9.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page __sk_0151.djvu
9.5 Inverse Problems......Page __sk_0154.djvu
9.7 Problems......Page __sk_0155.djvu
10.1 Quantum Statistical Mechanics......Page __sk_0157.djvu
10.2 Electronic Structure......Page __sk_0159.djvu
10.3 Junctions, Diodes, and Transistors......Page __sk_0167.djvu
10.4 Logic......Page __sk_0172.djvu
10.5 Limits......Page __sk_0177.djvu
10.7 Problems......Page __sk_0179.djvu
11.1.1 Incandescence......Page __sk_0181.djvu
11.1.2 Luminescence: LEDs, Lasers, and Flat Panels......Page __sk_0183.djvu
11.2 Detection......Page __sk_0188.djvu
11.3.1 Polarization......Page __sk_0193.djvu
11.3.2 Liquid Crystals......Page __sk_0195.djvu
11.3.3 Smoke and Mirrors......Page __sk_0199.djvu
11.5 Problems......Page __sk_0202.djvu
12.1 Magnetism......Page __sk_0203.djvu
12.1.1 Diamagnetism......Page __sk_0205.djvu
12.1.2 Paramagnetism......Page __sk_0206.djvu
12.1.3 Ferro-, Antiferro-, and Ferri-magnetism......Page __sk_0208.djvu
12.2.1 Magnetic Media......Page __sk_0213.djvu
12.2.2 Magnetic Recording......Page __sk_0214.djvu
12.2.3 Recording Systems......Page __sk_0216.djvu
12.4 Problems......Page __sk_0217.djvu
13.1.1 Amplifiers......Page __sk_0219.djvu
13.1.2 Grounding, Shielding, and Leads......Page __sk_0223.djvu
13.1.3 Bridges......Page __sk_0225.djvu
13.2.1 Synchronous Detection......Page __sk_0227.djvu
13.2.2 Phase Detection and Encoding......Page __sk_0229.djvu
13.2.3 Spread Spectrum......Page __sk_0232.djvu
13.2.4 Digitization......Page __sk_0236.djvu
13.3.1 Compression......Page __sk_0238.djvu
13.3.2 Error Correction......Page __sk_0241.djvu
13.3.3 Channel Coding......Page __sk_0243.djvu
13.3.4 Cryptography......Page __sk_0244.djvu
13.5 Problems......Page __sk_0245.djvu
14.1 Many-Body Effects......Page __sk_0247.djvu
14.1.1 Superconductivity......Page __sk_0248.djvu
14.1.2 SQUIDs......Page __sk_0251.djvu
14.2 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics......Page __sk_0252.djvu
14.2.1 Thermoelectricity......Page __sk_0255.djvu
14.2.2 Piezoelectricity......Page __sk_0258.djvu
14.3.1 Clocks......Page __sk_0259.djvu
14.3.2 Time......Page __sk_0262.djvu
14.3.3 Position......Page __sk_0265.djvu
14.5 Problems......Page __sk_0267.djvu
15 Quantum Computing and Communications......Page __sk_0268.djvu
15.1.1 States and Operators......Page __sk_0269.djvu
15.1.2 Angular Momentum......Page __sk_0274.djvu
15.1.3 Density Matrices......Page __sk_0279.djvu
15.2 Information......Page __sk_0282.djvu
15.3.1 Cryptography......Page __sk_0285.djvu
15.3.2 Circuits......Page __sk_0286.djvu
15.3.3 Teleportation......Page __sk_0287.djvu
15.3.4 Error Correction......Page __sk_0289.djvu
15.4 Computation......Page __sk_0291.djvu
15.4.1 Searching......Page __sk_0292.djvu
15.4.2 Transforms and Factoring......Page __sk_0294.djvu
15.4.3 Simulation......Page __sk_0297.djvu
15.4.4 Experimental Implementation......Page __sk_0298.djvu
15.5 Selected References......Page __sk_0300.djvu
15.6 Problems......Page __sk_0301.djvu
A1.2 Interactions, Units, and Magnitudes......Page __sk_0302.djvu
A1.3 Noise in Physical Systems......Page __sk_0307.djvu
A1.4 Information in Physical Systems......Page __sk_0312.djvu
A1.5 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves......Page __sk_0316.djvu
A1.6 Circuits, Transmission Lines, and Wave Guides......Page __sk_0321.djvu
A1.7 Antennas......Page __sk_0325.djvu
A1.8 Optics......Page __sk_0327.djvu
A1.9 Lensless Imaging and Inverse Problems......Page __sk_0333.djvu
A1.10 Semiconductor Materials and Devices......Page __sk_0338.djvu
A1.11 Generating, Modulating, and Detecting Light......Page __sk_0343.djvu
A1.12 Magnetic Storage......Page __sk_0346.djvu
A1.13 Measurement and Coding......Page __sk_0350.djvu
A1.14 Transducers......Page __sk_0354.djvu
A1.15 Quantum Computing and Communication......Page __sk_0358.djvu
Bibliography......Page __sk_0363.djvu
Index......Page __sk_0378.djvu