The Philosophy of Ortega y Gasset Reevaluated

Introduction
Contents
“Spain Is the Problem; Europe Is the Solution”
	1 The Krausist Movement
	2 The Generation of ‘98
	3 Europe as the Solution
	4 Ortega’s Early Political Ideas
	5 Ortega’s Initial Philosophy of Human Life
	References
Ortega and Germany
	1 Germany: A Country That Works
	2 The Meditations on Quixote
	3 Neokantian Aesthetics
	4 The Overcoming of Neokantianism
	5 The Genesis of the Meditations: Papers and Conferences from 1913
	6 Ortega’s Philosophy of Culture at the Time of the Meditations
	7 Final Remarks
	References
Ortega, Phenomenology and Idealism
	1 Ortega’s Philosophy in 1929
	2 An Alternative Path?
	3 What Does It Mean to Be Disoriented? Kinds of Disorientation
	4 The Principles of Metaphysics: The Later Lessons
	5 Why Has Idealism Failed?
	References
Phenomenology Revisited
	1 Ortega’s Second Critique of Phenomenological Idealism
	2 Phenomenological Idealism Revisited
	3 Ortega’s Radical Point of Departure
	References
Ortega’s Social Philosophy
	1 The Phenomenological Relevance of the Concept of Mass-Man
	2 Can We Speak of a Contribution of Ortega to the Social Sciences?
	3 Deficient Human Types: Dissection of the Mass-Man
	4 Ortega’s Social Ontology
	5 Social, Transindividual, and Individual
	6 Social Acts and the Consciousness That “I Can”
	References
Ortega’s Philosophical Anthropology
	1 Man’s Need for Security
	2 The Neokantian Philosophy of Man
	3 The Virtual
	4 The Embodied Self and Other Embodied Selves
	5 Science, Life, and Authenticity
	6 Individual Life as a Philosophical Problem
	7 Final Remarks
	References
Ortega’s Aesthetics
	1 Introduction
	2 The Idea of Art and Aesthetics in the Young Ortega
	3 Ortega’s Meditations on Aesthetics in the Light of Phenomenology
	4 Language, Metaphor, and Irony
	5 The Dehumanizing Aesthetics of New Art in the 1920s
		5.1 The Role of Theater as Unrealization and the Actor as Universal Metaphor
		5.2 Avant-Garde Music in Ortega’s Aesthetics
		5.3 Ortega’s Last Writings on Art (1950–1954), Under the Principles of Vital and Historical Reasons
	6 Conclusions
	References
Ortega’s Exiles
	1 The Escape from Spain
	2 Ortega in France
	3 The Beginning of the Argentinian Exile
	4 El Hombre y la Gente
	5 Historical Reason: The Last Lecture in the Faculty of Arts of Buenos Aires
	6 Argentinian Deceptions: The Return to Europe
	References
Historical Reason
	1 Introduction: Why Is Reason “Historical” and History “Rational”?
	2 History as Tradition and as Innovation
	3 How Rational Historical Events Are?
	4 Is There a Historical A Priori?
	5 The Concept of Generation
	6 Perspectivism
	7 Meaning in History
	References
Epilogue
	1 Ortega’s System of Philosophy
	2 Ortega and Politics: A Philosopher in Partibus Infidelium?
	3 The Relevance of Ortega’s Legacy
	References
Index