The Petroleum Handbook

Front Cover......Page 1
The Petroleum Handbook......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 10
Foreword......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
Petroleum......Page 20
The significance of oil and gas......Page 21
The oil industry today......Page 29
Future prospects......Page 35
Projection of future energy requirements......Page 38
The financial implications of the energy prospect......Page 39
The petroleum industry and the future......Page 42
Their significance......Page 44
Oil development in the USSR......Page 45
Soviet natural gas resources......Page 47
Future prospects for oil and gas in the USSR......Page 49
Soviet energy exports......Page 52
China......Page 53
Introduction......Page 54
Exploration......Page 55
Production......Page 91
Engineering drilling and production operations......Page 141
Economic financial and other aspects of exploration and production activities......Page 201
World oil and gas reserves......Page 233
Introduction......Page 240
Hydrocarbons......Page 241
Non-hydrocarbons......Page 244
Hydrocarbon reactions......Page 248
Types of crude oil......Page 252
Manufacturing activities......Page 254
Distillation......Page 259
Solvent extraction......Page 276
Crystallisation and adsorption......Page 282
Reforming......Page 287
Isomerisation......Page 295
Thermal cracking......Page 298
Catalytic cracking......Page 303
Hydrocracking......Page 313
Alkylation......Page 319
Polymerisation......Page 322
Hydrotreating......Page 325
Gasoline treating......Page 333
Kerosine treating......Page 335
Gas treating and sulphur recovery......Page 337
Treating of base oils......Page 342
Bitumen blowing......Page 344
Energy management in refineries......Page 346
Process control and systems technology......Page 350
Protecting the environment......Page 354
Safety......Page 361
Static electricity in petrolum liquids......Page 364
Marketing organisation......Page 368
Distribution and storage of oil products......Page 393
Planning a distribution system......Page 394
Oil products application specification and testing......Page 405
Marine......Page 498
Pipelines......Page 515
What is natural gas......Page 528
Exploration and production......Page 529
World reserves......Page 531
Consumption of natural gas......Page 533
Transport of natural gas......Page 549
LNG shipping and terminalling......Page 558
Distribution and marketing......Page 560
Development of the international gas trade......Page 570
Natural gas liquids and gas-derived liquid fuels......Page 574
The future......Page 578
Introduction......Page 582
Factors and constraints in oil supply......Page 583
The oil supply scene post-1973: fragmented with diminishing flexibility......Page 591
The supply system in the early 1980s......Page 593
The origin of petrochemicals......Page 596
The importance of petrochemicals......Page 598
Manufacture......Page 604
The future......Page 615
Introduction......Page 618
Characteristics of unconventional raw materials......Page 619
Characteristics of synfuels......Page 623
The status of the technology......Page 626
Ranking the options......Page 630
Future outlook......Page 634
Introduction......Page 636
Exploration and production......Page 637
Manufacturing......Page 640
Oil products......Page 644
Chemical processes and products......Page 647
Natural gas......Page 649
Transport storage and handling......Page 651
Patents......Page 652
Introduction......Page 656
Exploration and production......Page 658
Transportation and storage of crude oil and gas......Page 663
Oil refineries and petrochemical plants......Page 672
Distribution and marketing......Page 678
Industry associations......Page 681
Note on units of measurement in the world energy industry......Page 682
Glossary......Page 688
Subject Index......Page 718