The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I

The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I, 2nd Edition
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Map and List of Illustrations
Notes and Abbreviations
Alphabetical List of Near Eastern Texts
Alphabetical List of Greek and Roman Authors
Glossary
Notes on Near Eastern Sources
Notes on Greek and Roman Authors
Babylonian and Old Persian Calendars
Weights and Measures
Chronology of Persian Kings
Family Tree of the Persian Royal Family
Brief Outline of the History of the Achaemenid Empire
Map of the Persian Empire
Part I. The Rise of Persia
Note A The Near Eastern Sources
Note B Herodotus’ Contribution to Persian History
1.1. Cyrus I
	The seal and inscription of Cyrus (PFS 93)
1.2. The Inscriptions of Ariaramnes and Arsames
	Inscription of Ariaramnes from Hamadan
	Inscription of Arsames from Hamadan
1.3. Cyrus II
	Cyrus’ inscription from Pasargadae, in the plain of Murghab
	The Persian tribes
	The upbringing of Cyrus
	The conquests of Cyrus
		The Nabonidus Chronicle
		The Cyrus Cylinder
	Greek evidence for Cyrus’ campaigns
	The tomb of Cyrus
1.4. Cambyses II
	First Babylonian document dated to the reign of Cambyses
	Documents from Egypt
		Hieroglyphic seal inscription of Cambyses
		Hieroglyphic inscription of Udjahorresnet
		Epitaph for the Apis bull interred in the Serapeum in Memphis in 524
		Inscription on the sarcophagus of the Apis bull
		Greek evidence on the killing of the Apis bull
		Demotic document from Egypt on financial administration under Cambyses
	The African expeditions of Cambyses
	The death of Cambyses
1.5. Bardiya
	Bardiya, full brother of Cambyses
	Gaumata, calling himself Bardiya
	The ‘usurper’ Bardiya
	Babylonian documents dating Bardiya’s acceptance in Babylon
Part II. The Persian Empire under the first three Achaemenid Kings
2.1. Darius I
	Seal and inscription of Darius
	The Bisitun Inscription
	Darius’ Foundation Charter from Susa
	Inscription from Susa
	Inscription from Mount Elvand
	First inscription from Naqš-e Rustam
	Darius and Egypt
		Inscription of Darius’ statue from Heliopolis, found in Susa
		Hieroglyphic inscription on the base of Darius’ statue from Susa
		Epitaph for the Apis bull interred in 518
		Stele from Red Sea Canal
		Greek evidence for the Red Sea Canal
		Hieroglyphic inscription of Udjahorresnet
		Demotic papyrus from Egypt
	Darius and Greece
2.2. Xerxes I
	Seal and Inscription of Xerxes from Dascylium
	Seal and Inscription of Xerxes from Egypt
	Inscription from Persepolis
	Inscription from Lake Van
	Inscription from Mount Elvand
	Babylonian document for Belšimanni
	The Median War
	Medising
	Greek evidence for the death of Xerxes
2.3. Artaxerxes I
	Inscription from Persepolis
	Inscription on a silver dish
	Vase inscription
	Documents from Egypt
	Greek evidence for the reign of Artaxerxes
		Accession of Artaxerxes
		Themistocles’ refuge in Persia
		Revolts in Bactria and Egypt
		The Peace of Callias of 449/8
	The death of Artaxerxes
Part III. The Organisation and Administration of the Persian Empire; Religion in the Empire
Note C Persian Imperial Governmen
3.1. Persian Kingship
	Royal titulature
	The ideology of kingship
		Second inscription from Naqš-e Rustam
		Darius’ inscription from Persepolis
	Persian education
	Succession to the throne
	Royal residences
	Royal estates
		Partetaš
	A satrap complains
	High-ranking Persian noblemen
		Gobryas and Aspathines
		The King’s Benefactors and Friends
	Gift-giving
3.2. The Administration of the Empire
	Satraps and satrapies
	The pihātu
	The saris
	The peoples of the empire
	Tribute, gifts, and taxes
	High officials and workers at Persepolis
		Parnaka
		Ziššawiš
		Chief of workers, law-officers and accountants
	The work force in Persis
	Special rations for mothers
3.3. Royal Women
	Documents with a female royal title
	Babylonian text documenting a daughter of Xerxes
	Estates of royal women
	Royal women and travel
	Workers in the service of royal women
	Marriage alliances
3.4. Travel in the Empire
	The Royal Roads
	Travel rations
		Rations for individuals
		Fast messengers and élite guides
3.5. Religion in the Empire
	The daiva-inscription
	Šatin and magus
	Evidence from Egypt
		Hieroglyphic inscriptions from el-Khargeh
		Funerary inscription on a stele from Saqqara
	Greek evidence on Persian religion
		Darius’ letter to Gadatas
		Herodotus’ view
	Xerxes and the Babylonian temples
	The Jews under Persian rule
		Return of the exiles from Babylon
		Elephantine
Bibliography
Index of Persons and Gods