The Palgrave Handbook of Script Development

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
	References
‘Behind the Scenes’ of Script Development
The Feedback Phenomenon: Dealing with Multiple Voices in the Development of Original Screenplays
	Introduction
	Prologue: The Story of a Story
	Act I: The Concept of the “Screen Idea Work Group”
	The Multi-voiced Feedback Setting
	Act II: The Westerdals Project in Script Development Research
	The Pilot, 2017/18: “Artistic Integrity and the External Voice”
	Creative Tools
	Challenges Triggered by External Feedback
	Pilot Results
	Act III: Examining the Feedback Phenomenon
	“Feedback Science”: Toward a Model for Feedback Analysis
	Feedback Science Training
	References
Script Readers as Gatekeepers: Demystifying Processes of Script Coverage
	Introduction
	What a Top Sheet Looks like
	Professional Roundtable
	Who is Reading What and Why?
	At What Stage is a Script When It Crosses the reader’s Desk?
	The Art of Script Coverage
	Writing the Logline
	How Important Are Format, Presentation, Grammar, Spelling?
	What Happens When a Positive Coverage Moves a Project Further into Development?
	Screenplay Competitions
	Is the Role of the Script Reader Markedly Different When Evaluating Work in a Competition?
	The “gatekeeper” Question and the Power of a “pass”
	Conclusion
	References
A Creative Pilgrimage: Negotiating Authenticity, Creativity and Budget in the Medieval Web Series Tales of Bacon
	Introduction
	Starting Script Development—Planning the Journey
	Choosing the Route
	Making Our Own Writing Pilgrimage
	Script Development into Production
	Conclusion
	References
Creating the Low-Budget Feature Film Script: Development as Emergence
	Introduction
	The Idea of Development
	The Low-Budget Feature Pod process
		Phase 1: Concept Development
		Phase 2: Detailed Development
	Conclusions
	References
Script Development on Unscripted Television: Grand Designs and the Spectacle of the Reveal
	Introduction
	Unscripted Television
	Grand Designs History and Context
	Casting: The Beginning of Script Development
	Production Team
	Post-production
	The Presenter: Kevin McCloud
	Grand Designs: The Format
	Part I, Act One—The Beginning
	Part II and Part III, Act Two—The Middle
	Part IV, Act Three—The End
	Challenges
	Conclusion
	References
Saying What Must Not Be Said: Exploring Communication in the Script Development Process
	Introduction
	My Experience and a Note on Methodology
	The Impact of Money
	Culture and Language
	Discipline
	Second-Hand Information
	Published Development Notes
	Archives
	Conclusion
	References
Scripting the Experimental Documentary Film: Developing the “Script” for Not Reconciled
	Introduction
	Not Reconciled: The Premise
	Not Reconciled Script: Pre-production
	Not Reconciled: Production
	Chance Encounters
	Editing Script
	Conclusion
	References
Negotiating Television Authorship and Gendering Creative Identity: Vicki Madden as Australian Showrunner
	Introduction: Women Showrunners in Post-Network Television
	Vicki Madden Case Study: Negotiating Authorial Roles and Relationships in Australian Television
	Creating Identity in the Creative Industries
	Showrunner as Marker of Cultural Prestige
	Conclusion: Layers of Women’s Identity in Script Development and Television Authorship
	References
Constructing Criticism Without Crushing Confidence: Cultures of Feedback in Television Script Development
	Introduction
	Potential
	Script Editors
	UK Script Development Organisations
	Notes
	Praise
	Corrective Culture
	Conclusion
	References
The Business of Script Development: Insights from Industry Practitioners
	Introduction
	The ‘Lived Experience’ of Script Development
	Communication
	Procedural Frustration
	‘Digging Deep’
	Conclusion
	References
Script Development in Time and Place
Doctoring La Cacería, Las Niñas De Alto Hospicio: Issues in Cross-Cultural Script Consulting
	Introduction
	Research as It Evolves
	Fictional and Non-Fictional Characters
	Modulation—Action and Character
	National Media Cultures and Audience
	Working Across Differing Languages and Cultures
	Local Stories in a Global Context
	Conclusion
	References
Script Development as a Collective Enterprise: The Writing of the Indigenous Feature Film Waru
	Introduction
	The Contextual Background
		The Script Development Process
		Script Development Based on Tikanga (The Customary System of Values)
	Conclusion
	References
Independent, Short and Controversial: The Script Development of San Sabba
	Introduction
	Negotiating Access and Finding the Story
	The Process of Writing
	Writing Through the Archives
	Conclusion
	References
How Angelica Became The Strange Case of Angelica: From the Idea to the Script to the Book to the Film
	Introduction
	Changes in the Screenplay Layout
	Thematic Evolution
	Character Development
		Isaac
		Angelica
		Vine Workers
	Conclusion
	References
Scripting for the Masses: Notes on the Political Economy of Bollywood
	Introduction: More Than a Metaphor
	Political Economy of Scripting
	Political Mainstream Cinema
	The Epic as the Template
	Personal Is Political
	Remediating News
	Pre-Censorship
	Conclusion
	References
The Relational Language of First Nations Cultural Sensibilities, Principles and Storytelling Ethics as an Intercultural Approach to Script Development
	Introduction
	Linking Living Heritage and History
	Rights: Cultural, Moral and Intellectual Property
	Authorial Voices of Living Culture
	Photos and Trusting ‘What We’re Doing’
	Building the Script from Real Life Events
	Translating Culture: What the Script Had to Say
	Wandering Spirit, Wandering Spirit
	References
Writers’ Room and Showrunner: Discourses and Practices in the German Television Industry
	Introduction
	Production Contexts in the German Television Industry
	Writers’ Room and Showrunner Practices in Individual Project Networks
	Production Cultures: Broader Discourses
	Conclusion
	References
The ASEAN ROK SCREENPLAY LAB: Voices Across Asia—Stories About Rice
	Introduction
	Goals of the ASEAN ROK Screenplay Lab
	Screenplay Lab Challenges
		How the Workshop Was Conducted
	The Screenplay Lab and Film Workshop Begin; National Arts Centre, Laguna, Philippines
	Time and the Western Paradigm of Storytelling
	Script Development with Production Input
	Feedback Following Rehearsal Scenes
	Input from Indigenous Production Professionals
	Conclusion
	References
Textual Manifestations of Collaborative Screen Idea and Story Development: A Danish Case Study
	Introduction
	Collaboration as Cultural Proclivity
	Genre, Theme and Subject as Markers of Idea Development
	Finding a Third Way: Story Development as an Open, Extended Discourse
	The Creative and Structural Utility of a ‘Sound Universe’
	Conclusion
	References
Scottish Modernism Goes to New Hollywood: Tracing the Script Development of Alan Sharp’s Night Moves
	Introduction
	From an End of Wishing to Night Moves
	The Kennedy Monologue
	Conclusion
	References
Alternative Approaches
Creating Kaleidoscopic Characters: Working with Performance to Develop Character Stories Prior to Screen Story
	Introduction
	Miranda July: Performance and Kaleidoscopic Characters
	Mike Leigh: Devising Character and Character-Based Improvisation (CBI)
	The Five Provocations: Developing Kaleidoscopic Characters and Spontaneous Performances
	The Five Provocations Production Process: Strategies for Capturing Kaleidoscopic Characters
		Strategy 1—Character Development Through Solo Improvisation
		Strategy 2—Writing a Screenplay
		Strategy 3—Concealed ‘Safe’ Scripts
		Strategy 4—Principal Photography Filmed Chronologically
		Strategy 5—Provocation
		Strategy 6—Documenting the Character Responses
	The Five Provocations: Casting the Actors
	Conclusion
	References
Lean Script Development in the Available Materials School of Filmmaking: This Is Dedicated to The One I Love
	Introduction
	Options Thinking in Lean Script Development
	A Humble Suggestion to Freely Ignore: Developing The One I Love
	Conclusion: Just-in-Time Script Development
	References
Pedagogy-Led Practice and Practice-Led Pedagogy: A Feedback Loop of Teaching and Screenwriting
	Introduction
	Overview of the Course and Structural Plan of the Collaborative Project
	The Screenplay in Development: Galway to Graceland
	The Structure: Practice and Pedagogy
		Stage 1: Weeks 1–3
			Practice: Screenplay Development
			Pedagogy: Generating Ideas and Introduction to Screenplay Conventions
		Stage 2: Weeks 4–6
			Practice: Screenplay Development
			Pedagogy: Screenplay Analysis for Learning
		Stage 3: Weeks 7–8
			Practice: Rewriting and Revision
			Pedagogy: Recapping and Screenplay Format
		Stage 4: Weeks 9–13
			Live Read and Workshopping—Rewriting
	Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study of the Novel O Quatrilho and its Adapted Screenplays: Researching the Script Development Process
	Introduction
	Theoretical Framework
	The Case Study of O Quatrilho
	Comparative Study of the Novel and Screenplays
		Interviews with José Clemente Pozenato and Antonio Calmon About the Script Development Process
	Analysing the Collected Data
	Conclusion
	References
Scripting and the Multimodal Screenplay Within the Script Development Process
	Introduction
	Films Without Screenplays
	Scripting
	Digital Story Composing
	Found Footage
	Visual Literacy
	Digital Story Composing: An Alternative Methodology for Script Development?
		To Start …
		Cataloguing
		Non-linear Editing within Digital Story Composing
	Conclusion
	References
Don’t Eat My Baby: Collisions, Development and Indigenous Consultation in the Australian Family Feature Film Screenplay, Dingo
	Collision No. 1: Evolution vs Creation
	Collision No. 2: Documentary vs Drama
	Final Collisions
	Conclusion
	References
The Application of an ‘Eternal Dance’ Methodology in the Development of an Original Screenplay
	Introduction
	Script Development as a Field
	Creative Screenwriting Practice
	The Importance of Models
	The Advantages of a Dance Metaphor
	The Eternal Dance Methodology as a Model
	Other Codes and Conventions of the Methodology
	The Information Captured
	Provocation: A Question of Point of View
	A Closer Look at Features of the Eternal Dance
	Description of Findings and Discoveries
	Reflection on Use of the Eternal Dance
	Conclusion
	References
A Collaborative Reflection Between Writer, Director and Actors: Table Read as Scriptwriting ‘Intervention’
	References
Hitting the Road: Performing the Journey as a Development Strategy in Paris, Texas and Goodbye Pork Pie
	Introduction
	Context
	Paris, Texas (1984)
	A Vague Act Structure
	‘Where Is the Script…’
	Goodbye Pork Pie (1980)
	The Road Trip
	Cars, Borders and Guns
	Character
	Conclusion
	References
Development Across the Intercultural Divide: Scripting Stories with ‘Other’ Groups
	Introduction
	Background
	Who Should Be in a Story Room?
	What Is Shared in a Group?
	The Process of Forming Group
	The Story Room Process and Making the Room Function
	The First Meeting
	The Second Meeting
	Conclusion: Implications for Script Development
	References
Unique Contexts of Script Development
Productive Interventions: Collaborative Script Development for Stories About Mental Health Issues and Suicide
	Introduction
	Writing Screen Stories About Mental Illness and Suicide
	What Is Mindframe for Stage and Screen?
	Industry Case Studies and Examples
	Challenges Ahead
	References
Place, Presence and Play: A Listening, Co-Active Approach to Story Development
	Opening Image
	From Play to Production
		Potential Spaces
		Documentary and Magic Realistic Approaches
	Writing as Belonging to Settings and Spaces
		Playing in Actual Places and Fictional Spaces
	Rewriting and Script Development
	Perception, Story Structure and Communication
	Closing Image
	Summary
	Appendix
	References
Crafting Immersive Experiences: A Case Study of the Development of Three Short Narrative Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR) Projects
	Introduction
	Background
	The Projects—An Overview
	Problem #1: The Screen Idea on the Page
	Problem #2: Development of the Audience’s Role
	Conclusion
	References
The Screenplay as a Means of Communication: The Case of Notorious
	Introduction
	Independent Film Production in Hollywood: David O. Selznick
	Notorious (1946)
	First Treatment
	Second Treatment
	Sold to RKO
	Clifford Odets
	Conclusion
	References
Between Video Games and Television Shows, Towards Meta Script Development Practices?
	Introduction
	Script Development Against the Odds: The Challenge of Defiance
	From Script Development ‘Mythology’ to a Mythology Coordinator
	Script Development in the Hands of a Game Narrative Designer
	Conclusion: the Emergence of New Roles and Models
	References
Developing Texts for Animated Opera: A Unique Case Study
	Introduction
	The Case Study in Context
	Language and Text in Opera
	The Development of the Text in the Opera and the Project
	Conclusion
	References
From Comedy to Drama: The Curious Case Study of Queenpin
	Introduction
	Genealogy of the Screen Idea
	A New Beginning
	Challenges in the Writer’s Room
	Writing on the Walls
	The (Re)writing Process
	Conclusion
	References
‘You Never Know Who is in Control’: German Transmedia Content Development
	Introduction
	Terminology
	Academic Perspectives on Defining Transmedia Storytelling: A New Form of Storytelling?
	Industry Perspectives on Defining Transmedia Storytelling and Its Impact on Creating Transmedia Worlds
		Creators’ Experiences of Creating Complex Transmedia Universes
		Interdisciplinary Collaboration
		Transmedia Showrunner
	Conclusion
	References
Violet City: Script Development from Novel to Green Screen Fantasy Feature
	Introduction
	The Project
	The Novel
	Adapting the Novel
	Synopsis
	Considerations
	Conflating and Condensing Using Transitions and Flashbacks
	Post-Production
	Is Editing Script Development?
	Conclusion
	References
Checking The Black List Twice: The Ambiguous Industry Role of Script Development Services
	Introduction
	Theorising the Consumer Screenwriting Industry
	The Legitimisation of The Black List
	The Cost of The Black List
	The Black List as an Industry Tool
	Conclusion
	References
Index