The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Work Education

Foreword
Acknowledgments
Editor’s Note
Contents
Editors and Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1 Introduction: Social Work—A Profession Without Boundaries: Debates on Global and Contextual Social Work
	International Social Work—The Debates
	The Changing Global Order: Emerging Issues and Need for a Social Work Response
	The Unresolved Issues—Social Work in Transition
	Organisation of the Book
	References
Part I Defining and Redefining Social Work: Social Work Education in East Asia and South East Asia
Chapter 2 Social Work Education in Contemporary Indonesia: Issues, Challenges, and Concerns
	Introduction
	History of Social Work Education
	Development of Social Work Education
	Social Work Education: Issues and Challenges
		Social Work Curriculum
		Standard and Accreditation
		Multicultural Education
		Indigenisation
		Fieldwork
		Social Work Distance Education
		Student Selection
	Social Work Education: Quo Vadis and Concern
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3 Challenges in Social Work Education in the Context of Social Work in Japanese Society
	Introduction
	Concept of Social Work in Japan
	Background to Social Work/Welfare/Fukushi in Japan After World War II
	Social Workers in Japan
	Social Work Education in Japan
	Issues and Challenges
	References
Chapter 4 Social Work Education in Taiwan: Issues, Challenges, and Prospects
	Introduction
	The Development of Social Work Education in Taiwan
	Challenges of Professionalisation in Social Work
	What Kind of Helping Profession Should Social Workers Be Taught?
	Professionalism vs. Unionism
	Specialist Approach vs. Generalist Approach
	Prospects of Social Work Education in Taiwan
	References
Chapter 5 China: From Ideological Focused Education to Professional Social Work Education
	Introduction
	Truncated Early Development of Professional Social Work Education (1910–1978)
	Reinstating Social Welfare and Social Work Education (1979–2005)
	Social Governance Reforms and Phenomenal Growth in Social Work Services, Workforce and Social Work Education (2006–2018)
	Future Challenges (2019 and Beyond)
	References
Chapter 6 The Development of Social Work Education in Malaysia
	Introduction
	Social Welfare Work During the Colonial Period
	The Introduction of Social Work
	Social Work Education in Malaysia: 1975–1995
	The Development of Social Work Education After 1995
	Social Work Curriculum
	The Role of Social Work Educators in Advancing the Social Work Profession
	Social Work Education Challenges and Way Forward
	Conclusion
	References
Part II Advancement of Social Work Education in the West: Lessons Learnt
Chapter 7 Change Management Education in Social Work Degree Programmes in Germany: Bridging the Gap Between Management Science and Professional Practice
	Science and Practice of Change Management in Human Service Organisations
		What Is an Organisation?
	Change Management in Human Service Organisations
		Relationship Between Science and Practice: A Theory-Practice Transfer Model
	Three Dimensions of the Relationship Between Science and Professional Practice
		Change Management as an Object of Management Research
		Management Research as a Resource for the Justification and Development of Change Management Strategies in HSO
		Professional Competence as an Integral Component for the Development and Implementation of Social Work Degree Programmes in Germany
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8 Social Work Education in Italy: Problems and Perspectives
	Introduction
	Social Work in Italy: Evolution and Characteristics
	Social Work Education in Italy: Origins and Early Developments
	The Path of Academisation
	Practice Education
	Effects of the Crisis
	Changes in the Labour Market
	Stalling of the University System
	Challenges and Prospects
	References
Chapter 9 The Concept of Professional Identity in Selected Approaches to the Education of Social Workers
	Introduction
	Research Methodology
	Approaches to the Education of Social Workers in the Czech Republic (Summary of the First Stage of the Research)
		Evidence-Based Approach to Education
		Competence-Oriented Approach to Education
		Reflective Approach to Education
	Discourses and Identities of Social Work (Secondary Analysis)
		Discourse 1: Social Work as a (Natural) Science
		Researcher Identity (Key Word: Proof)
		Discourse 2: Social Work as a Craft
		Craftsman Identity (Motto: Competence and Skill)
		Discourse 3: Social Work as a Philosophy
		Thinker Identity (Motto: Reflection)
		Discourse 4: Social Work as Education
		Educator Identity (Motto: Knowledge and Growth)
		Discourses—Summary
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 10 Danish Welfare State and Social Work Education and Practice: Development and Challenges
	Introduction
	Welfare Models
	Background and Development of the Danish Welfare System
		Social Reforms
		Equality
		Solidarity
		Universality
		Impact of New Public Management
	History and Development of Social Work Education in Denmark
	Research
	International Influence
	Danish Social Work Education Today
		International Exchange of Students
			International–Intercultural Bachelor Program in Copenhagen: Introduction
			Comparative Perspectives on Social Work with Young People (Elective Module)
			International Social Work (Elective Module)
			Social Work in Urban Areas (Semester)
	Concluding Remarks
	References
Chapter 11 Teaching Social Work Skills Online
	Reflection
	Benefits of Reflection
	Reflective vs Reflexive
	Critical Reflection
	The Gibbs Framework
	5 Whys
	Rehearsing
	5 Ws 1H
	Bortan’s Framework
	Operational Matters
		Online Media
	Challenges of Using Online Forums to Teach Social Work Skills
	References
Chapter 12 Social Work Education in Portugal
	Introduction
	Background of Social Work Education in Portugal
	Social Work Education After the Advent of Democracy in 1974
	Higher Education System and Structure
		Licenciado Degree (Bachelor’s)
		Mestre Degree (Master’s)
		Doutor Degree (PhD)
	The Three Study Cycles in Social Work Education
		Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work
		Master’s Degree in Social Work
		PhD in Social Work
	Bologna Process Impact on Social Work Education
	Impact of Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education in Social Work Education
	Critical Points and Challenges
	Funding
	References
Chapter 13 Social Work in a Local and Global Context: A Swedish Approach
	Background
	Aim and Research Question
	Social Work Education in a Swedish and Local Context
	Magister Programmes
	Research: PhD Education in Social Work
	Local Context of Internationalisation in Social Work Education
	Theoretical Frame
	Methodology
	Findings
	Limitations of the Study
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14 Social Work in a Changing Scandinavian Welfare State: Norway
	The Norwegian Welfare State: A Historical Introduction
	The 1980s: Toward “Welfare Consumerism” and a New Welfare Contract?
	Work Line in Norwegian Social Policy
	Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration and New Individualism
	Social Work in a Changing Welfare State
	Challenges Facing Social Work Education: Final Remarks
	Bibliography
Part III Social Work Education in Developing Economies: Challenges and Opportunities
Chapter 15 Social Work Education for Social Justice and Poverty Reduction in Africa
	Introduction
	Conceptualising Social Work
	Social Work and Social Justice
	Human Rights
	Social Work and Human Rights
	Africa’s Human Rights and Political Synopsis
	The Extent of Poverty and Inequality
		Implications on Social Work Education.
	Conclusion
	The Way Forward
	References
Chapter 16 The Context of Social Work Profession and Education in Transitional Countries: The Case of Georgia
	Introduction
	Reforms in Child Welfare System
	Reforms in Criminal Justice System
	Challenges to Social Work Profession and Education in Georgia
	Role of Social Work as Science in Reforming Social Welfare System
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17 Social Work Education in Ireland
	Introduction
	Social Work in Ireland
	Social Work Education in Ireland
		Professionalisation and Standards
		Regulation of Social Work Education Programmes
		Recent Issues Impacting on Social Work Education
		Migration
	Future Directions for Social Work Education in Ireland
		Meeting Demand for Social Work Graduates
		Social Work and Technology
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 18 Social Work Education in Poland
	Social Work Education in Poland from a Historical Perspective
		Conditions for the Development of Social Work in Poland
		Education of Social Workers in Poland—A Historical Perspective
	Legal Conditions for the Profession of Social Worker
	Educational Programmes in the Field of Social Work (Based on the Example of the First Degree of Social Work)
	Challenges Facing Social Work Education in Poland
		Training of Social Workers in a Changing Society
		Education for Evidence-Based Practice in Social Work
		Teachers of Social Work
		Students of Social Work
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 19 Socio-Economic and Political Contextual Realities in India: Implications for Social Work Practice
	Introduction
	Social Work Practice in India
	Way Ahead for Social Work Practice
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 20 Decolonising Social Work Education in Nepal
	Introduction
	Defining Our Subjective Location
	Social Work Education Process and Practice: An Entry Point
		A Brief Colonial History of Social Work Education in Nepal
		Monocultural Logic and Prescribed Curriculums
		Issues Relating to Pedagogy and Educators
		Social Work Education Institutional Closure: Who Teaches and Who Learns?
	Understanding Nepali Society—What Does “Social” in “Social Work Education” Entail: A Standpoint
	Decolonised Social Work Education: A Vantage Point
		Process Model for Decolonising Social Work Education in Nepal
		The Focus and Implications of Decolonising Nepali Social Work
	Final Remarks
	References
Chapter 21 Islamic-Based Social Work Practices for Social Development: Experience in Bangladesh
	Introduction
		Historical Roles Played by Mosques and Orphanages for Social Development
	Materials and Methods
	Results
	Discussion
		Poverty Reduction by Mosques and Orphanages
		Education and Training Programmes Undertaken by Mosques and Orphanages
		Religious Rituals and Functions Carried Out by Mosques and Orphanages
		Prevention of Social Ills and Social Decay
		Create Rights and Ownership
		Cultural Activities Carried Out by Mosques and Orphanages
		Social Control by Mosques and Orphanages
		Mitigation of Climate Change and Disaster Management by Mosques and Orphanages
		Social Movement by Mosques and Orphanages
		Creating Social Awareness of Social Issues
	Policy Recommendations
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 22 Social Work Education in Pakistan: Analysis of Past and Present Practices
	Introduction
		International Perspective
	Research Methodology
		Objectives
		Historical Perspective
		Second Training Course at Dhaka
			September–November 1953
		Third Short-Term Training Course at Karachi
			February–July 1954
		Need and Importance of Social Work Education in Pakistan
			Fieldwork
			Research in Social Work
	Discussion and Analysis
		Lack of Facilitative Attitudes Toward Teachers and Students
		Scope of Social Work Education in Pakistan
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 23 Social Work Education in Contemporary Sri Lanka: Issues and Challenges
	Background
	Historical Roots of Social Work Education in Sri Lanka
	Misconceptions About the Social Work Discipline in Sri Lanka
	Need for Social Work Education in Sri Lanka
	Establishing Social Work Education as a Profession
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 24 Movement Towards Indianisation of Social Work Education
	Introduction
	Need for the Bharatiyakaran of Social Work Curriculum
	Bharatiyakaran of the Indian Social Work Curriculum
	Efforts Towards Bharatiyakaran of the Social Work Curriculum
	Conclusion
	References
Part IV Socio-political and Economic Conflicts and Social Work in a Contemporary World
Chapter 25 Challenging Realities Facing Social Work Education in Palestine
	Introduction
	Palestine: Zone of Conflict
		Emergence and Evolution of the Social Work Profession
	Evolution of Governmental Social Welfare Services
	Challenges Facing Social Work Education in Palestine
		Purpose
		Methodology
		Findings and Arguments
	Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 26 Social Work Education in Botswana: Issues, Challenges, and Prospects
	Introduction
	Historical Development of Social Work Education in Africa
	Historical Evolution of Social Work Botswana
	Evolution of Formal Social Work Education and Training in Botswana
	Issues in Social Work Education in Botswana Today
		Issues Pertaining to Relevance and Appropriateness of Social Work Education Curricula
		Issues Pertaining to Fieldwork Practicum
		The Struggle to Promote Evidence-Based Practice Education
		Research and Publications
		Regulating Bodies
		Macro-Practice Versus Individual Therapy
	Conclusions and Way Forward
	References
Chapter 27 Evolution of Social Work Education in Turkey: A Critical Perspective
	Introduction
	Problems About the Curriculum
	Other Details About the Curriculum
	Non-Social Work Educated Academicians
	Open Education System
	Increased Unemployment for Graduates
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 28 Social Work Education and Practice in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges
	Introduction
	History of Social Work Practice in Bangladesh
	Social Work Curricula and Field Practicum
	Social Work Practice Settings in Bangladesh
	Challenges Facing the Social Work Profession in Bangladesh
	Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 29 Social Work and Social Work Education in Spain
	Birth of a Profession
	Political Transition and New Possibilities for Social Work, 1975–1985
	Golden Age of Social Work in Spain 1986–2008
	New Responses to New Needs? New Degree in Social Work
	Social Work in Times of Crisis
	Orange Tide or How Social Workers Organise Themselves in Their Fight for Dignity
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 30 Development of Social Work Education in Slovenia
	Introduction
	The Beginning of the Reform at the Faculty of Social Work
	Substantive Reform of Education for Social Work in Slovenia
	Advantages and Disadvantages of the Bologna Reform of the Programmes of Education for Social Work
	Improving the Quality of Study
	Summary
	References
Part V Researching Social Work in the Global South–Implications for Education
Chapter 31 Research in Social Work Education in Slovenia: From the Lateral to the Indispensable
	Introduction
	Social Work Education in Slovenia
	Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Work Education
	Research Courses and Role Research Activity Plays in Curriculum for Social Work Education
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 32 Social Work in Romania: Education, Professional Life, and Challenges
	Historical Overview
	Regeneration of Social Work
	In Place of Conclusion
	References
Chapter 33 Czech Social Work from the Social Workers’ Perspective and the Consequences for Social Work Education
	Background
	Aims
	Methodology
	Findings
		The Societal Context of Social Work
		Economisation of Social Work and Its Consequences
		The Position of Social Work in Society
		Weaknesses in the Education of Social Workers
		Typology of Positions in Czech Social Work
			Political Assignments and the Resulting Helplessness: The Position of Politicians Versus Doing Social Work
			Financial Efficiency Versus Reflexivity: Helpless Practitioners and Ideal of Being Social Worker
		Consequences for Training of Social Workers
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 34 Social Work in Poland: From the Marginal Position to the Professionalisation of Education and Social Work Practice
	Genesis and Evolution of Education to Social Work Before 1939
	Education for Social Work in the Years of Communism (1945–1989)
	Models of Education for Social Work After 1989
	Summary—An Attempt to Evaluate the Model of Education for Social Work
	References
Chapter 35 Sun, Sand, Sea and Social Work: Issues Facing Social Work Educators in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
	Context
	Social Work Education in Trinidad
	Admissions
	Programme Structure
	Postgraduate Social Work Education
	Specific Challenges for Social Work Education in Trinidad and Tobago
	Conclusion
	References
Part VI Social Work Education for Next Generation: Hope Over Fear
Chapter 36 Reinventing the Singapore Landscape of Social Work Education
	Introduction
	The Singapore Context
	Let’s Look at the Contemporary Challenges
	The Social Work Education Landscape
	Concerns and Challenges Facing the Social Work Community
	Reflections on the Social Work Landscape
	Reinventing the Social Work Education Landscape
	References
Chapter 37 Social Work Development Trends in Hong Kong: Implications for Social Work Education
	Introduction
	Social Work Development Trends in the West
	Changes in the Social Welfare Climate of Hong Kong
	Social Work Development Trends in Hong Kong
		Emergence of Project-Based Service Deliverables Under an Integrative Service Model
		Growing Diversity of Practice Approaches
		Development of Multilevel Intervention Models
		Multidisciplinary Collaboration
		Changes in Client–Worker Relationships
		Emergence of Managerialism in Social Welfare Settings
		Growing Attention to Evidence-Based Practice
	Implications of Social Work Education
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 38 Situation and Future of Social Work Education in Turkey
	Introduction
	Social Work Education
	History of Social Work Education in Turkey
	Undergraduate Education
	Current Challenges Facing Social Workers in Turkey
	Requirements in Social Work Education in a Globalising World and the Situation of Turkey
	Effect of Globalisation on Social Work Education
	The Situation of Turkey
	Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Chapter 39 Social Work Education in Italy: Light and Shadows
	Historical Context
	Development of Social Work Education
	Design of the Social Work Curriculum
	Social Work: A Neglected Discipline?
	State of Social Work Research in Italy
	Challenges and Perspectives
	References
Chapter 40 Risks and Benefits of Convergences in Social Work Education: A Post-colonial Analysis of Malaysia and the UK
	Introduction
	Isomorphic Convergences
	Social Work Education in the UK and Malaysia
		Change and Reform in the UK
		Malaysian Social Work Education
			The Professionalisation of Social Work in Malaysia and Implications for Education
	Isomorphic Convergences and a Post-colonial Lens: Re-imaging Social Work Education Futures
	References
Chapter 41 Social Work Transformation—National and International Dimensions: The Case of Russia
	Introduction
	Development of Social Work in Russia
	Neoliberal Issues in Russian Social Policy and Social Work
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 42 Impediments to Professionalising Social Work Education in Sri Lanka
	Introduction
	Methodology
	Analysis and Interpretation
		Attitude of the Public to Social Work
		Attitude of Students During Enrolment in a Social Work Educational Programme
		Nature of Social Work Education Programmes at the National Institute of Social Development and Other Traditional Universities
		Professionalism
			History of Struggle
			Nature of Professional Education
		Admission Criteria
		Academic Freedom
			Repercussions of Poor Recruitment, Study Leave, and Promotion Policies as Well as Academic Development at the National Institute of Social Development
		Administrative Regulations and Procedures
		Field Placement and Supervision
			Nature of Field Practice
			Allocation of Fieldwork Days
			Practical Obstacles
			Educational Background of the Field and Agency Supervisors
			Fulfilment of Academic Requirements During Field Placement
			Language Barrier
			Nature of Faculty Supervision
				Number of Supervisees Assigned to a Supervisor
				Space Allocated for Supervision
			Employment Opportunities
		Underdevelopment of Social Work Discipline
		Dissemination of the Western Concept of Social Work and Social Work Theories
		Limitation of Resources
		Sri Lanka Association of Professional Social Workers
	Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Part VII Marginalized Communities in Diverse Contexts and Social Work Education
Chapter 43 Social Work and Marginalisation in India: Questioning Frameworks
	Introduction
	Changing Nature of Social Work and Need to Change the Lens
	Theoretical Lens: Language, Hegemony, and Common Sense
	Social Work and Marginalisation
	Indigenous Knowledge: A Valuable Resource for Social Workers
		“Story as Text for Social Workers”: Example from Premchand’s Sadgati (Salvation)
			Language as an Instrument to Normalise Oppression
			Caste Hegemony and Internalising Oppression
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 44 Dignity and Social Justice
	Introduction
	Vulnerability
		Biographical
		Physically Handicapped
		Intellectually Disabled
		Mentally Disordered
		Socially Excluded
		Self-Efficacy
	Moral Vulnerability
		Hannah Arendt
	Dignity
		Intrinsic Dignity
		Moral Dignity
		Relational Dignity
	Social Justice
		Dignity and Social Justice as Overarching United Nations Values
		Social Work Definition
		Change of Paradigm
	Back to Dignity: Tensions and Essentials
		Dignity and Justice
		Dignity and Effectiveness
		Dignity and Vulnerability
		Principles and Practice
		Whole and Detail
		Being Vulnerable and Making Vulnerable
		Worthy Professionals
		Worthy Organisations, Managers, Working Conditions, and Social Policy
		Worthy Schools of Social Work
	References
Chapter 45 Professional: Yet Very Personal, Spiritual, and Unavoidably Political—Addressing Assessment in Social Work Education
	Instead of Introduction
		Introducing the Author and the Context
	Critical Analysis of Assessment in Social Work Education
	Whole People Learning in Social Work
	What Constitutes Becoming an Effective Social Worker?
	How Does It Look Like in Practice?
		Competence to Practise Social Work with Māori
		Competence to Practise Social Work with Different Ethnic and Cultural Groups in Aotearoa New Zealand
		Competence to Work Respectfully and Inclusively with Diversity and Difference in Practice
		Competence to Promote the Principles of Human Rights and Social and Economic Justice
		Competence to Engage in Practice That Promotes Social Change
		Competence to Understand and Articulate Social Work Theories, Indigenous Practice Knowledge, Other Relevant Theories, and Social Work Practice Methods and Models
		Competence to Apply Critical Thinking to Inform and Communicate Professional Judgements
		Competence to Promote Empowerment of People and Communities to Enable Positive Change
		Competence to Practise Within Legal and Ethical Boundaries of the Social Work Profession
		Competence to Represent the Social Work Profession with Integrity and Professionalism
	Instead of Conclusion
	References
Chapter 46 Social Work in Germany: Between a Nation State Focus and Transnational Horizons
	Introduction
	History of Social Work in Germany
	Social Work in Germany Today and Its Differentiation in the Nation State
	Transnational Opening of Social Work in Germany
	References
Chapter 47 Decoding the Epistemological Framework of Social Work Research: Attrition of Under-represented Minority and Marginalised Students in Higher Education in the United States
	Higher Education Minority and Marginalised Population Attrition Inquiries
	Paradigms of Social Work Research
	Positivistic Paradigm
	Post-positivistic Paradigm
	Constructivism Paradigm
	Critical Theory
	Appropriateness of the Method Design
	Decoding the Rigour, Reliability, and Validity
		Qualitative Research
	Major Measurements Used to Study Attrition
		Academic Measurements
	Social Psychological Measurements
		Student Integration Measures
		Social Provisions Measures
		Isolation Measures
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 48 Clientisation, Marginalised Identities, and the Politics of Care
	Accounting for Social and Local Complexities of Drug Use and Treatment
	The Politics of Care
	Methods
	Navigating Intersecting Problems
	Under the Care and Surveillance of Physicians
	Negotiating the “at Risk” Client Label
	Seeking Help for Health Challenges
	Experiencing Poverty and Hierarchies of Identity
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 49 How Do We Teach Human Rights in Social Work in the Undergraduate Level?
	Introduction
	Chilean Military Regimen and Human Rights Violations
	Social Work Role During and After the Chilean Military Regimen
	Undergraduate Teaching
		Course Characteristics: Objectives and Contents
		Module 1: The Emergence of a New Ethical-Legal Conscience
		Module 2: Basic Human Rights Instruments
		Module 3: Human Rights and Social Work
	Challenges
	Conclusions
	References
Part VIII Pedagogical Issues in Social Work: Rethinking Practice Teaching
Chapter 50 Role of School Social Work Interns in the US: Voices from the Field
	Introduction and Background
	The Role of Student Social Work Interns
	Knowledge Foundation of Student Social Work Interns
	Self-assessment and Multi-disciplinary Teamwork
	Research and Assessment
	Theory Application and Evaluation
	Discussion on a Graduated Ability to Collaborate and Communicate
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 51 Critical Pedagogy and Social Work Supervision
	Introduction
	Challenges
		National and Organisational Influences
		Organisational-Workplace
		Global Influences
		So, What Now?
		Social Work Supervision—Applying a Critical Lens
		Critical Supervision—Foundations
		Critical Supervision and Transformative Learning
		Critical Pedagogy
		Pedagogical Skills and Tools
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 52 Fieldwork Revived in the Classroom: Integrating Theory and Practice
	Introduction
	The Need
	Fieldwork Seminars (2 Credits)
		Introduction
		An Illustration
			Professional Development and Evaluation
		Outcome
			Students
			Teachers
	Fieldwork Labs (2 Credits)
		Outcome
			Students
			Teachers
	Intervention-Based Dissertation (4 Credits)
		Outcome
			Students
			Teachers
	Course on Social Work Practicum
		Outcome
			Students
			Teachers
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 53 Civil Society, Non-governmental Organisations, and Social Work Education
	Background
	Aims/Objectives
	Methodology
	Method of Data Analysis: Choice of Grounded Theory Approach
	Findings
		Benefits of Field Placement
		Problems in Field Placement
		Knowledge/Skills
		Proposals for Improvement
	Discussion
		Benefits of Field Placement
		Problems in Fieldwork Placement
		Knowledge/Skills
		Proposals for Improvement
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 54 Community Organising in Transformative Social Work Practice
	Context
	Research Design
	Hijacking of Community Organising
	Depoliticising Community Organising
	Community Organising in Transformative Social Work
		Key Role of Raising Political Consciousness
		Use of Class Analysis and Centrality of Class Struggle
		Arouse–Organise–Mobilise (AOM) Framework
		Relationship Between Economic and Political Struggles
		Danger of Localism
	Social Justice–Oriented Social Work Assists Individuals While Simultaneously Seeking to Transform Society
	Community Organising as Part of Building a Broad People’s Movement
	Conclusion
	References
Part IX Social Work with People in Difficult Circumstances: A Step Towards Sustainability
Chapter 55 Advancing Relationship-Based Social Work Through Mending Gaps Between Service Users, Carers, Social Work Students, and Practitioners: A Case Study Involving Refugees
	The UK Context
	Concept of “Mend the Gap”
		Mending the Gaps Between Service Users, Students, and Practitioners
		Definition of Mend the Gap
		Introducing the programme
		Gaps Identified in the First Session
		How Can These Gaps Be Mended?
		Building Positive Relationships
		Outcomes
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 56 Social Change in Ethiopia and Social Work Responses
	Introduction
	Theoretical Foundations of the Social Change Process
		Theoretical Foundations
		Social Change Processes
	History and Current Tides of Social Change in Ethiopia
		Social Change in Pre-1974 Ethiopia
		Social Change in Ethiopia Between 1974 and 1991
		Post-1991 Social Change in Ethiopia
	Social Work in Ethiopia and Its Responses to Social Change
	Summary
	References
Chapter 57 Developing Self-Reflexivity in Students Regarding Awareness of Racial Inequalities in Mental Health Service Provision
	Background
	“Starting Where the Client Is”: Self-Reflexivity, Cultural Humility, and Social Work Education
	Aims/Objectives
	Critical Literature Review
		Social Work Education, Research, and Practice
		Cultural Competency, Cultural Humility in Social Work, and Health Service Provision
	The Voices of Social Work Trainees on Cultural Humility—A Needs Analysis
	Cultural Training in Mental Health Service Provision
	Conclusion
		Strengths in Cultural Student Narratives and the Hopes for Social Work Practice
	References
Chapter 58 Changes in Society and Their Reflections in Social Work Education in the Czech Republic
	Introduction
	Social Work and Changes in Society
	Features of Post-industrial Modern Society
		Individualisation
		Functional Differentiation
		Rationalisation and Economics
		Commodification
		Generalisation
		Changes of Society
		Changes of ‘the Social’
		Colonisation of the Public by the Private
		Uncertainty
		Increasing Inequality
		Social Construction of Reality
	Social Work Education
	Methodology
	Topics Characterising Post-industrial Modern Society Identified in the Journal Sociální Práce/Sociálna Práca
	Topics Characterising Post-industrial Modern Society Identified in University Curricula with Accreditation of Social Work Education
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 59 Romanian Social Work Education, Past and Present Crossroads
	Introduction
	Historical Context
	Policy Context in the Post-communist Period
	International Influences and the Development of the Romanian Social Workforce
	Challenges of the Social Workforce and Social Work Education
	Social Work Education Under Scrutiny
	The Accreditation of Social Work Education
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 60 Welfare Transformation and Social Work: A Learning-by-Doing Process Looking for New Balances
	Introduction
	Welfare Transformation and Social Work
	A Study on Minimum Income: Research Context and Method
		Minimum Income in Italy: A Short Summary of a Long Debate and a Complicated Reform
		Research Strategy and Methods
	The Field Research
		Access
		The Pact and the Personalised Project
		Sanctions
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 61 Alternative Care for Children in Bangladesh: Challenges and Interventions
	Introduction
	Conceptual Definition: Alternative Care
	Why Provide Alternative Care for Children? A Review from Social and Legal Perspectives
		Socioeconomic Perspective
		Legal Perspective
	Key Challenges Facing Alternative Care in Bangladesh
		Definition and the Contextualisation of Alternative Care
		Wide Coverage
		Cultural Barriers
		Lack of Government Care
		Weak Legislative Framework
		Inadequate Financial Resources
		Lack of Research
		Underdeveloped Policies
	Alternative Care: Key Interventions
	Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
Chapter 62 Conclusion: Social Work Education in the Contemporary World—Issues, Challenges, and Concerns
	A Call for North–South Collaboration in Social Work Education
	References
Index