The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Victorian Women's Writing

Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Topics
About the Editors
Contributors
A
	Acton, Eliza
		Definition
		Introduction
		Contributions to Cookery and Domestic Management
		Innovations in English Cookery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Adaptation
		Definition
		Introduction
		What Was Adapted?
		Women Adapted
		Women Adapting
		Performance
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Adventure Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Agriculture
		Definition
		Introduction
		Poetry
		Novels
		Nonfiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Aguilar, Grace
		Definition
		Introduction
		Critical Reception, Contemporary, and Current
		Expanding Scholarship
		Aguilar´s Domestic Ideals
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Critical Literature
	Alcohol/Alcoholism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Mainstream Fiction
		Temperance Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Aldersey, Mary Ann
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Alford, Lady Marian
		Definition
		Embroidery in Context
		Brief Biography
			Needlework as Art (1886)
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	American Civil War
		Definition
		Introduction
		Interpreting the War: Harriet Martineau
		Eyewitness Accounts for Abolition: Fanny Kemble
		Transatlantic Exchanges: Stowe and ``The Stafford House Address´´
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Anatomy Act
		Definition
		Setting the Stage for the Act: Body Snatching and Gender
		Legacies of the Anatomy Act in Victorian Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Androgyny in Dress
		Definition
		Introduction
		Androgynous Crossdressing
		Masculine Women and Feminine Men
		Feminist Androgyny: Rational Dress
		Androgynous Utopian Dress
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Anglo-Catholicism
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Oxford Movement
		Anglo-Catholic Women Writers
			Cecil Frances Alexander
			Dora Greenwell
			Maria Francesca Rossetti
			Christina Georgina Rossetti
			Charlotte Yonge
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Animal Rights
		Definition
		Introduction
		Vegetarianism
		Antivivisection
		Complications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Anthropology
		Definition
		Introduction
		Anthropological Ideas About Gender
		Women in Anthropology
		Archaeology
		Anthropological Writing by Women
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Armitage, Ella Sophia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biographical Information
		Early Works on English History
		Archaeology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Art Critics
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Victorian Art World
		Art Criticism: A Growing Field
		Women Critics: Networks and Connections
		Women Critics: Texts and Methodologies
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Astronomy
		Definition
		Autobiography
		Mathematical Astronomy
		Popular Works
		Poetry and Novels
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	At-Home Theatricals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Overview
		How to ``Get Up´´ a Play
		Playwrights and Play Writing
		Plays for Ladies
		Juvenile and Didactic Theatricals
		Acting Charades
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Atkins, Anna
		Definition
		Introduction
		Seashell Engravings: Anna and John Children
		Seaweed Cyanotypes: A Lady and the Scientists
		Ferns, Lace, and Feathers: Anna Atkins and Anne Dixon
		Parting Words: Anna Atkins and John Children
		Posthumous Plants: Anna Atkin´s Historical Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Aurora Leigh (Barrett Browning)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Plot
		Themes and Issues
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Autobiographical Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Recollecting One´s Past in Verse
		The Autobiographical Lyric ``I´´
		Fictional and Dramatized Autobiography in Verse
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Autobiography
		Definition
		Genealogies
		Cross-References
		References
	Autobiography (Martineau)
		Definition
		Introduction
			Writing the Self
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ayrton, Hertha
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Scientific Publications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
B
	Baillie, Joanna
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Work
			Poetry
			Theatre Criticism
			Drama
			Editing
			Correspondence
		Cross-References
		References
	Bancroft, Marie
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Plays
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Barker, Lady Mary Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life in the Colonies
		Writing Career
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Barrett Browning, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction: Looking for ``Grandmothers´´
		Juvenilia and Earlier Works
		Transatlantic Fame and A Poetics in Transition: The 1840s
		Antislavery, Risorgimento, and ``Last´´ Poems
		``Titanic Opera´´: The Legacy of Aurora Leigh
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Baynton, Barbara
		Definition
		Introduction
		Publication and Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Beeton, Isabella
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Contributions to Women´s Health and Wellness
		Breastfeeding
		Wet Nurse
		Caring for Others: Measles, Bleeding, and Clean Air
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	A Beleaguered City (Oliphant)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Characterization
		Plot
		Analysis
		Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Berenson, Mary Costelloe
		Definition
		Introduction
		London and First Marriage
		Italy and Art Historical Publications
		Later Writings
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Besant, Annie
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education and Marriage
		Politics and Social Reform
		Religion and Science
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Bird, Isabella
		Definition
		Introduction
		Religion
		Imperialism
		Illness
		Scientific Ambition
		Globe-Trotting
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Black Beauty (A. Sewell)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Blackburn, Helen
		Definition
		Introduction
		Suffrage, Editorship, and Women´s Progress
		Historical Collection
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Blaze de Bury, Rose
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Blind, Mathilde
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Friendships and Relationships
		Later Life
		Poetry
			The Prophecy of St. Oran
			The Heather on Fire
			The Ascent of Man
			Dramas in Miniature
			Birds of Passage
		Reviewing
		Translation, Editing, and Biographical Writing
		Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Woman´s Rights
		Travelling and Painting
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Botany
		Definition
		Introduction
		Collecting
		Preserving
		Visualizing
		Describing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Boucherett, Jessie
		Definition
		Women´s Networks and the Woman Writer
		Journalism, Publishing, and Politics
		New Writing for the New Woman Reader
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Braddon, Mary Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Critical Hostility
		Scandals
		Other Genres
		Critical Recovery and Scholarly Approaches
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Brontë, Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Poetry
			Agnes Grey
			The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Brontë, Charlotte
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		The Author Emerges
		Works
		Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Brontë, Emily
		Definition
		Introduction
		Poetry
		Wuthering Heights
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Brooke, Emma Frances
		Definition
		Introduction
		1844-1879
		1880-1890
		1891-1900
		1901-1912
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Broughton, Rhoda
		Introduction
		Later Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Buckley, Arabella
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Works
		Science and Education
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Buddhism
		Definition
		Introduction: Early Victorian Encounters with Buddhism
		Victorian Women Writers and Buddhism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Burnett, Frances Hodgson
		Definition
		Early Life
		Early Career
		``Chestnuts off a Higher Bough´´
		Children´s Fiction
		Mid-career, Divorce, and Re-marriage
		The Secret Garden and Her Later Career
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Butler, Elizabeth Thompson
		Definition
		Introduction
			Married Life
		Literary Beginnings
		Literary Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Butler, Josephine
		Definition
		Introduction
		Social Caring
		Publishing: Political and Social Engagement for a Cause
		Historical Sources, Biographies, Monographs, and Articles
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
C
	Caddy, Florence
		Definition
		Biographical Summary
		Her Focus, System, and Principles
			Taste
			Food
			Snobbery
			Education
			Reactions to Mrs. Caddy´s Work
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Caird, Mona
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biographical Information
		The Great Marriage Debate of 1888
		Novels of Marriage, Novels of Vivisection
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cameron, Julia Margaret
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life Writing
		Historical and Classical Works
		The Woman Question
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Caribbean, The
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Caribbean Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
		Salomé Ureña
		Lola Rodríguez de Tió
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Carlyle, Jane Welsh
		Definition
		Life
		Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Carpenter, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Educational Reform and Juvenile Delinquency
		Penal Reform
		Education and Prison Reform in India
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cartwright, Julia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Years and Literary Formation
		Early Career and Influences During the 1870s
		Cartwright´s Rise to Prominence in the 1880s and 1890s
		Success as a Historian of the Italian Renaissance
		Networks and Connections
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Primary
			Secondary
	Catharine of Siena (Butler)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Chapbooks
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Children´s Fantasy
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Victorian Fantasy: Interruptions of the Real
		Making Children and Fairy Tales ``Real´´
		Gothic Fantasy for Children
		Portal Fantasy: Fairyland and Empire
		Modes of Publication
		The Afterlives of Victorian Children´s Fantasy by Women
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Children´s Hymns
		Definition
		Introduction
		Hymn Books Edited by Women
		Hymn Books Written by Women
		Hymns Written by Women
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Children´s Periodicals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Girls´ Magazines
		Amateur Contributions
		The Publishing Industry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Children´s Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Unruly Children and Imperfect Childhoods
		Innocent Children and Idealized Childhoods
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Children´s Shakespeare, The (Nesbit)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nesbit´s Adaptation
		Shakespeare and Victorian Women Writers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	China
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women´s Travel Writing and Questions of Form
		Notable Women Travelers in China
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	China Inland Mission
		Definition
		Introduction
			CIM Beginnings: From Bible Translation to Launching the Mission
			Pioneer CIM Women Missionaries
			Reception of CIM Missionaries
			Silk Road Travelers: CIM Single Women Missionaries in Central Asia
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cholmondeley, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Ambivalent Feminist
		Class Rebel
		Recovery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Clerke, Agnes Mary
		Introduction
		Writings
		Reception and ``New Astronomy´´
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Clive, Caroline
		Definition
		Introduction
			Early Years and Works
			Literary Acclaim and Marriage
				Paul Ferroll
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cobbe, Frances Power
		Definition
		Introduction
		Historiography of Victorian Feminism
		The Periodical Press
		The Woman Question
		Theological Writing and Anti-vivisection
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Coleridge, Christabel Rose
		Definition
		Beginnings
		Mature Career
		Genres
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Coleridge, Sara
		Definition
		Life and Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Condition of Working Women and the Factory Acts, The (Boucherett and Blackburn)
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Condition of Working Women and the Factory Acts
		The Factory Acts
		Women and Trade Unions
		Women Inspectors
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Contagious Diseases Acts, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		Josephine Butler´s Crusade
		The Contagious Diseases Acts in Victorian Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cook, Eliza
		Definition
		Life and Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cookbooks
		Definition
		Introduction
		Cookbooks and Victorian Identity
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Corelli, Marie
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writings
		Critical Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Corner, Julia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Overview
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cosmopolitanism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Transatlantic Abolitionism
		The Jewish Question
		Poetic Cosmopolitanisms
		Indian Subject Matter
		The Italian Question
		``A Citizeness of the World Now´´
		The ``Scramble for Africa´´ at Century´s End
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Craik, Dinah Mulock
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Crawshay, Rose Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Married Life
		A Decade of Activism
		Widowhood
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Crimean War, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		The War and Its Immediate Aftermath, 1854-1857
		Crimean War Nursing
		Soldiers´ Wives
		Beyond the Nineteenth Century
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Croker, Bithia Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Associations
		Irish Oppression
		Mail Order Brides
		Racial Prejudice in India and Burma
		Short Stories
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cross, Victoria
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Literary Career
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Crowe, Catherine
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Cruttwell, Maud [Alice Wilson]
		Definition
		Formative Years
		Art History Publications
		France and Later Work
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Cry of the Children, The´´ (Barrett Browning)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Impact and Readings
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Cumming, Constance
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
D
	Daisy Chain, The (Yonge)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Daniel Deronda (Eliot)
		Definition
		Introduction
			Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Davies, (Sarah) Emily
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writings
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Deafness
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nonfiction
		Fiction
		Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Detective Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Sensation Fiction and the First Detective Novel
		The Female Detective
		Serialized Detective Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Devotional Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Christian Devotional Poetry
		Jewish Devotional Poetry
		Islamic Devotional Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Devotionals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Devotional Places and Times
		Models of Devotion
		Devotional Writing as a Mode of Power
		Formal Characteristics
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Disability
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nonfiction
		Fiction
		Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Divorce Laws
		Definition
		Introduction
		Parliamentary Divorce: An Expensive Three-Step Process
		Parliamentary Divorce in the Press and Popular Fiction
		Scottish Divorce
		Divorce Alternatives Before and After 1857
		The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857 and the New Matrimonial Court
		Divorce in Fiction and the Press After the 1857 Act
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Dolby, Anastasia Marie
		Definition
		Life and Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Dougall, Lily
		Definition
		Life
		Fiction
		Theology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Dramatic Monologue
		Definition
		Introduction
			Resistance and Conformity
			Male Impersonation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Duff Gordon, Lucie
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Duncan, Sara Jeannette
		Definition
		Early Life and Journalism
		The Novels
		Duncan as Playwright
		Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Dutt, Toru
		Definition
			Translation, Poetry and Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
E
	East Lynne (Wood)
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Eastlake, Lady Elizabeth [Elizabeth Rigby]
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Eaton, Charlotte Ann
		Definition
		Introduction
		British Patriotism During the Napoleonic Wars
		Learned Englishwoman and the Italian Grand Tour
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ebsworth, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Plays
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Economics
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Economics of Capitalism
		Global Britain and Economics
		Economic Thought
		Working Women
		The Economics of Marriage
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Economics in Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Victorians: Martineau and Trollope
		Mid-Century Victorians: Gaskell, Brontë, Eliot
		Late-Century Victorians: Harkness, Levy, Egerton, Schreiner
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Eden, Emily
		Definition
		Introduction
		Travel Writing and Artistic Work
		Novels
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Editors
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Annuals and Magazines
		Professionalizing Female Editorship
		Domestic Audiences
		Popular Fiction
		Editing in Male-Dominated Presses
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Edwards, Amelia B.
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Novels
		Travel Writing: Italy and Egypt
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Egerton, George
		Definition
		Introduction
		Keynotes and Discords
		Later Years
		The New Woman
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Egyptology
		Definition
		Introduction
		Traveling to Egypt
		Promoting Egyptology
		Teaching Egyptology
		Excavating Ancient Egypt
		Cross-References
		References
	Ekphrasis
		Definition
		Introduction
			Ekphrasis and the Sister Arts
			Ekphrasis in Prose
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans]
		Definition
		Introduction
		Translation and Journalism
		Midlife: Fiction
		Later Life: Fiction and Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Eliza Cook´s Journal
		Definition
		Contributors
		Radical Essays
		Short Stories and Sketches
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ellis, Sarah Stickney
		Definition
		Early Life
		Marriage and Rise to Fame
		Conduct Manuals
		Fiction
		Rawdon House School and Views on Education
		Writings on Art and Aesthetics
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	English Woman´s Journal
		Definition
			The English Woman´s Journal, March 1858-August 1864
		Introduction
			The Langham Place Group
		Origins of the Journal
		Feminism, Victorian Propriety, and Tone
		Structure and Content
		The Beginning of the End for the English Woman´s Journal
		Summary
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Essays on Woman´s Work (Rayner Parkes)
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Penniless Educated Woman
		Women in Trade
		Advancements in Education for Women
		The Working-Class Woman
		Summary
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Evangelicalism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Defining Evangelicalism
		Evangelical Novels
		Evangelical Works for Children
		Evangelical Hymns
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Evolution and Sensation Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ewing, Juliana
		Definition
		Life
		Work
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
F
	Face of the Deep, The (Rossetti)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Factory Acts
		Definition
		A Brief Overview of Factory Acts (1802-1901)
		Women´s Responses to the Factory Acts
		The Factory Acts in Women´s Prose
		The Factory Acts in Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fairy Tales
		Definition
		Reshaping of the Fairy Tale for Children
		Fairy Tales for Adult Readers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Faithfull, Emily
		Definition
		Women´s Organizational Networks
		Printing
		Scandal
		Victoria Magazine and Other Publications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fallen Woman
		Definition
		Introduction
		In Literature
		In Prose
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Family Secrets (Ellis)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Alcohol and the Separate Spheres
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fane, Violet (Lady Mary Montgomery Currie)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Poems
		Aestheticism
		Later Poems
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fashion Journalism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Fashions for All
		A ``Woman´s World´´
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fawcett, Millicent Garrett
		Definition
		Introduction
		Suffrage and Reform
		Early Writings in Political Economy
		Janet Doncaster
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fawcett, Philippa
		Definition
		Early Life
		Cambridge, Tripos, and Research
		Limitations in a Masculine Field
		Life Abroad and as a Civil Servant
		Death
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Felix Holt, The Radical (Eliot)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Female Industry´´ (Martineau)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Female Labor
		Women´s Rural Industry
		Commercial Female Industry
		Female Education
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Feminism/Feminist Theory
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Marriage Reform
		Single Women
		Paid Work and Working Conditions
		Sex Work
		Suffrage
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fenwick Miller, Florence
		Definition
		Introduction
		Childhood and Early Interests
		Political Representation and Women´s Issues
		Writing Career
		Later Career: Journalism and Women´s Issues
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Field, Michael
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biography
		Reception
		Scholarship
		Works: Lyric Poems
		Works: Verse Drama
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Letters and Diaries
			Dramas
			Lyric Poetry
			Secondary Sources
	Fletcher, Julia Constance [George Fleming]
		Definition
		Introduction
		Transcontinental Influences
		Marriage and the New Woman
		Later Life
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Food Adulteration
		Definition
		Introduction
		Food Adulteration in Victorian Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Food in the Colonies
		Definition
		Introduction
		Domestic Labor
		Racial Exclusivity
		Colonial Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Food Studies
		Definition
		Authorship and Readerships
		Food, Family, and Domestic Economy
		Taste, Appetite, and Pleasure
		Food, Nation, and Culinary Exchange
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fothergill, Jessie
		Definition
		Introduction
		Novels
		International Success and Travel
		Literary Style
		Legacy
		Cross-References
		References
	Freethinkers
		Definition
		Introduction
		Freethinking Women
		The Freethought Movement in Britain
		The Early Nineteenth Century
		The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	French Revolutions
		Definition
		British Women Writers´ Experiences of French Revolutions
		1830: From the House of Bourbon to the House of Oréans
		1848: From King Louis Philippe I to Napoléon III
		1870-1871: From the Second to the Third Republic
		Cross-Fertilizations
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Fry, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Quaker Influences
		Philanthropy
		Prison Reform
		Public Influence
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
G
	Galletti di Cadilhac, Margaret
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Garrett, Agnes
		Definition
		Home Life
		Creative Life
			Architectural Design
		``The Woman Question´´
		Authorship
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Garrett, Rhoda
		Definition
		Family and Intellectual Antecedents
		Feminist House Decorator and Campaigner
		Literary Works
		Reception and the Test of Time
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Garrett Anderson, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Early Life
		Medical Education
		Medical Practice
		Professional Writing
		Retirement and Death
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Gaskell, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Family, Networks, and ``Narratability´´
		Unitarianism and Women´s Education
		Manchester and Social Problem Fiction
		Maternity, Writing, and Women´s Work
		History, Trauma, and Narrative Form
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Gastro-Cosmopolitanism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Geography
		Introduction
		Women Travellers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Geology
		Definition
		Introduction: Women in the Landscape of British Geology
		Excavating Contributions
		Popularizing Geology
		Research Publications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ghost Stories
		Definition
		Introduction
		Spiritualism
		Domestic Crime and Gendered Repression
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Gilberne, Agnes
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Gillington, Alice E.
		Definition
		Introduction
		Poetry and Lyrics
		Song Collection
		Interest in Gypsy Culture
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Girl of the Period´´ (Linton)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Critical Reception
		Context and Influence
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Goblin Market´´ (Rossetti)
		Definition
		Cross-References
		References
	Gothic
		Definition
		Introduction
			Female Gothic
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Grand, Sarah
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Early Marriage
		Literary Career
		The New Woman and the New Man
		Later Years
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Green, Mary Anne Everett
		Definition
		The Pioneering Historian
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Greenwell, Dora
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life and First Publications
		Josephine Butler and ``Christina´´
		Social Reform and the Royal Albert Asylum for Idiots of the Northern Counties
		Religion, Philosophy, and Life-Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
H
	Hack, Maria Barton
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Years
		Hack as Author
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Harraden, Beatrice
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Harrison, Susan Frances
		Definition
		Introduction: Life
		Journalism
		Fiction
		Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		Works
		References
	Hays, Matilda Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Acting and Writing Careers
		Journalism and the Langham Place Group
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Heavenly Twins, The (Grand)
		Definition
		Plot
		Critical Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Heir of Redclyffe, The (Yonge)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Popularity
		Disability
		Femininity
		Genre
		Ethics
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hepworth Dixon, Ella
		Definition
		Introduction
		Journalism
		New Woman Novel
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Higgin, Letitia [Lily]
		Definition
		Her Life
		A Conundrum
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Higher Education of Women, The (Davies)
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Higher Education of Women: A review in detail
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hill, Octavia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Hill as Reformer
		Hill as Writer
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hinduism
		Definition
		Introduction: Hinduism in Colonial India
		British Women Writers and Hinduism: Theological Perspectives
		Representation of Hinduism: Nineteenth-Century Fiction
		Critique of Hinduism: Polemics, Autobiographies, and Speeches
		Conclusion: Conversion and Conflict
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hints on Self-Help (Boucherett)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Boucherett´s Ideal Woman
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Historical Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Early Church
		Religious Reform
		Tudor Queens
		Fiction of the Recent Past
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	History of the Peace (Martineau)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Background
		Style
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hoggan, Frances
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life and Education
		Medical Career and Marriage
		Writings for Social Reform
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Horticulture
		Definition
		Introduction
			Early Nineteenth-Century Garden Writing
			The Gender Politics of Garden Writing
			Genres of Garden Writing: The Practical Guide
			Botany Books
			Indoor Gardening
			The Narrative Account
			Gardening and Empire
			Audience
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Housman, Clemence
		Definition
		Introduction
		Contributions to the Suffrage Movement
		Literary Output
		Retirement at Longmeadow
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Howitt, Mary
		Definition
		Biography and Overview
		Writing for Children and Young Readers
		Translation
		Collaborative and Life-Writing
		Periodical Press
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Hubback, Catherine Anne (née Austen)
		Life
		Appropriation and Continuation
		Victorian Novels
		Women´s Issues
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Huggins, Margaret Lindsay
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
I
	Illustrations of Political Economy (Martineau)
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Illustrations of Political Economy
		Literary Influence
		Contemporary Reception
		Modern Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	India
		Definition
		Introduction
		British Nonfiction Writing About India
		British Fiction
		Indian Writing in English
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Indian Women´s Periodicals
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Indian Woman Question
		Women´s Literacy and the Modernization of Culture
		Women-Produced Publications
		Indian Publications in English
		Journalism and Reform
		British Intersections
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Industrialization
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nonfiction Prose
		Creative Writing: Novels and Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Infant Custody Act
		Definition
		The 1839 Infant Custody Act and the Advocacy of Caroline Norton
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ingelow, Jean
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biography
		The Youth´s Magazine and Fiction for Children
		Novels
		Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Irish Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women of the Nation
		Poetry, Activism, and Sedition: The Parnell Sisters
		More than Poetesses: The 1880s
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Islam
		Definition
		History
		Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Italian Art
		Definition
		Introduction
		Writing on Italian Art in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
		Promoting the Primitives
		German Scholarship and Empirical Methods
		Old Master Techniques, New Connoisseurship
		Writing Art History for the Periodical Press
		The Serialized Artist´s Monograph
		Writing Histories of the Renaissance
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
J
	Jameson, Anna Brownell
		Definition
		Introduction: Early Life to The Diary of an Ennuyée
		Writings: Portrayals of Women and of Travels
		The Making of an Art Historian
		Art Publications: Realized and Proposed
			Sacred and Legendary Art
		The Woman Question
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Jane Eyre (C. Brontë)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Critical Reception and Textual Insights
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Jewishness and Judaism
		Definition
		Introduction: Contextualizing Jewishness, Judaism, and Gender in Victorian England
		Christian Women Writers and Representations of Jewishness
		Jewish Women Writers and Representations of Jewishness
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Jewsbury, Geraldine
		Definition
		Introduction
			Fiction
			Other Works
			Friendship with the Carlyles
			Personal Life
			Afterlife
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Jex-Blake, Sophia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Professional Writing
		Medical Education and Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Johnson, E. Pauline, Tekahionwake
		Definition
		Biography
		Publications
		Indigeneity and Gender
		Reception and Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Johnston, Ellen
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Journalism
		Definition
		Women Journalists
			A New Phenomenon
			Facts and Figures
			Professional Organizations
			Caricatural Depictions
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
K
	Kavanagh, Julia: English Women of Letters and French Women of Letters
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Kemp, Emily Georgiana
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Travels in Asia
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Kendall, May
		Definition
		Introduction
		Periodical Publications
			Dreams to Sell
			Songs from Dreamland
		Fiction
		Sociology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Kingsford, Anna
		Definition
		Introduction
		Animal Rights
		Medical Degree
		Theosophy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Kingsley, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Historical Context
		Work
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
L
	Lady Audley´s Secret (Braddon)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Madness
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lady of the House, The
		Definition
		A Magazine in a Changing Ireland
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lambert, Frances S.
		Definition
		Traces of Miss Lambert´s Life and Work
		Reception and the Test of Time
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Langham Place Group
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Law
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Novel
		Reformers´ Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
	Lee, Vernon
		Definition
		Introduction
		Europe and Italy 1860s-1870s: Education
		Britain 1880s: Aestheticism
		Italy and Germany 1890s: Psychological Aesthetics
		Italy and Britain 1900-1920: War Years
		Italy 1920-1935: Words, Music, and Intelligence
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Leprohon, Rosanna
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Poetry and Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Letters on the Law of Man´s Nature and Development (Martineau)
		Description
		Introduction
		Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Levy, Amy
		Introduction
		Reception and Interest
		Works
		Novels
			Levy´s Jewish World
		Melancholy and Marginalization
		Social Codes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Life and Letters of Lady Arabella Stuart, The (Cooper)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Life in the Sick-Room (Martineau)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Life of Charlotte Brontë, The (Gaskell)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Plotting The Life
		Haworth and Isolation
		Publication and the Third Edition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Linton, Eliza Lynn
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Woman Question
		Journalism
		Novels
		Linton and Science
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lister, Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		The Journals
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lois the Witch (Gaskell)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Plot
		Victorian Contexts and Historical References
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lovelace, Ada
		Definition
		Introduction
		Flyology
		Education
		Work with Charles Babbage
		Other Work
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Lyric Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
			Lyric Poetry: History, Criticism, and Theory
			Victorian Women Poets, Literary History, and New Genres
			Origins and Functions of Lyric Poetry
			Lyric Poetry and Social Engagement
			Lyric Poetry and Victorian Religious Verse
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Primary Sources
			Selected Additional References
M
	Maitland, Agnes C.
		Definition
		Introduction
		Domestic Economy and Women´s Education
		Work at Somerville College
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Makers of Florence, The (Oliphant)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Background and Reception
		Content
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Readings
	Malet, Lucas [Mary St. Ledger Kingsley Harrison]
		Definition
		Introduction
		An Unconventional Life
		Writing Career
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mant, Alicia Catherine
		Science Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Marcet, Jane
		Definition
		Introduction
		Political Economy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Married Women´s Property Acts
		Definition
		Introduction: Wives´ Status
		Committee and Campaigning
		Married Women´s Property Act 1870
		Married Women´s Property Act 1882
		Married Women´s Property Acts in Victorian Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Marshall, Emma
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Children´s Fiction and Historical Novels
		Publication History
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Martineau, Harriet
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Popularizer or Original Thinker?
		Sociologist
		Feminism
		Journalism
		Autobiography
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mary Barton (Gaskell)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Origin and Plot
		Publication History and Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Masculinity
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Maternity Dress
		Definition
		Introduction
		Advice Literature
		Life-Writing and Shared Experiences
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Maternity Manuals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Some Things Never Change: The Original Mum-Shaming
		Continuing Conundrums
		Conceptual Flexibility
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mathematics
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women´s Mathematical Education: Self-Study
		Women´s Mathematical Education: University Education
		Employment in Mathematics
		Recreational Mathematics
		Mathematics Societies
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
		Definition
		Introduction
		Political Debates
		The New Divorce Court
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Maynard, Constance Louisa
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Higher Education and Career
		Faith, Mission, and Desire
		Religious Philosophy, Editing, and Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Meade, L.T.
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biography
		Girls´ Books and Atalanta
		Crime Fiction and Mysteries
		Critical Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Medicine
		Definition
		Introduction
		Patient Perspectives
		Practitioner Perspectives
			Liberty and the Sexual Education of Women and Girls
			Women´s Health Under the British Raj
			Medicine´s Influence on the New Woman Writer
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Melodrama
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Playwrighting Profession
		Women´s Embodied Voices on Stage
		Adaptation
		The East End
		Melodrama in Other Forms
		Cross-References
		References
	Memoir/Life Writing
		Definition
		Writing and Reading First-Person Documents
		Category Boundaries and Limitations
		Diaries and Journals
		Letters
		Memoirs and Reminiscences
		Popularity and Ongoing Value
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England (Elwood)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Victorian Collective Biographies
		Publication of Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England
		Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Women´s Authorship
		The Lives of Eighteenth-Century British Women Writers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mew, Charlotte
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Fiction
		Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Meynell, Alice
		Definition
		Introduction and Early Life
		Conversion to Catholicism and Early Poetry
		Married Life and Prose Publications
		Suffragism, World War I, and Poetic Renaissance
		Final Publications and Death
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Middlemarch (Eliot)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Themes and Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Midwifery
		Definition
		Literary Midwives
		Reform and Midwifery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mill on the Floss, The (Eliot)
		Definition
		Female Bildung: No Future for the (Fallen) New Woman
		The Novel´s Famous Flood Ending
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Modern Cookery for Private Families (Acton)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Novel Features: Educating the Inexperienced Cook
		Acton´s Style
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Monthly Packet, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		History
		Purpose and Views
		Content
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Moodie, Susanna Strickland
		Definition
		Biographical Context
		Canadian Publications
		Anti-slavery Narratives
		Other Writings
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mourning Dress
		Definition
		Introduction
		Reading the Stages of Mourning
		Mourning and Class
		Widows
		Black Non-Mourning Dress
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mozley, Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Work 1830s-1840s
		Christian Remembrancer Period, Late 1840s-1868
		Secular Periodical Press Period 1859-1870s
		Letters and Papers Period 1880s-1890
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mrs. Beeton´s Book of Household Management (Beeton)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Gastro-cosmopolitanism
		Livestock Management and Beef-Eating
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Mullens, Hannah Catherine
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Critical Response
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Museums
		Definition
		Women and the Imagination of Museums
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Music and Musicians
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women´s Writing on Music and Musicians
			Journalism
		Musicology
		Biography and Translation
		Memoirs and Autobiographies of Musicians and Composers
		Music and Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Music Education: The Case of Annie Curwen
		Definition
		Introduction
		Scholarship on Curwen
		Public Presence
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
N
	Naden, Constance
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biographical Overview
		1875-1879
		1879-1881
		1882-1887
		1887-1889
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Naidu, Sarojini
		Definition
		Introduction and Early Life
		Poetry: Decadent Exoticism and Strategic Orientalism
		Midlife
		Politics: Feminism, Nationalism, Afrasianism
		Final Years
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Napoleonic Wars, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		History
		Eyewitness Accounts
		Memoir at a Remove
		Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Narrative Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Narrative Poetry and the Periodical Press
		Narrative Poetry: Social and Political Dimensions
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Natural History
		Definition
		Introduction: The Victorians and Natural History
		Popularizing Natural History
		Practicing Natural History
		Women as ``Discoverers´´
		Natural History Abroad
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Nesbit, Edith
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life and Marriages
		Poetry
		Fiction
		Afterlife
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Newmarch, Rosa Harriet
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Music and Writing
		Travel to Russia and Promotion of Russian Music
		Editing Work and Program Note Writing
		Other Writings
		Later Musical Interests
		Newmarch and Women´s Issues
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Nightingale, Florence
		Introduction
		Early Years and Education
		Nursing Education and Training
		Nursing: The Crimean War
		After the War: Reform Advocacy
		Other Writings and Work
		Later Years and Recognition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Nonsense Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nonsense in the Classroom
		Nonsense in the Laboratory
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	North and South (Gaskell)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Beyond the Parochial
		Class Relations
		Gender
		Religion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	North, Marianne
		Definition
		Life
			Recollections and Further Recollections
		Kew and the Gallery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Norton, Caroline
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Career
		Legal Actions
		Celebrity Status
		Political Reputation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Notes on Nursing (Nightingale)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Sanitation and Miasma
		Text Organization
		Rhetorical Strategies
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Novels
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Nursing
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nursing Manuals
		The Ladies´ Sanitary Association
		Nursing Periodicals
		Literary Nursing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
O
	Obstetrics
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life-Writing
		Advice and Activism
		Professional Writing
		Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Occult
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women Writers of the Occult
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Olcott Perkins, Lucy May
		Definition
		Introduction
		Siena
		After Siena
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Oliphant, Margaret
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Journalism
		Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Opera
		Definition
		Introduction: Women Opera Composers and English Opera Before the Victorian Period
		Women Opera Composers and English Opera 1800-1870s
		Women Opera Composers and English Opera from the 1880s Onward
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Oram, Blanche [Roma White]
		Definition
		Introduction
		Journalism
		Fiction
		Non-fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Orr, Alexandra
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women´s Suffrage
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ouida
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
P
	Pankhurst, Emmeline
		Definition
		Introduction
		Political Work
		Later Life and Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Parkes, Bessie Rayner
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Years
		The Woman Question
		Marriage and Widowhood
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Pechey, Edith
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Archives
	Penny Bloods and Penny Dreadfuls
		Definition
		Introduction
			Penny Blood or Penny Dreadfuls?
			Authorship, Anonymity, and Criticism
			Women Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Periodical Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Annuals and Expanded Opportunities in Periodicals
		Poetry in Women´s Periodicals
		Erasure and Recovery of Women´s Poetry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (Butler)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Phantasmion (S. Coleridge)
		Definition
		Plot
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Philanthropy
		Definition
		Introduction
		Philanthropic Writing
		Ambivalence Toward Female Philanthropists
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Philosophy of (Wo)man´s Nature
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Public Debate on Woman´s Nature and Her Rights of Access
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Photography
		Definition
		Introduction
		Realism, Domesticity, and the Fine Art Photograph
		Poetic Portraiture and Pictorialism
		Documentation, Science and the Cyanotype
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Pirkis, Catherine Louisa
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Works: Tales of Sensation, Romance, Mystery, and Crime
		Later Work: The Lady Detective Is Born
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Political Economy
		Definition
		Introduction
		Didacticism and Fiction
		Imagining Political and Economic Liberation
		Formal Economic Engagement
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Poor Laws, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Old Poor Law
		The New Poor Law
		Literary and Feminist Responses
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Government Documents
			Victorian Reports, Novels, Pamphlets, and Periodicals
			Personal Correspondence
			Secondary Sources
			Websites
	Popular Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	A Popular History of Astronomy (Clerke)
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Portsmouth, Eveline
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Poetical Birthday Book
		Contributions to the Woman´s World
		Social Causes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Pratt, Anne
		Definition
		Childhood and Early Career
		Botanical Writing
		Other Works
		Criticism
		Later and Personal Life
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Prescott, Oliveria Louisa
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life: Student and Composer
		Teaching and Lecturing
		Writings on Music
		About Music, And What It Is Made Of
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Procter, Adelaide
		Definition
		Introduction
		Feminism and Social Action
		Procter´s Catholicism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Provincial Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Provincial Novels and Novelists
		Theorizing Provincialism
		Gendering Provincial Fiction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Psychology
		Introduction
		The Development of Psychology
		Literature and Psychology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
Q
	Quakers
		Definition
		Introduction
		Religious Writings
		Life Writing
		Quaker Women Writers, Animals, and Natural History
		Quaker Women and the Periodical Press
		Writing for Children and Young Adults
		The Liberal Turn
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Queen Victoria in the Highlands
		Definition
		Introduction
		Steps into Scotland and into Print
		The Romance of Scotland
		Grief and Memorials
		Reception
			Summary
		Cross-References
		References
R
	Rational Dress
		Definition
		Introduction
		Social Context
		Fictional Representations of Rational Dress
		Rational Dress and Physical Mobility
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Realism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early-Victorian Realism and the ``Social Problem´´ Novel
		Mid-Victorian Realism: The World According to George Eliot
		The Late-Victorian Period: Realistic, but Not Realism
		Conclusion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Red Pottage (Cholmondeley)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Women
		Religion
		The Ending
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Religion
		Definition
		Religion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Remarks on the Education of Girls (Rayner Parkes)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Public Reception
		Context, Influences, and Recommendations for Social Change
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Rhythm of Life, The´´ (Meynell)
		Definition
		``The Rhythm of Life´´
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Riddell, Charlotte
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Style
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Risorgimento, The
		Definition
		Introduction
		Reimagining Italy: Nationalist Rhetoric, the Periodical Press, and Women Writers
		La Bella Italia: Literary Traditions and Feminine Authority
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Robinson, A. Mary F.
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Years and London Life
		Marriages, Poetry, Life in Paris
		The Modern Woman of Letters in the Anglo-French Community
		Final Years
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Robinson, Emma
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Historical Novels
		Contemporary Novels
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Robins-Pennell, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biography
		Publications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Roman Catholicism
		Introduction
			Adelaide Anne Procter
			Lady Georgiana Fullerton [née Levenson-Gower]
		Margaret Anna Cusack
		Julia Kavanagh
		Mary Anne Sadlier
		Alice Meynell
		Florence Marryat
		Fin de Siècle
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Romance of a Shop, The (Levy)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Setting Up Shop
		Female Independence
		Urban Landscape
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	A Romance of Two Worlds (Corelli)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Science
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Romola (Eliot)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ross, Janet
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Rossetti, Christina
		Definition
		Introduction
		Simple Multiplicity
		Consumption or Communion
		Green Sanctuaries
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Routledge, Katherine
		Definition
		Introduction
		Polynesian Anthropology
		Tripartite Research Relationship
		Research Questions and Methods
		Ahu Tongariki and the Archeological Record
		Summary: Katherine Routledge´s Legacy
		Cross-References
		References
	Royal Children of English History (Nesbit)
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ruth (Gaskell)
		Definition
		The Subject of Ruth
		Cross-References
		References
S
	Sanitary Reform
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Reformers
		Professionalization
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sapphic Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Sappho´s Love Lyrics
		Sappho´s Indirect Influences
		Lyrical Brevity and Fragmentation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Scharlieb, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Medical Career
		Medical Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Schreiner, Olive
		Definition
		Introduction
		Schreiner and the New Woman Novel
		Schreiner, Race, and Commonwealth Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Science
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Travel
		Natural History
		Astronomy
		Chemistry
		Geology
		Mathematics
		Science and Literature
		Edging Women Out
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Science Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Science as Problem and Promise
		Occult Science Fiction and Planetary Romance
		Utopias, Dystopias, and Anti-utopias
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Scott, Caroline Lucy
		Life
		Friendships with Female Authors
		Novels
		Religious Writings
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Scott, Harriet Anne
		Introduction
		Life
		Rights for Women
		The Koh-I-Noor
		Philanthropic Female Knitting
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Scott, Jane
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
			Theatre Management and Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Seacole, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Professional Life
		Work in the Crimea
		Later Life
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sellers Strong, Eugenie
		Definition
		Introduction: Background and Early Life
		Cambridge, London, Athens, and Munich
		Greece, Italy, and Germany
		Return to London, Marriage, and Chatsworth
		Return to Rome
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Background Bibliography
	Sensation Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Sense, Meaning and Interpretation´´ (Welby)
		Description
		Introduction
			``Sense, Meaning and Interpretation´´
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sewell, Anna
		Introduction
		Black Beauty
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sewell, Mary
		Definition
		Early Life and Marriage
		Writing Beginnings, Religious Crisis, and Philanthropic Work
		Literary Career
		Old Age and Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sewing and Patterns
		Definition
		Introduction
		Professional Careers
		Art Needlework
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Shadow of Ashlydyat, The (Wood)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Genre
		Depictions of Women
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Siddall, Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Poetry
		Publication History
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	``Silly Novels by Lady Novelists´´ (Eliot)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Content
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Silver Fork
		Definition
		Introduction
		Novel Production and Reception
		Major Themes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Simcox, Edith
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Activism
		Relationship with George Eliot
		Later Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Skene, Felicia
		Definition
		Introduction
			Early Life
			Works and Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Smythies, Harriette Maria Gordon
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK)
		Definition
		Introduction
			Elizabeth Rundle Charles (1828-1896): The Anglican Calendar of Saints and Martyrs and Te Deum Laudamus: Christian Life in Song...
			Emily C. Orr and Working-Class Devotional Literature
			Christina Rossetti: Devotional Books for the SPCK
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Society for Promoting Female Education (FES) in China, India, and the East
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Society for the Promotion of the Employment of Women
		Definition
		Zeitgeist and Precursors
		Genesis of the Society
		Initiatives
		Literary Impact
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG)
		Definition
		Introduction
			Pioneer Missionaries in the East India Mission: Henry Martyn, Thomas Middleton, Reginald Heber, and Daniel Wilson
			SPG Missionaries in Other Lands: Charles Mackenzie, John Coleridge Patteson, and Others
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Somerville, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Works
		Somerville´s Legacy
		Cross-References
		References
	Sonnets from the Portuguese (Barrett Browning)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Composition and Publication
		Petrarchan Traditions
		Summary: Critical Reception
		Cross-References
		References
	Sorabji, Cornelia
		Definition
		Introduction
		Overcoming Barriers
		Writing and Social Reform
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Sorrows of Satan, The (Corelli)
		Introduction
		Religion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Spence, Catherine Helen
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life
		Fiction
		Political Activism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Spiritualism and Theosophy
		Definition
		Introduction
		Victorian Women Writers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Springtime of the People, 1848
		Definition
		Introduction
		Epistolary Responses
		Fictional and Poetic Responses
		Responses Through Journalism and Nonfictional Prose
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Steel, Flora Annie
		Definition
		Introduction
		India and Empire in Steel´s Writings
		Literary Culture, Suffrage, and Flora Annie Steel
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Stokes, Margaret McNair
		Definition
		Introduction: Margaret McNair Stokes and Irish Antiquarian Networks
		Margaret Stokes and Scholarly Networks
		Margaret Stokes: Artist and Illustrator
		Margaret Stokes and the Sculpted Cross
		Summary: Margaret Stokes and the History of Irish Art and Architecture
		Cross-References
		References
	Stopford Green, Alice
		Definition
		Introduction
		Research and Publications as a Historian
		Travel, Networks, and Organizing
		Ireland and Africa
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Story of an African Farm, The (Schreiner)
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Question of Genre
		Settler Fiction and the Colonial Economy
		Protagonists, Alone in a Brutal Place
		The Individual and the Earth
		The Imagination and Schreiner´s Anti-colonial Critique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Story of the Amulet, The (Nesbit)
		Definition
		E. Nesbit´s The Story of the Amulet
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Strickland, Agnes
		Definition
		Introduction
		Background
		Early Works
			The Lives of the Queens of England
		Later Works and Reputation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Suburban Fiction
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Suffrage
		Definition
		Introduction
		Suffrage in the Nineteenth Century: The Early Debates
		Suffrage in the Twentieth Century: Nationalization, Militancy, and Eventual Success
		Suffrage in Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Suffrage Journalism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Suggestions for Thought (Nightingale)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nightingale´s Theology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Syrett, Netta
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education
		Journalism
		New Woman
		Scandal
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
T
	Taylor, Harriet
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life and First Marriage
		From Democracy to Socialism
		Second Marriage, Enfranchisement, and Subjection
		Summary: Liberty and Death
		Cross-References
		References
	Taylor, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Childhood and Education
		New Zealand Business Success
		Her Feminist Articles, Short Stories, and First Book
		Her Novel
		Her Travel Book
		Her Death and Legacy
		Cross-References
		References
	Tenant of Wildfell Hall, The (A. Brontë)
		Definition
		Anne Brontë´s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848): Breaking Married Women´s Legal Silence Through the Diary Novel
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Terry, Ellen
		Definition
		Introduction
		Acting and Scholarship
		Shakespeare Lectures
		Letters
		Shaw-Terry Correspondence
		Woolf´s Modernist Ellen Terry
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Thackeray Ritchie, Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
		A Literary Aristocrat: The Life of Anne Thackeray Ritchie
		Daughter of Cornhill: Ritchie as an Essayist
		Impressionist Fiction
		Bluebeard´s Daughter: Thackeray Ritchie´s Realist Fairytales
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Theatre Critics
		Definition
		Introduction
		Female Journalists on the Drama
		Theatre Reviews in Women´s Periodicals
		The Female Drama Critic
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Thomas, Annie
		Definition
		Introduction
		Reception
		Annie Thomas´ Works
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Thorne, Isabel
		Definition
		Introduction
		Medical Education
		Professional Life and Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Time Flies: A Reading Diary (Rossetti)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Tonna, Charlotte Elizabeth
		Definition
		Introduction
		Ireland, the Irish, and Anti-Catholicism
		Activist and Editor
		Industrial Fiction and Political Economy
		Philosemitism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Traill, Catharine Parr
		Definition
		Biographical Context
		English Publications
		Canadian Publications
		Place in Canadian Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Travel and Redundant Women
		Definition
		Introduction
		Redundant Women
		Anna Brownell Jameson
		Emigration Societies
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Trinitarian Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		Religion and Creation
		Incarnation and Crucifixion
		Women´s Poetry on the Holy Spirit
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Readings
	Trollope, Frances Eleanor
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Marriage and Beginning of Career
		Writing
		Relationship with Dickens
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Trollope, Frances Milton
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life
		Marriage and Money Troubles
		Travel to the United States
		Return to Europe
		Later Life in Florence
		Pioneering Genres
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
U
	Unitarianism
		Definition
		Introduction
		Victorian Unitarianism
		Unitarianism and Gender
		Unitarian Women´s Writing
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	University Education
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Emergence of the English University Woman
		Pelvic Power Threatened
		The Disappearance of Good Wives
		The Unfeminine Mystique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	University Extension Movement
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Development of the University Extension Movement
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
V
	Vegetarian Messenger, The
		Definition
		The Vegetarian Society
		Vegetarian Periodicals
		Gender Ideology and The Vegetarian Movement
		Lady Lecturers
		Beatrice Lindsay and the Vegetarian Messenger in the 1880s and 1890s
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Vegetarianism
		Definition
		Introduction
			``Vegetable Diet´´
			The First ``Vegetarians´´
			Vegetarians and Modernity
			Women Writers and Vegetarianism Utopianism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Victorian Women Artists´ Autobiographies: Breaking the Mold
		Definition
		Introduction
		Anna Mary Howitt and Louise Jopling: Beyond Gendered Spaces
		Henrietta Ward and Elizabeth Thompson Butler: Transgressing Gender Protocol
		Estella Starr Canziani: Rejecting Hegemonic Femininity
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Villette (C. Brontë)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Critical Reception and Textual Insights
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Vivisection
		Definition
		The Victorian Vivisection Debates: An Introduction
		A Woman´s Question?
		Nonfiction Writing: Periodicals and Newspapers
		Fiction-Writing: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Vocal Music (Popular)
		Definition
		Introduction: The Training of British Women Composers in the Nineteenth Century
		The Rise of the Piano Industry and Sheet Music Publishing
		Women Ballad Composers
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	von Arnim, Elizabeth, The German Novels of
		Definition
		Introduction
		Von Arnim´s Nuanced Representations of Germany
		Her Fiction´s Increasing Transnationality
		Von Arnim´s Performances of Expatriate Identity
		Von Arnim´s Expatriate Experimentalism
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
W
	War Writing
		Definition
		Introduction
		Post-Napoleonic Wars Era
		The Crimean War
		Transatlantic and Trans-Continental Engagement
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Ward, Mary Augusta [Mrs. Humphry]
		Definition
		Introduction
		Oxford
		Robert Elsmere
		Later Fiction
		Anti-Suffrage
		Last Years and Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Webb, (Martha) Beatrice, Baroness Passfield
		Definition
		Introduction
		Intellectual Apprenticeship
		The Woman Question
		Early Work
		Marriage: A Happy and Fruitful Working Partnership
		Royal Commission (1905-1909)
		Later Life
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Webb, Mary
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life in Shropshire
		Writing: Her Early Novels
		London Life
		Writing: Webb´s Later Novels
		Death and Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Webster, Augusta
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Career
		Critical Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Welby, Lady Victoria
		Definition
		Introduction
		Works and Reception
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Wetherald, Ethelwyn
		Definition
		Introduction: Life
		Journalism
		Poetry
		Poetic Connection with Helena Coleman
		One Co-written Novel
		Later Poems
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Wilford, Florence
		Definition
		Introduction
		Literary Career
		Gosling Society
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Wilson, Mary Anne
		Definition
		Introduction
			Appeals in Missionary Papers
			Female Education
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Winkworth, Catherine and Susanna
		Definition
		Introduction
		Catherine Winkworth
		Susanna Winkworth
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Women of England, The (Ellis)
		Definition
		Cross-References
		References
	Women´s Vegetarian Union, The
		Definition
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Wood, Ellen [Mrs Henry]
		Definition
		Early Life
		East Lynne
		Later Literary Work
		Last Years and Legacy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Woolf, Virginia
		Definition
		Introduction
			``The Four Great Novelists´´
			The Problem of ``Conscious Bias´´
		£500 a Year
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Working-Class Poetry
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Working-Class Newspaper Poet: Opportunities and Challenges
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Wuthering Heights (E. Brontë)
		Definition
		Introduction
		Erotic and Religious Vision
		Form and Genre
		Class, Gender, and Race
		Other Readings
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
			Further Reading
Y
	Yonge, Charlotte
		Definition
		Introduction
		Early Life and Education
		Literary Success
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References