The Once-Only Principle. The TOOP Project

Preface
Introduction 	The Once-Only Principle (TOOP)
Contents
The Once-Only Principle: A Matter of Trust
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Large-Scale Piloting in Europe
	3 Overview of the TOOP Book
		3.1 Implementation of the ‘Once-Only’ Principle in Europe
		3.2 Drivers, Barriers, and Opportunities
		3.3 Good Practices of OOP Across Europe
		3.4 Impact of the Once Only Principle for Businesses Across Borders
		3.5 The Single Digital Gateway Regulation and Other Legal Aspects
		3.6 Architecture
		3.7 Testing Methodology for the TOOP Pilots
		3.8 Pilot Experiences: Challenges and Achievements in Implementing Once-Only
		3.9 Future of the Once-Only Principle in Europe
	4 The Once-Only Principle and the Further Development of the Single Digital Gateway
	References
Implementation of the ‘Once-Only’ Principle in Europe – National Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 National Approaches Towards Implementing the OOP
	3 Benefits of the OOP
	4 Implementing the OOP in the TOOP Project
		4.1 General Business Mobility
		4.2 E-procurement
		4.3 Maritime Pilot
	5 Summary
	Appendix
	References
Drivers for and Barriers to the Cross-border Implementation of the Once-Only Principle
	1 Introduction
	2 The Factors Impacting OOP Initiatives in a Cross-border Context
		2.1 Factors Generally Impacting OOP Initiatives in a Cross-border Context
		2.2 Technological Factors
		2.3 Organizational Factors
		2.4 Institutional Factors
		2.5 Actors
		2.6 Other Factors
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Technological Factors
		4.2 Organizational Factors
		4.3 Institutional Factors
		4.4 Actors
		4.5 Other Factors
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Once-Only Principle Good Practices in Europe
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical and Political Foundations of the OOP
	3 Methodical Foundations
	4 OOP Good Practice Examples in Europe
		4.1 OOP Cases
		4.2 OOP Enablers
	5 Discussion and Recommendations from the Good Practices
		5.1 Benefits of OOP Implementation and the Need for OOP Enablers
		5.2 Enablers as a Vehicle to Overcome Barriers of OOP Implementations
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Single Digital Gateway Regulation as an Enabler and Constraint of Once-Only in Europe
	1 Introduction on Once-Only Legislation
		1.1 Legal Frameworks for Once-Only at the National Level
		1.2 Scaling up the Law to Cross Border Once-Only
	2 The Single Digital Gateway Regulation – Concept and Choices
		2.1 General Model for Trust Between Public Administrations Across Borders
		2.2 Drawing the Lines: A Closed Model for Once-Only
		2.3 User Centricity as the Principal Driver
		2.4 Data Protection as a General Consideration Behind the SDGR
	3 Challenges and Ambiguities
		3.1 Reliance on Further Implementation
		3.2 Requirements for the User
		3.3 Requirements for Competent Authorities
		3.4 Requirements for Evidence
		3.5 Requirements for Data Flows
	4 Concluding Notes and a Perspective on the Future
		4.1 The SDGR as a First Step into a European Once-Only Framework
		4.2 Once-Only as an Evolving Story of Trust
	References
Legal Basis and Regulatory Applications of the Once-Only Principle: The Italian Case
	1 Introduction
	2 The Constitutional Basis of the OOP in Italy, as a Fundamental Rule of Administrative Activity and Organization
	3 A First Regulatory Application: Self-certifications and Ex Officio Acquisition of Data and Documents
	4 The OOP and Public Systems Interoperability
	5 The OOP in Public Procurement
	References
TOOP Trust Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the Trust Concept
	3 Solutions to Establish Trust
	4 Establishing the End-to-End Trust
	5 The TOOPRA Trust Architecture
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Technical Challenges in OOP Application Across the European Union and the TOOP OOP Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 The TOOPRA Users, Principles, and Requirements
	3 Development of the Architecture
	4 The TOOPRA Views
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Business Architecture
		4.3 Information System (iS) Architecture
		4.4 Technology Architecture
		4.5 Security and Trust Architecture
	5 Architecture Profiling
	6 Sustainability of TOOPRA
	7 Conclusions
	References
Testing Methodology for the TOOP Pilots
	1 Introduction
	2 Infrastructure and Testing Tools
		2.1 Overview of TOOP Architecture
		2.2 Connector
		2.3 Playground
		2.4 Simulator
		2.5 Reference DC and DP systems
		2.6 Playground Tracker
	3 Testing Methodology: From Test Preparation to Connectathons
		3.1 Preparation for Testing: Checklist Before Testing
		3.2 Local (Onboard) Testing
		3.3 Connectivity Testing
		3.4 Connectathon
	4 Testing Process
		4.1 Local MS System Testing
		4.2 Local Infrastructure Testing
		4.3 Connectivity Testing
		4.4 MS to MS Connectathon
	5 Test Monitoring
		5.1 Pilot Test Monitoring Factsheet
		5.2 Pilot Milestones Check
	6 Results Documentation
		6.1 Reporting to MS
		6.2 Global Results Table
		6.3 Reporting Tables
		6.4 Reporting Graphs
		6.5 Map of Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
TOOP Pilot Experiences: Challenges and Achievements in Implementing Once-Only in Different Domains and Member States
	1 Introduction
	2 The TOOP Pilot Domains
		2.1 eProcurement Pilot
		2.2 GBM Pilot
		2.3 Maritime Pilot
	3 Advances Attained in TOOP Pilot Domains
	4 Lessons Learnt
	5 Conclusions
	References
Measuring the Impact of the Once Only Principle for Businesses Across Borders
	1 Introduction
	2 The Once-Only Principle: Benefits and Challenges
	3 Assessing Impact: Developing a Framework for the OOP
		3.1 The Use of Impact Assessments (IA) for Technology and Policy
		3.2 A Impact Assessment Framework for the OOP
		3.3 Administrative Burden Reduction
		3.4 Improved Quality of Service
		3.5 Government Efficiency
		3.6 Secondary Benefits and Unforeseen (Negative) Consequences
	4 Validating and Discussing the Framework with Stakeholders
	5 Discussion: Challenges of Measuring Impacts
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Future of the Once-Only Principle in Europe
	1 Introduction
	2 The Dimensions of the Once-Only-Principle
		2.1 The Implementation of the Once-Only Principle on a National Level
		2.2 Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities
		2.3 Good Practices of Once-Only Principle Across Europe
		2.4 Impact of the Once-Only Principle for Businesses Across Borders
	3 Experiences from Running TOOP
		3.1 Managing a Large-Scale Pilot
		3.2 Developing a Technical Architecture for a Large-Scale Pilot
		3.3 Piloting at Large-Scale
	4 Sustainability of the Once-Only Principle
		4.1 Implementation of the Once-Only Principle
		4.2 ONCE-ONLY.ORG
		4.3 Update of eIDAS
	5 Future for Large-Scale Piloting Such as TOOP and the Once-Only Principle as Such
	6 Conclusions and Future Research
	Reference
Annex: List of Beneficiaries and Linked Third Parties 2017–2021
Author Index