The Neuroscience of Addiction

Contents
List of Plates
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
1 What is Addiction?
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	The Phenomenology of Substance Use Disorders
	The Demography of Addiction
	The Stigma of Addiction
	The Diagnosis of Addiction
	A Brain Disease Model of Addiction
	Non-Drug Addictions
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
2 Human Neuroscience Approaches Toward the Understanding of Addiction
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Measuring the Brain’s Electrical Activity
	Visualizing the Brain’s Structure and Function
	Biochemical Imaging
	Limitations of Neuroimaging Research
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight 1
	Spotlight 2
	References
3 Brain-Behavior Theories of Addiction
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	The Incentive-Sensitization Theory
	The Allostatic Model: Dysregulation in Homeostasis
	The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution (iRISA) Syndrome Model
	The Future of Brain-Behavior Theories of Addiction
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
4 From the Motivation to Initiate Drug Use to Recreational Drug Use: Reward and Motivational Systems
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Reward and Motivational Systems Guide the Direction of Behavior
	Predicting Rewards: Evidence for the Primary Role of Dopamine
	Final Common Pathway: All Drugs Lead to One
	Is Addiction a Reward Deficiency Syndrome?
	Corticostriatal Circuitry and Effort–Reward Imbalance
	Role of Memory Systems
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
5 Intoxication
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Drug Pharmacodynamics
	Actions of Addictive Drugs
	Brain Mechanisms of Intoxication: Evidence From Neuroimaging Pharmacological Studies
	Modulators of Intoxication: Challenges in Human Research
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
6 Withdrawal
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	What Does Withdrawal Look Like?
	Acute Withdrawal Symptoms and Associated Neural Mechanisms
	Protracted Withdrawal Symptoms and Associated Neural Mechanisms
	Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Withdrawal
	A Model of Opposing Mechanisms: Between-System Response to Drugs
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight 1
	Spotlight 2
	References
7 Craving
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Cue-Elicited Craving Paradigms and Associated Neural Mechanisms
	Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Craving
	Contextual Cues
	Do Drugs Hijack the Reward Circuitry of the Brain?
	Greater Craving or Greater Attention?
	Neuromolecular Mechanisms
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
8 Impulsivity
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Neuropharmacology of Impulsivity
	Is Impulsivity Pre-existing or Drug Induced?
	Risky Decision Making
	Delay Discounting of Reward
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight
	References
9 Impacts of Brain-Based Discoveries on Prevention and Intervention Approaches
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Pharmacological Approaches
	Behavioral Approaches
	Combined Approaches
	Treatment Outcomes
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight 1
	Spotlight 2
	References
10 Conclusions
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Risk Factors Inform Better Prevention and Intervention
	Addiction Endophenotypes
	Sex Differences in Addiction
	The Question of Causality
	General Conclusions
	Summary Points
	Review Questions
	Further Reading
	Spotlight 1
	Spotlight 2
	References
Glossary
Index