The Muscle Energy Manual Volume One: Muscle energy concepts and mechanisms, the musculoskeletal screen, and cervical region evaluation and treatment

Front Cover......Page 1
Back Cover......Page 2
Cover Page......Page 3
Dedication......Page 6
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Contents......Page 11
Historical Chronology of Muscle Energy Technique......Page 16
PART I- PRINCIPLES, CONCEPTS AND MECHANISMS......Page 17
History and Origins......Page 19
Spinal Kinematics as Related to Muscle Energy Concepts......Page 21
Neuromuscular Physiology Underlying Muscle Energy Technique......Page 22
Physiology of Tonic and Phasic Muscles
......Page 24
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Myotatic Reflex Systems
......Page 25
Table 1.B. Definitions of Therapeutic Muscle Contractions
......Page 28
Table 1.C. Contractions: Light or Hard, Short or Long, Concentric, Eccentric or Isometric
......Page 29
Summary of Physical Diagnosis Principles for Specific Anatomic Regions
......Page 30
Example of MET Treatment
......Page 32
Manipulable Disorders of the Pelvis
......Page 34
Sacroiliac Dysfunctions
......Page 35
Conclusion
......Page 39
The Osteopathic Lesion and Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 41
Table 2.A. Terms Describing Manipulable Disorders
......Page 42
Adaptation and Compensation
......Page 45
The Role of Fascia in Adaptation
......Page 46
Medical Diagnostic Implications of Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 48
Mechanisms of Restriction in Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 49
Changes in flow of body fluids
......Page 50
Changes in connective tissues
......Page 51
Neural mechanisms
......Page 52
Pain and nociception: Its reflexes and consequences
......Page 53
The model
......Page 57
Discussion
......Page 59
Diagnosing Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 62
The Barrier Concept in MET
......Page 64
Table 2.B. Barrier Concept Definitions......Page 66
Comparison of Manual Therapy Modalities' Concepts of Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 67
Characteristics of Somatic Dysfunction in Different Therapeutic Paradigms
......Page 68
Table 2.C. Labeling Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 70
Table 2.D. Lexicon of Motion Descriptors
......Page 71
The Relationship of Somatic Dysfunction to the Experience of Conscious Pain
......Page 73
Inherent Pain Control Mechanisms
......Page 74
Conclusion
......Page 75
Detection, Amplification, Interpretation, Stereognosis
......Page 79
Visual Imagery 
......Page 80
Layer Five: Trapezius Fascia
......Page 81
Layer Seven: Erector Spinae Muscles
......Page 82
Visual Parallax
......Page 83
Eye Dominance
......Page 84
Peripheral and Central Visual Fields
......Page 85
The Search for the "Key Lesion"
......Page 87
Postural Adaptation
......Page 88
Impairment of Circulation and Microcirculation
......Page 89
Role of Collagen Chemistry in Fascial Restriction
......Page 90
Asymmetry of Range of Motion
......Page 91
Treatment for Motion Impairment
......Page 92
Reexamination
......Page 93
Treatment Procedures
......Page 94
PART II- PROCEDURES: EVALUATION AND TREATMENT......Page 95
Objectives
......Page 97
Subjective Symptoms
......Page 98
Observation and Motion Testing
......Page 99
Body Regions
......Page 100
Introducing the "Ten Step" Screening Exam Recording Form
......Page 101
Table 5.A. Outline of Screening Procedures Organized by Body Regions
......Page 102
Table 5.B. "Ten Step" Screening Exam Recording Form
......Page 104
6. THE 'TEN STEP' SCREENING EXAMINATION IN DETAIL
......Page 105
B. Observe the Feet in Action
......Page 106
D. Obeserve Upper Body Movements
......Page 108
A. Posture from Behind
......Page 110
B. Posture from the Side
......Page 111
C. Posture from the Front
......Page 112
D. Iliac Crests
......Page 114
A. Locating the PSIS
......Page 115
B. Standing Flexion Test
......Page 116
C. Observing the Paravertebral Muscles
......Page 119
D. Squat Test
......Page 120
E. Toe Standing Endurance Test 
......Page 121
G. Hip Drop Test
......Page 122
H. Trunk Sidebending Test
......Page 124
A. Seated Iliac Crest Heights
......Page 125
A. Seated Flexion Test
......Page 126
B. Seated Flexion Test/Observing the Paravertebral Muscles
......Page 128
C. Seated Rib Screen
......Page 129
D. Seated Trunk Rotation/Effect of Slouching
......Page 130
E. Seated Trunk Lateral Flexion
......Page 131
F. The Pronated Hyperabduction Test
......Page 132
H. Handshake
......Page 133
I. Seated Cervical Testing- Flexion and Extension
......Page 134
J. Passive Sidebending and Rotation Testing
......Page 136
B. Dynamic Screening Tests for Cranial Somatic Dysfunction
......Page 137
C. Observe Eupnea
......Page 138
Supine Rib and Abdomen Testing
......Page 139
A. Upper Ribs- "Bucket Handle" and "Pump Handle" Motion
......Page 140
B. Middle and Lower Ribs- Bucket Handle and Pump Handle Motion
......Page 141
1. Shoulder Circumduction Test
......Page 142
2. Upper Extremity/Sternoclavicular Testing
......Page 143
2. The Straight Leg Raise Test for Hamstring Imbalance
......Page 144
1. The Dynamic Leg Length Test of Pelvic Motion Symmetry
......Page 146
A. The Inferior Lateral Angles (ILA) of the Sacrum 
......Page 151
A. Floating Ribs Respiratory Movement
......Page 153
B. Hamstring Strength Testing
......Page 155
C. Extensor Firing Pattern
......Page 156
A Case History Example
......Page 157
Clinical Reasons for Examining the Cervical Region
......Page 159
Palpatory Topography of the Cervical Spine
......Page 160
Cervical Anatomy
......Page 162
Cervical Screening Examination
......Page 165
Muscle Layers of the Neck-- From Trapezius to Longus Colli
......Page 166
Lateral Translation for Sidebending Mobility Testing
......Page 169
The Occipito-Atlantal Joint- Anatomy and Physiology
......Page 170
The "Good Hands" Demonstration
......Page 173
Flexion: The "Condyles" Are Slid Backward
......Page 174
The Supine Nodding Test
......Page 176
The Lateral Translation Test for O-A Somatic Dysfunction......Page 178
The Lateral Translation Test for O-A ESR or FSR Dysfunction
......Page 180
The O-A Lateral Translation Test
......Page 182
Oblique Translation Test-- An Alternative Test
......Page 184
Interpretation
......Page 185
Principles of Occipito-Atlantal Treatment
......Page 187
The Treatment Procedure (ESL-RR)
......Page 189
The Treatment Procedure (FSL-RR)
......Page 191
Anatomy and Physiology of A-A
......Page 193
A-A Evaluation Procedure
......Page 197
What to Call the A-A Somatic Dysfunction: Positional Terms
......Page 198
Important Principles to be Learned from the A-A Diagnostic Procedures
......Page 199
The A-A Rotation Tests
......Page 200
Interpretation of Results
......Page 202
Interpretation of Results
......Page 203
The Treatment Procedure-- Classic Method
......Page 204
The Procedure-- New Method
......Page 205
Isokinetic Technique for Treating Rotation Weakness
......Page 207
Topographic Anatomy of the Cervical Vertebrae C2-C7
......Page 208
Cervicals 2 Through 7-- Physiology
......Page 210
The Modified Lateral Translation Test
......Page 212
Task Analysis Checklist of the Procedure
......Page 213
Interpretation of Results
......Page 216
The Seated Head-Nodding Test for C2-C7
......Page 217
Cervical Region Examination Summary
......Page 218
Supine Treatment for Restricted Flexion, Sidebending and Rotation of C2-7 (ERS-L)
......Page 219
Supine Treatment for Restricted Extension Sidebending and Rotation of C2-7 (FRS)
......Page 221
Seated Treatment for Restricted Extension Sidebending and Rotation of C2-7 (FRS)
......Page 223
Seated Treatment for Restricted Flexion, Sidebending and Rotation of C2-7 (ERS)
......Page 224
Conclusion
......Page 225
Appendix: Treatment of Acute Torticollis
......Page 226
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RECOMMENDED READING
......Page 228