The Monuments of Seti I: Epigraphic, Historical and Art Historical Analysis (Probleme der Ägyptologie)

THE MONUMENTS OF SETI I: Epigraphic, Historical and Art Historical Analysis......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 21
Preface......Page 23
List of Figures......Page 26
List of Plans......Page 33
List of Abbreviations
......Page 34
1.1 Introduction......Page 44
1.2.1 The Relief Style in the Earliest Years of Seti I......Page 46
1.2.2 Posture of the King's Figure......Page 51
1.2.3 Standing Figures that Bow or Stoop......Page 52
1.2.4 Functional Versus Honorific Bowing......Page 53
1.2.5 Distribution of Bowing Figures Under Seti......Page 56
1.2.6 Bowing Kings after Seti I......Page 58
1.2.7 Kneeling Figures with Knees together......Page 59
1.2.8 Kneeling Figures with Splayed Knees......Page 60
1.2.9 Prostrate Figures......Page 61
1.2.10 The Long Wig Associated with Seti I......Page 62
1.3.1 Alteration of Existing Reliefs......Page 65
1.3.4 Defacement......Page 66
1.3.6 Iconoclasm......Page 67
1.3.7 Usurpation......Page 68
1.4.1 Raised and Sunk Relief of Seti I......Page 70
1.4.2 Raised and Sunk Relief of Ramesses II......Page 71
1.4.4 Ramesses I......Page 72
1.4.5 Seti I......Page 74
1.4.6 Ramesses 11......Page 77
1.4.7 Three Phases in Relief Decoration from the First Two Years of Ramesses II's Reign......Page 79
1.4.10 Seti I......Page 80
1.5 Mechanisms for Expressing the King's Divine Aspect in the Early Nineteenth Dynasty......Page 81
1.5.1 Names of the King's Divine Aspect......Page 83
1.5.2 Iconographie Attributes of the Deified King......Page 86
INTRODUCTION......Page 88
2.1 Tell el-Maskhuta, Hyksos Monument......Page 92
2.2 Tell el-Basta, Lintel of Amenhotep II (BM 1103)......Page 93
2.3 Mit Rahineh, Stela of Amenhotep II (Cairo JdE 86763)......Page 95
2.6 Abu Sir, Pyramid Complex of Sahure, Fragment From the New Kingdom Sakhmet Sanctuary......Page 96
2.7 Batn el-Baqara, Speos Artemidos......Page 97
2.8 Karnak, Fourth Pylon, North Tower, East Face, Doorjamb......Page 99
2.10 Karnak, wȝḏyt-Hall, South Half, East Gate, West Jambs......Page 100
2.11 Karnak, wȝḏyt-Hall, Obelisks "E" and "F" of Hatshepsut......Page 102
2.14 Karnak, Court Between Fifth and Sixth Pylons, Enclosure of Thutmose III, East Gate, North and South Jambs......Page 107
2.16 Karnak, Fragment from the Barque Shrine of Thutmose III......Page 108
2.18 Karnak, Room XVI, Left Doorjamb......Page 109
2.20 Karnak, Stela of Thutmose III (Cairo CG 34011)......Page 110
2.21.1 KG 104: Thutmose II Led by Weret-hekau to Hathor Making nyny, with Barque of Amen Carried by Priests Behind the King......Page 111
2.21.2 KG 102: Seti I Before Amen with the Lesser Ennead......Page 113
2.21.3 KG 103: Seti Offers Wine to Amen-Re & the Great Ennead......Page 116
2.21.4 KG 105: Thutmose I Before the Theban Triad......Page 118
2.21.5 KG 107: Barque of Amen Carried by Priests......Page 119
2.21.6 KG 108: Seti I Led by Monthu......Page 120
2.21.7 KG 109: Thutmose II Presented by Weret-hekau to Amen-Re and Khonsu, while Thoth Enumerates Regnal Years for the King......Page 121
2.22 Karnak, Eighth Pylon, Facade......Page 122
2.24 Karnak, Stela "Q" of Amenhotep II, Eighth Pylon, Facade......Page 123
2.25 Karnak, Edifice of Amenhotep II, Court of the Tenth Pylon......Page 124
2.26 Karnak, Contra Temple of Amen-Re-Horakhty......Page 125
2.27 Karnak, Contra Temple, Obelisk Fragments of Hatshepsut......Page 126
2.28 Karnak, Ptah Temple, Stela of Thutmose III (Cairo CG 34013)......Page 127
2.30 Karnak, Loose Block Usurped from Horemheb......Page 128
2.32 Karnak, Reused Blocks from the Monthu Precinct......Page 129
2.34 Karnak North, So-called Gateway of Thutmose I......Page 130
2.36 Luxor, Stela of Thutmose IV, Year One......Page 131
2.38 Luxor, Colonnade Hall of Amenhotep III & Tutankhamen......Page 132
2.38.1 Luxor, The Festival Procession of Opet Reliefs......Page 133
2.38.2 Columns, Architraves, Upper Registers & Clerestory......Page 134
2.39 Solar Court, North Wall, Amenhotep III Led by Deities......Page 136
2.40 Solar Court, East Wall, North End, Barque of Amen-Re......Page 137
2.42 (I.1) Amenhotep III with Offering-bearer Libating Before Amen and Amenet Making nyny......Page 138
2.46 (II.1) Amenhotep III with Mace & ḥḳȝ-scepter Before Amen......Page 139
2.49 (II.4) Amenhotep III Before Amen Consecrating Offerings......Page 140
2.52 (III.3) Amenhotep III Erecting the sḥnt-pole for Amen......Page 141
2.54 Subregister Fecundity Figures......Page 142
2.59 (III) Amenhotep III with Mut Extending a Menât......Page 143
2.63 West Gateway, East Jambs......Page 144
2.64 Luxor Temple Summary......Page 145
2.66 Thebes West, Stela of Amenhotep III (Cairo CG 34025)......Page 146
2.67 Thebes West, Blocks from Merenptah's Memorial Temple......Page 147
2.68 Thebes West, Stela Thutmose III (Cairo CG 34015)......Page 148
2.70 Tod, Barque Station of Thutmose III......Page 149
2.72 El-Kab, Desert Temple of Amenhotep III......Page 150
2.74 Elephantine, Destroyed Peripteral Temple of Amenhotep III......Page 151
2.75.1 Thutmose III Before Amen (Louvre B73, Ε 12921 bis 0)......Page 152
2.75.2 Thutmose III Embracing Amen-Re......Page 153
2.75.3 Amen-Re Accompanied by Khnum and Satet......Page 154
2.75.5 Seti I and Satet Before Amen-Re and Mut......Page 155
2.76 Amada, Eighteenth Dynasty Temple......Page 156
2.77 Sesebi, Temple of Akhenaten, Usurped by Seti I......Page 157
CONCLUSIONS......Page 159
INTRODUCTION......Page 162
3.1 Kadesh, (Tell Nebi Mendu), Stela of Seti I (Aleppo 384)......Page 163
3.2 Tyre, Rhetorical Stela of Seti I......Page 165
3.3 Tell es-Shihab, Stela Fragment of Seti I (Istanbul 10942)......Page 166
3.4 Beth Shan, Larger Stela of Seti I (Jerusalem S. 884)......Page 167
3.6 Serabit el-Khadim, Stela of Ashahebused, Year Eight (No. 247)......Page 168
3.7 Serabit el-Khadim, Stela of Ashahebused with Seti I and Ramesses II (No. 250)......Page 169
3.8 Serabit el-Khadim, Relief Fragment of Seti I (No. 249)......Page 170
3.9 Qantara, Monument of Seti I for Ramesses I......Page 171
3.10 Khataˁna-Qantir, Industrial/Military Site......Page 172
3.11 Khataˁna-Qantir, Faience Inlays of Palace Doors of Seti I......Page 174
3.13 Tell Birka, Block of Seti I......Page 175
3.16 Heliopolis, Flaminian Obelisk......Page 176
3.17 Heliopolis, Granite Obelisk Fragments of Seti I (Inv. 3012)......Page 177
3.18 Heliopolis, Sandstone Obelisk Fragments of Seti I (Inv. 2001 & 2026 A/B, 2500)......Page 178
3.20 Heliopolis, Offering Table for Atum-Khepri (Cairo CG 23090)......Page 179
3.21 Heliopolis, Offering Table for Horus-in-the-Great-Mansion (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek E. 115/AEIN 44/A 742)......Page 181
3.22 Heliopolis, Grottaferrata Statue Fragment of Seti I......Page 182
3.23 Heliopolis, Lintel of Seti I (Former Brussels E. 407)......Page 183
3.26 Heliopolis, Octagonal Pillar of Seti I (Berlin 2888)......Page 184
3.28 Heliopolis, Obelisk Socle Block of Seti I (Inv. 2260 & 2431)......Page 185
3.29 Tell el-Yahudia, Temple-Model (Brooklyn 49.183 [66.229])......Page 186
3.31 Heliopolis, Block of Seti I......Page 188
3.32 Memphis, Temple of Seti I......Page 189
3.35 Mit Rahineh, Ptah Chapel of Seti I......Page 190
3.37 Mit Rahineh, Cornice of Seti I......Page 192
3.38 Saqqara, Stela for Renenwetet (Leiden V.16 Inv. #AP 61)......Page 193
3.40 Giza, Stela of Hatiay (Cairo JdE 72269)......Page 194
3.41 Giza, Huntsman Stela of Seti I (Cairo JdE 72269)......Page 195
3.43 Kom el-Lufi (Minya), Seti I Boundary Stela, Year One (Brooklyn 69.116.1)......Page 196
3.46 Girga, Building Cramp of Seti I......Page 197
3.47.1 Outer Courts and Pylons......Page 198
3.47.2 The Portico in the Second Court......Page 199
3.47.3 First Hypostyle Hall......Page 200
3.47.4 Second Hypostyle Hall......Page 201
3.47.5 The Seven Chapels and Osiris Suite......Page 203
3.47.7 Layout of Decoration in Paint......Page 204
3.47.8 Reliefs in the South Wing Finished by Seti I......Page 205
3.47.9 Work in the South Wing Completed After Seti's Death by Ramesses II......Page 207
3.47.10 Reliefs in the South Wing Completed by Merenptah......Page 210
3.47.11 Temenos Wall, Palace and Magazines......Page 211
3.47.12 Conclusions: The State of the Temple at Seti's Death......Page 212
3.48 Abydos, Seti Temple, Statue of Seti I (Vienna ÄS 5910)......Page 213
3.49 Abydos, Seti Temple, Statue of Seti I (Dallas Museum of Art 1984.50)......Page 214
3.51 Abydos, Seti Temple, Statue Fragment of Seti I (Sorrento, Museo Correale di Terranova 74)......Page 215
3.52 Abydos, Seti Temple, Altar Pedestal of Seti I (Cairo JdE 4743)......Page 216
3.53 Abydos, Osireion......Page 217
3.54 Abydos, Chapel of Ramesses I......Page 221
3.56 Abydos, Ramesses I Chapel, Osiride Statue of Ramesses I (Cairo: JdE 89525; SR 15522)......Page 224
3.57 Abydos, Ramesses I Chapel, Dedicatory Stela......Page 225
3.58 Abydos, Statuette of Seti I (Cairo CG 751)......Page 226
3.60 Abydos, "Portal Temple"......Page 227
3.61 Abydos, Lintel of Seti I (Cairo JdE 32091)......Page 228
3.63 Abydos, Relief Fragment of Seti I (British Museum EA 609)......Page 229
3.65 Abydos, Relief of Seti 1 (Ny Carlsberg AEIN 42/A 730)......Page 230
3.67 Nagada, Offering Table for Seth (New York MMA 22.2.22)......Page 231
3.68 Medamud, Statue Base, Ramesses I & Seti I (IFAO CAVES 42)......Page 233
3.69 Medamud, Reused Blocks of Seti I......Page 234
3.70 Karnak, The Great Hypostyle Hall......Page 235
3.70.1 Extent of the Decoration of the Hall under Seti I......Page 236
3.70.2 Previous Theories on the Date of the Hall......Page 240
3.70.3 Chronology of the Decoration and Epigraphic Evidence for the Date of the Hall......Page 244
3.70.4 Summary and Conclusions: Chronology of the Decoration of the Hall under Seti I......Page 259
3.71 Karnak, Alabaster Stela, Year One (Cairo CG 34501)......Page 262
3.74 Karnak, Blocks Reused in the Temple of Khonsu......Page 264
3.75 Karnak, Alabaster Statue of Seti 1 (Cairo CG 42139)......Page 265
3.76 Karnak, Group Statue of Amen, Mut & Seti I (Cairo CG 39210 + 927)......Page 266
3.77 Karnak, Group Statue of Amen & Mut (Cairo CG 39211)......Page 267
3.78 Karnak, Group Statue of Amen & Mut (Cairo CG 39212)......Page 268
3.80 Karnak, Sphinx in the Name of Seti I (Late Period?)......Page 269
3.83 Karnak, Precinct of Monthu, Bases of Colossi of Seti I......Page 270
3.84.1 Architectural Conception......Page 271
3.84.2 Building History......Page 276
3.84.3 Description and Chronology of the Observable Phases in the Decorative Program......Page 277
3.84.4 Summary of the Chronology of Relief Decoration at Gurnah Temple under Seti I and Ramesses II......Page 289
3.86 Ramesseum, Double Temple of Seti I North of Main Temple......Page 292
3.88 Deir el-Medina, Stela Naming Seti I & Ramesses I (no. 122)......Page 293
3.91 Deir el-Medina, Fragment of an Altar-stand......Page 294
3.94 Deir el-Medina, Hathor Temple......Page 295
3.98 Deir el-Medina, Hathor Temple, Stela of Seti I (no. 414)......Page 296
3.100 Deir el-Medina, Relief Naming Seti I (Turin N. 50081)......Page 297
3.102 Medinet Habu, Statue of Amenhotep I as Amen (Port Said Museum P. 4020 [= former Cairo CG 1244])......Page 298
3.103 Valley of the Kings, Tomb of Seti I (KV 17)......Page 299
3.104 Thebes, Stela Fragment of Seti I (British Museum EA 1665)......Page 302
3.106 Thebes, Statue of Seti I and Amen (Louvre A 130)......Page 303
3.109 Hierakonpolis, Statue Base Fragment of Seti I......Page 304
3.110 Gebel Silsila East, Rock Stela, Year Six......Page 305
3.111 Gebel Silsila East, Rock Stela of Hapi......Page 306
3.112 Gebel Silsila West, Rhetorical Stela of Seti I......Page 307
3.114 Edfu, Stela of Seti I to Hathor (Edinburgh RMS 1907.632)......Page 308
3.115 Elephantine, "Nilometer" Stela of Seti I......Page 309
3.116 Elephantine, Relief Fragment of Seti I......Page 310
3.118 Elephantine, Fragments of Three Sandstone Doorways......Page 311
3.119 Elephantine, Grafitto of Seti I & Crown Prince Ramesses......Page 312
3.120 Aswan, Smaller Stela of Seti I, Year Nine......Page 314
3.121 Aswan, Larger Stela of Seti I, Year Nine......Page 317
3.122 Aswan, Obelisk Fragment of Seti I......Page 319
3.123 Philae, Block of Seti I......Page 320
3.126 Wadi Hammamat, Rock Stela of Seti I (no. 214)......Page 321
3.127 Kanais, Temple of Seti I......Page 322
3.128 Kanais, Stela of Anena and Nebseny......Page 324
3.129 Kanais, Rock Stela of Panub......Page 325
3.130 Kurkur Oasis, Boundary Stela, Year Four......Page 326
3.133 Kuban, Installation of Seti I in the Fortress of Kuban......Page 327
3.135 Amada, Kiosk Fragments......Page 328
3.138 Aksha, Satellite Buildings of Seti I in the Temple Complex......Page 329
3.141 Buhen, Larger Stela of Seti 1, Year One (British Museum EA 1189)......Page 331
3.142 Buhen, Smaller Stela of Seti I, Year One (Pennsylvania University Museum E. 10988)......Page 332
3.143 Amara West, Town Enclosure Wall......Page 333
3.145 Amara West, Stela Fragment of Seti I (Khartoum 3063)......Page 334
3.147 Sai, Fragmentary Stela of Seti I (MAF F.25.11+)......Page 335
3.151 Sesebi, Block of Seti I......Page 336
3.152 Nauri, Stela of Seti I, Year Four......Page 337
3.153 Gebel Barkal, Fragmentary Stela of Seti I, Year Eleven (Khartoum 1856)......Page 339
3.154 Gebel Barkal, Hall of Appearances (Wsḫt ḫˁw) of Seti I......Page 340
3.156 Memphite (?) Relief of Seti I (New York MMA L. 1996.46)......Page 341
3.158 Fragmentary Relief (Stela?) of Seti I from Karnak......Page 342
4.2.1 The Accession date of Ramesses I......Page 343
4.2.2 The Accession date of Seti I......Page 344
4.2.3 The Accession date of Ramesses II......Page 345
4.3 The Length of Seti I's Reign......Page 348
4.4 A Reassessment of the Hypothetical Coregencies of the Early Nineteenth Dynasty......Page 352
4.5 The Hypothetical Coregency of Ramesses 1 and Seti I......Page 353
4.6.1 Scholarship on the Coregency......Page 355
4.6.2 The Abydos Dedicatory Inscription and the Kuban Stela of Ramesses II as Evidence for a Coregency......Page 357
4.6.3 Survey of Monuments Touching on the Hypothetical Coregency of Seti I and Ramesses II......Page 359
4.6.4 Conclusions......Page 372
4.7 Royal Succession and Dynastic Policy......Page 376
4.8 The Ancestry & Pre-Royal Careers of Ramesses I & Seti I......Page 379
4.9 Ramesses I's Ancestors in his Abydos Chapel......Page 384
4.10 Royal Family under Ramesses I and Seti I......Page 386
4.10.1 Queen Sitre, Mother of Seti I......Page 387
4.10.3 Princess Tia, Daughter of Seti I......Page 388
4.10.4 The Royal Family's Role under Seti I & Ramesses II......Page 389
5.3 Lower Egypt......Page 393
5.4 Memphis......Page 394
5.5 Heliopolis......Page 396
5.6 Abydos......Page 398
5.7 Thebes......Page 401
5.8 Upper Egypt......Page 404
5.9 The Deserts outside Egypt......Page 405
5.10 Nubia......Page 406
5.11 Conclusions......Page 407
6.1.1 The Rediscovery of Seti I in the Nineteenth Century......Page 409
6.1.2 Seti I in Twentieth Century Scholarship......Page 411
6.1.3 Political Temperament of the Reign......Page 413
6.1.5 Seti "the Pious"......Page 415
6.1.6 Art of Seti I......Page 417
6.2.1 Horemheb and Ramesses I......Page 419
6.2.2 The Accession of Seti I......Page 423
6.2.3 Seti and the Age of Personal Piety......Page 425
6.2.4 Service to the Gods......Page 426
6.2.5 Seti I & the Royal Cult in the Early Nineteenth Dynasty......Page 427
6.2.6 Epilogue......Page 436
Bibliography......Page 438
Index......Page 471
Figures......Page 490
Plans......Page 590
Back Matter......Page 600