The Montenegrin Adriatic Coast: Marine Chemistry Pollution (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 110)

Series Preface
Contents
Introduction
	1 Introduction
	2 Sediments Characteristics
	3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Seawater
		3.1 Salinity
		3.2 Temperature
		3.3 Nutrients
		3.4 Water Dynamics
	4 Marine Pollution
	References
Hydrographic and Oceanographic Characteristics of the Southern Part of the Adriatic Sea
	1 Introduction
	2 Hydrographic Characteristics
		2.1 Coast
		2.2 Islands
		2.3 Seabed
		2.4 Tides
	3 Oceanographic Characteristics
		3.1 Currents
		3.2 Sea Surface Temperature
		3.3 Sea Surface Salinity
	4 Conclusion
	References
Rivers of the Coast of Montenegro
	1 Introduction
	2 Rivers of the Montenegrin Coast
	3 The Catchment Area of the River Bojana in the Zone of the Montenegrin Coast
	4 Flow Ranking
	5 Morphometric Characteristics of Waterflows in the Observed Space
		5.1 Adriatic Sea Basin from the Montenegrin Coast
		5.2 Bojana River Basin
	6 Conclusion
	References
Forests of the Coast of Montenegro
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Forest
		2.1 Forest Distribution
		2.2 Tree Species Represented in Coastal Forests
		2.3 Forest Communities
		2.4 Typical Mediterranean Forest Related Natura 2000 Habitat Types
	3 Risks
		3.1 Forest Fires
		3.2 Erosion Processes
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Agriculture of Adriatic Montenegrin Coast
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of the Agricultural Situation in Montenegro and the Coastal Region
		2.1 Overview of Agriculture Development in Montenegro
		2.2 Overview of Agriculture Development in the Coastal Zone
			2.2.1 Geographical and Climatic Conditions for Agriculture Development
			2.2.2 Population Structure in Montenegro by Regions
			2.2.3 Rural Areas
			2.2.4 Agricultural Holding
	3 Conditions for Agriculture Development in the Coastal Region
		3.1 Natural Conditions for Agriculture Development in the Coastal Region
			3.1.1 Bar
			3.1.2 Budva
			3.1.3 Herceg Novi
			3.1.4 Kotor
			3.1.5 Tivat
			3.1.6 Ulcinj
		3.2 Natural Resources for Agriculture Development
			3.2.1 Agriculture of the Coastal Region
			3.2.2 Plant Production
			3.2.3 Livestock Farming
			3.2.4 Demographic Indicators by Municipalities
	4 Possible Agriculture Development Directions for the Coastal Region
	5 Conclusions
	References
Regional Climate Change of the Adriatic Montenegrin Coast
	1 Introduction
	2 Climate Variability
		2.1 Examples of Storms in Montenegro and Their Consequences
	3 Climate Change
	4 Storms´ Classification and Vulnerability Assessment
		4.1 Meteorological Measurements of Wind and Rain Data
		4.2 Observation from the Ship and Instrumental Measurements of Waves
	5 Vulnerability Assessment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Trace Elements in Mussels from Montenegrin Coast: A Risk for Human Health
	1 Introduction
	2 Trace Elements Accumulation by Mussels: The Montenegrin Coast
		2.1 Sampling of Mussels and Chemical Analysis
		2.2 Comparison of the Results from the Montenegrin Coast
	3 Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as a Seafood: Benefits and Risks
	4 Human Exposure to Trace Elements via Consumption of Mussels
		4.1 Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index
		4.2 Maximum Allowable Mussel Consumption Rate
	5 Conclusion
	References
Tetrodotoxin in Invasive Silver-cheeked Toadfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Adriatic Sea
	1 Introduction
	2 The Entry of Invasive Species into the Mediterranean Sea
	3 Pufferfish Toxicity
		3.1 Analysis of Tetrodotoxin in Pufferfish Tissue of the Adriatic Sea Specimens
	4 Conclusions
	References
Some Results of Air Pollution from Passenger Ferries in the Boka Kotorska Bay
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Regulatory Achievements
		2.1 International Legislative Framework
		2.2 National Legislative Framework
	3 Bottom-Up Methodology: An Observation
		3.1 Results of the Bottom-Up Approach from Corbett and Farrell [3]
		3.2 Results of the Bottom-Up Approach from Tzannatos [28, 29]
		3.3 Specifics of the Bottom-Up Approach Described in Eyring et al. [7]
		3.4 Activity-Based Method from Nunes et al. [33]
		3.5 Activity-Based Emissions from Dragović et al. [18]
		3.6 Applied Methodology in Murena et al. [34]
	4 Quantification of Ferry Emission in the Boka Kotorska Bay
		4.1 Input Data
		4.2 Load and Emission Factors Determination
		4.3 Emission Calculation Formulation
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Discourse Analysis of the Research Articles About Marine Environment Relating to the Adriatic Coast
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Background: Setting the Scene
		3.2 Indicating Gaps and Flows
		3.3 Presenting the Research
		3.4 Marine or Maritime?
		3.5 Presenting Conclusions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Coastal Towns and Settlements of the Montenegrin Coast
	1 Introduction
	2 Coastal Region
		2.1 Regional and Landscape Characteristics
		2.2 Sea Aquatorium
	3 Montenegrin Coastal Towns
		3.1 Typologies of Coastal Towns and Settlements of Montenegro
		3.2 The Location of Coastal Towns and Settlements of Montenegro
			3.2.1 Ulcinj
			3.2.2 Bar
			3.2.3 Budva
			3.2.4 Tivat
			3.2.5 Kotor
			3.2.6 Herceg Novi
		3.3 Coastal Settlements of Montenegro
		3.4 Common Typological Characteristics of Houses at the Coast
	4 Conclusion
	References
Tourism in Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Area of Montenegrin Coast
	1 Introduction
	2 Natural Attractions of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
	3 Cultural Heritage of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
	4 Early Tourism Development in the Area of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
	5 Tourism Development in the Area of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
	6 The Future of Tourism in the Area of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
		6.1 Characteristics of Current Tourism in the Area of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
		6.2 Tourism Development Prospects in the Area of Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Riviera
	7 Conclusion
	References
Landscaped Green Areas of the Coast of Montenegro
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Hotels
			3.1.1 Green Fund of the Hotel ``Kamelija´´: Park Ivović in Donja Lastva - Tivat
			3.1.2 Green Fund of the Hotel ``Plavi horizont,´´ Lustica
			3.1.3 Green Fund of the Hotel Complex ``Otrant,´´ Ulcinj
			3.1.4 Green Fund of the Hotel ``Jadran,´´ Ulcinj
			3.1.5 Green Fund of Sveti Stefan
			3.1.6 Green Fund of the Former Camp-Settlement ``Kamenovo´´: Budva
		3.2 Public Green Areas
			3.2.1 Public Green Areas of the Municipality of Kotor
			3.2.2 The Large City Park: Tivat
			3.2.3 Park-Forest: Miločer
		3.3 Former Military Facilities
			3.3.1 Kumbor
	4 Conclusion
	References
Quantification and Classification of Beach Litter in Montenegro (South-East Adriatic Sea)
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Field Work
	4 Results
		4.1 October 2018
		4.2 December 2018
		4.3 May 2019
	5 Cumulative Data for All Investigated Seasons
	6 Discussion
	References
Heavy Metals Toxicity in Sediment and the Marine Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Heavy Metals
		2.1 Heavy Metals in Sediment
	3 Assessment of Metal Contamination
		3.1 Contamination Factor
		3.2 Pollution Load Index
		3.3 Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo)
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Different Metal Materials Exposed to Varied Conditions of the Environment in the Bay o...
	1 Introduction
	2 Different Metal Structures and Potential Pollutants
	3 The Corrosion of Metal Materials in Seawater
		3.1 The Influence of Seawater and the Atmosphere
		3.2 The Specific Influences of Seawater and the Atmosphere in the Bay of Kotor
	4 Materials and Methods
		4.1 Materials
		4.2 Methods
			4.2.1 Semi-quantitative Analysis (Chemical Composition)
			4.2.2 Data Analysis
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 The Results of the Analysis of the NiTi Samples
		5.2 Results from the Sample of a Steel Fence
	6 Conclusions
	References
Legal Regime for the Protection of the Marine Environment Against Pollution from Vessels in Montenegrin Adriatic Waters
	1 Introduction
	2 Institutional Framework and Administrative Capacity
	3 Strategic Documents
	4 The Ratified International Treaties
	5 Current Legal Regime in Montenegro for Prevention of Sea Pollution from Vessels
		5.1 Legislation on Natural: Environmental Protection
		5.2 Maritime Transport Legislation Dealing with Protection of the Sea from the Vessel-Sourced Pollution
		5.3 De Lege Lata Solutions According to the Law on Protection of the Sea from Vessel-Sourced Pollution
			5.3.1 Prevention of Pollution from the Vessels
			5.3.2 Prevention of Marine Pollution from Oils and Noxious Substances
			5.3.3 Prevention of Marine Pollution from Sewage and Garbage
			5.3.4 Air Emissions
			5.3.5 Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea from Ballast Waters
			5.3.6 Sea Protection from Harmful Substances in Anti-fouling Systems
			5.3.7 Dumping of Wastes
			5.3.8 Reception and Handling of Waste, Waste Oils, Cargo Residues, and Ballast Water Sediments in Ports
			5.3.9 Liability for Damages in Case of Vessel-Sourced Marine Pollution
		5.4 National Plan for Emergent Reaction in the Event of Sea Pollution from Vessels
	6 Conclusion
	References
Changes in Trends of the Seawater Column Parameters and Sediment Elements´ Concentrations from 2009 to 2018 in the Marina Loca...
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Impact of Marinas to Seawater Quality
		1.2 Impact of Marinas to Sediment Quality
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Sampling and In Situ Measurements
		2.2 Sediment Analysis
		2.3 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Seawater Column
		3.2 Sediments
		3.3 Marinas in Montenegro
	4 Conclusion
	References
Pollution from Fish Farming Activities in the Adriatic Sea
	1 Introduction
	2 State of Knowledge About Environmental Impact of Fish Farming
	3 Legislative Regulation of Fish Farming Activities
		3.1 Monitoring of the Impact of Mariculture on the Environment
	4 Overview of the Physicochemical Parameters Monitored in the Water Column and Sediment at Fish Farm
		4.1 Sampling and Analysis
		4.2 Results of Monitoring in the Water Column and Sediment
			4.2.1 Oxygen in the Water Column
			4.2.2 pH Value in Seawater
			4.2.3 Concentrations of Nutrients in the Water Column
			4.2.4 Concentrations of Phosphorus in Sediment
			4.2.5 Sediment Redox Potential
			4.2.6 Organic Carbon Content in Sediment
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Priority Areas of Innovations in Maritime Industry: An Application to the Adriatic Marine Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 The Profile of the Participants
		4.2 The Priority Areas of Innovations
	5 The Vision of the Adriatic Marine Environment
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Harmonization Requirements for MSFD and EcAp (Contaminants) in the ADRION Region: From Sampling to Data Visualization
	1 Introduction
	2 Legal Background
		2.1 State of Implementation in Montenegro
	3 Methodological Approach
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Monitoring and Sampling
		4.2 Data Management and Visualization
	5 Conclusion
	References
Conclusion
	1 Introduction
	2 The Adriatic Sea
	3 The Coastal Zone of Montenegro
	4 Marine Pollution
	5 Discussion
	References