The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology

Cover
The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
A Brief History of MD Anderson Cancer Center
Foreword
Preface
Leukemia
	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES
		DIAGNOSIS
		FRONTLINE THERAPY
		SALVAGE THERAPY
		EMERGING THERAPIES: MD ANDERSON APPROACH
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
		EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, AND RISK FACTORS
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION
		RISK STRATIFICATION OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		INDUCTION THERAPY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		TREATMENT OF YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		TREATMENT OF PATIENTS 60 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER
		TREATMENT OF CORE-BINDING FACTOR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
		SUPPORTIVE CARE
		ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
		MINIMAL OR MEASURABLE RESIDUAL DISEASE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Associated Disorders
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		BIOLOGY
		CLINICAL FEATURES
		LABORATORY FEATURES
		DIAGNOSIS
		DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
		STAGING
		PROGNOSIS
		TREATMENT
		TRANSFORMATION
		HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
		PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
		LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
		REFERENCES
	Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY
		DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL WORK-UP
		PROGNOSTIC TOOLS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		RESPONSE DEFINITION
		FRONTLINE TREATMENT OPTIONS
		MONITORING RESPONSE
		WHEN TO SWITCH TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR THERAPY
		MANAGEMENT OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE
		SECONDAND THIRD-GENERATION TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS
		TREATMENT-FREE REMISSION (TFR)
		ADVANCED STAGE CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
		FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
		REFERENCES
	Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Approach
		THE MD ANDERSON APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
		CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES
		BONE MARROW FEATURES
		DIAGNOSIS
		PROGNOSIS
		THERAPY
		SPECIFIC CLINICAL SITUATIONS
		REFERENCES
	Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
		INTRODUCTION
		POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
		ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA
		PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS
		CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC DISORDERS: HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME/CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA
		CHRONIC NEUTROPHILIC LEUKEMIA
		MAST CELL DISEASE/SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS
		ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
		REFERENCES
Lymphoma and Myeloma
	Follicular Lymphoma
		INTRODUCTION
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		CLINICAL FEATURES
		HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC, AND MOLECULAR FEATURES
		IN SITU FOLLICULAR NEOPLASIA
		DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP AND STAGING
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
		POSTTREATMENT MONITORING
		SURVEILLANCE IMAGING
		TREATMENT OF EARLY-STAGE FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMAS
		MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCEDSTAGE FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMAS
		MAINTENANCE AND CONSOLIDATION THERAPY
		SALVAGE THERAPY
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Marginal Zone and Other Small Cell Lymphomas
		MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA
		SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA/ CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
		REFERENCES
	Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		ETIOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS
		STAGING AND INITIAL EVALUATION
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
		APPROACH TO THERAPY
		SPECIAL TYPES AND SITUATIONS OF LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS
		RESPONSE AND FOLLOW-UP
		NEW DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Mantle Cell Lymphoma
		INCIDENCE AND POSSIBLE PREDISPOSING RISK FACTORS
		DECODING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF MCL
		MAJOR PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF MCL
		CLINICAL WORKUP AND DIAGNOSIS OF MCL
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN MCL
		TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MCL
		SUMMARY
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		CONFLICTS OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES
		REFERENCES
	Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		INCIDENCE AND OUTCOMES
		PATHOGENESIS AND HISTOLOGY
		ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
		CLINICAL COURSE
		DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING
		PROGNOSIS
		CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
		UPFRONT CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE
		RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY DISEASE
		EMERGING HORIZONS
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Cutaneous Lymphomas
		CUTANEOUS TUMOR TYPES
		EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMA
		CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMAS
		PAGETOID RETICULOSIS
		CD30 LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
		CD4 SMALL-MEDIUM PLEOMORPHIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER
		SÉZARY SYNDROME
		Gδ T-CELL LYMPHOMA
		PRIMARY CUTANEOUS CD8+ CYTOTOXIC AGGRESSIVE EPIDERMOTROPIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
		SUBCUTANEOUS PANNICULITIS T-CELL LYMPHOMA
		PRIMARY CUTANEOUS B-CELL LYMPHOMAS
		SUPPORTIVE CARE
		REFERENCES
	Hodgkin Lymphoma
		IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS IN HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS
		CLINICAL SUBTYPES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
		CLINICAL EVALUATION
		TREATMENT
		REFRACTORY OR RELAPSED HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Systemic Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS AND MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP
		PROGNOSIS AND STAGING
		RESPONSE CRITERIA
		TREATMENT
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
		BACKGROUND
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP
		PROGNOSTIC STRATIFICATION
		MANAGEMENT
		TREATMENT AT DISEASE RELAPSE
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Multiple Myeloma
		MULTIPLE MYELOMA
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Cellular Therapy for Lymphoma
		CAR T-CELL DESIGN
		CAR T-CELL MANUFACTURING AND ADMINISTRATION
		CAR T-CELL THERAPY IN AGGRESSIVE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
		TOXICITY AND SIDE EFFECTS
		RELAPSE AND FAILURE OF CAR T-CELL THERAPY
		INDOLENT LYMPHOMAS
		CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA
		T-CELL LYMPHOMA
		MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA
		HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
		ALLOGENEIC CAR T-CELLS
		NOVEL CAR DESIGNS
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
Stem Cell Transplantation
	Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor-Cell Transplantation
		BASIC CONCEPTS
		GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR AUTOLOGOUS TRANSPLANTATION
		AUTOLOGOUS VERSUS ALLOGENEIC HPC TRANSPLANTS
		COMPLICATIONS OF HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY
		RESULTS OF AUTOLOGOUS TRANSPLANTATION
		HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
		MULTIPLE MYELOMA
		SOLID TUMORS
		OTHER SOLID TUMORS
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Allogeneic Transplantation
		HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
		COMPONENTS OF ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
		MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER APPROACH FOR GVHD PROPHYLAXIS
		POST-TRANSPLANTATION COMPLICATIONS
		ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE
		CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE
		RELAPSE
		LATE COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Alternative Donor Transplants: Cord Blood Transplant
		BACKGROUND
		CELL DOSE, UNIT QUALITY, AND HLA MATCHING
		SINGLE VERSUS DOUBLE CBT
		CONDITIONING REGIMENS
		POST-TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS
		MD ANDERSON APPROACH TO CBT
		NOVEL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE CBT OUTCOMES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Alternative Donor Transplants: Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
		COMPLETE T-CELL DEPLETION: CONTROL OF GRAFT-VERSUSHOST DISEASE BUT WITH A HIGH TREATMENT-RELATED MORTALITY RATE
		BALANCING GRAFT-VERSUSHOST DISEASE, IMMUNE RECOVERY, AND THE CONCEPT OF SELECTIVE ALLODEPLETION: POSTTRANSPLANT CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
		GRAFT ENGINEERING
		POSTTRANSPLANT CELLULAR THERAPY TO PREVENT DISEASE RELAPSE
		DONOR SELECTION FOR HAPLOIDENTICAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION AND RISKS FROM DONOR-SPECIFIC ANTI– HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ANTIBOD
		CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Cellular Therapy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
		ENHANCING GRAFT-VERSUSTUMOR EFFECT TO OVERCOME RELAPSE
		NATURAL KILLER CELLS
		REDUCING GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE
		PREVENTING AND TREATING INFECTION WITH VIRAL-SPECIFIC T-CELLS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Lung Cancer
	Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		RISK FACTORS
		NATURAL HISTORY
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
		PATHOBIOLOGY
		MOLECULAR FEATURES
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		STAGING
		TREATMENT
		BRAIN METASTASIS
		PROPHYLACTIC CRANIAL IRRADIATION
		OLDER ADULT AND INFIRM PATIENTS
		TARGETED AGENTS
		PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES
		THE SPECTRUM OF NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMAS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: General Principles, Management o Localized Disease, and Treatment o Metastatic Disease without Onc
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		ETIOLOGY
		PREVENTION OF LUNG CANCER
		HISTOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
		DIAGNOSIS
		TREATMENT
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Targeted Therapies in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
		EGFR MUTATIONS
		ALK FUSIONS
		ROS1 FUSIONS
		BRAF MUTATIONS
		MET ALTERATIONS
		HER2 MUTATIONS
		RET FUSIONS
		NTRK FUSIONS
		NRG1 FUSIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Head and Neck Cancer
	Head and Neck Cancer
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
		RISK ASSESSMENT
		MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS
		DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING
		NATURAL HISTORY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THERAPY
		COMBINED-MODALITY THERAPY
		ORGAN PRESERVATION
		RECURRENT OR METASTATIC DISEASE
		RISK REDUCTION AND PREVENTION
		REFERENCES
Gastrointestinal Cancer
	Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, and Esophageal Cancers
		GASTRIC CANCER
		ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION CANCERS
		ADVANCED AND METASTATIC GASTRIC, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION, AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCERS
		REFERENCES
	Pancreatic Cancer
		HARD FACTS ABOUT PANCREATIC CANCER
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		RISK FACTORS FOR PANCREATIC CANCER
		MOLECULAR EVENTS IN HUMAN PANCREATIC CARCINOGENESIS
		PATHOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING
		TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR PANCREATIC CANCER
		REFERENCES
	Biliary Tract Cancer
		INTRODUCTION
		STAGING
		SURGERY FOR BILIARY TRACT CANCERS
		RADIATION THERAPY
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR METASTATIC DISEASE
		MD ANDERSON APPROACH TO BILIARY TRACT CARCINOMA
		REFERENCES
	Hepatocellular Carcinoma
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		PATHOLOGY
		DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, STAGING, AND PROGNOSIS
		TREATMENT
		MD ANDERSON APPROACH TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
		REFERENCES
	Small Bowel Cancer and Appendiceal Tumors
		SMALL BOWEL CANCER
		APPENDICEAL TUMORS
		REFERENCES
	Colorectal Cancer
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA
		SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA
		PREVENTION STRATEGIES
		DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND STAGING
		MANAGEMENT OF NONMETASTATIC COLON CANCER
		MANAGEMENT OF NONMETASTATIC RECTAL CANCER
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR METASTATIC DISEASE
		IRINOTECAN
		DECISION MAKING FOR POTENTIAL SURGICAL RESECTION IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER
		CHALLENGING CLINICAL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
		REFERENCES
	Anal Cancer
		ANATOMY
		RISK FACTORS
		PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
		STAGING AND PROGNOSIS
		HISTORY OF CHEMORADIATION: THE NIGRO REGIMEN
		RADIATION VERSUS CHEMORADIATION: THE ROLE OF MITOMYCIN C
		THE INTRODUCTION OF CISPLATIN
		RADIATION TECHNIQUE, DOSE, AND FRACTIONATION
		RECURRENT DISEASE
		METASTATIC ANAL CARCINOMA
		SURVEILLANCE
		ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE ANAL CANAL
		CONCLUSIONS
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	Neuroendocrine Tumors
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
		PROGNOSIS
		PATHOGENESIS, MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION, AND GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
		PATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP, AND CLINICAL STAGING
		CLINICAL FEATURES OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
		CLINICAL FEATURES OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
		CARCINOID SYNDROME, CARCINOID HEART DISEASE, AND CARCINOID CRISIS
		GENERAL APPROACH TO TREATMENT
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Breast Cancer
	Early-Stage and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		RISK FACTORS
		STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
		PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR HORMONE RECEPTOR–POSITIVE/ HER2-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR TRIPLENEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR HORMONE RECEPTOR–NEGATIVE AND HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER
		FOLLOW-UP
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Metastatic Breast Cancer
		DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
		TREATMENT
		HORMONE RECEPTOR–POSITIVE, HER2-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
		HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER
		TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
		MANAGEMENT OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR
		INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPY
		REFERENCES
	Management of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer, Including Infammatory Breast Cancer
		LABC VERSUS IBC
		RISK FACTORS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
		PATHOLOGY
		DIAGNOSIS
		IMAGING MODALITIES
		TREATMENT
		MANAGEMENT OF STAGE IV IBC
		SURVIVAL
		NEW TARGETS AND BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS
		CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
		BREAST CANCER DURING PREGNANCY
	Special Situations in Breast Cancer
		PREGNANCY AFTER A DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER
		MALE BREAST CANCER
		THE RISKS AND BENEFITS OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
		DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH TRANSPLANTATION
		RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR PATIENTS WITH MUTATIONS IN BRCA1, BRCA2, AND OTHER BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES
		REFERENCES
Gynecologic Malignancies
	Ovarian Cancer
		EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER
		MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMORS
		SEX CORD STROMAL TUMORS
		REFERENCES
	Tumors o the Uterine Corpus
		EPITHELIAL UTERINE TUMORS
		NONEPITHELIAL UTERINE TUMORS
		REFERENCES
	Tumors of the Uterine Cervix
		ETIOLOGY
		HISTOPATHOLOGY
		CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION
		TREATMENT OF PREINVASIVE DISEASE
		INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER
		TREATMENT OF INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER
		SURVEILLANCE
		RECURRENT CERVICAL CANCER
		REFERENCES
	Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		PATHOGENESIS
		PATHOLOGY AND CYTOGENETIC TECHNIQUES
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		DIAGNOSIS
		PHANTOM HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN SYNDROME
		STAGING AND PROGNOSIS
		MANAGEMENT
		CO-TWIN PREGNANCY
		FUTURE CHILDBEARING AND SURVIVORSHIP
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Genitourinary Malignancies
	Renal Cell Carcinoma
		INCIDENCE AND DIAGNOSIS
		STAGING, GENETIC AND CLINICAL RISK FACTORS
		RISK ASSESSMENT AND MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS
		MANAGEMENT OF NONMETASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
		METASTATIC DISEASE WITH CLEAR CELL HISTOLOGY
		SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR METASTATIC CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
		NON–CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Bladder Cancer
		OVERVIEW
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
		MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
		TUMOR BIOLOGY
		HISTOLOGY
		DIAGNOSIS, STAGING, AND PROGNOSIS
		CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
		FRONTLINE THERAPY FOR METASTATIC, SURGICALLY UNRESECTABLE UROTHELIAL CANCER
		SECOND-LINE THERAPY FOR UROTHELIAL CANCER
		THIRD-LINE THERAPY FOR UROTHELIAL CANCER
		FUTURE PROSPECTS
		REFERENCES
	Prostate Cancer
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES
		RELEVANT HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF PROSTATE CANCER
		PATIENT MANAGEMENT BY DISEASE STATE
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Penile Cancer
		INCIDENCE
		RISK FACTORS
		MOLECULAR FEATURES
		PATTERN OF METASTASIS
		EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT
		TREATMENT
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Germ Cell Tumors
		OVERVIEW OF GERM CELL TUMORS
		STAGING
		TESTICULAR SEMINOMA
		NONSEMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMORS
		EXTRAGONADAL GERM CELL TUMORS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Neurologic Tumors
	Tumors of the Central Nervous System
		OVERVIEW
		CLASSIFICATION
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND PATHOLOGY
		TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
		REFERENCES
Malignant Melanoma
	Melanoma
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
		CLASSIFICATION
		MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
		STAGING
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
		ADJUVANT RADIATION THERAPY
		ADJUVANT SYSTEMIC THERAPY
		NEOADJUVANT THERAPY
		MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC DISEASE
		SPECIAL CLINICAL SCENARIOS
		REFERENCES
Sarcomas
	Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas
		INCIDENCE
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
		SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA
		BONE SARCOMA
		REFERENCES
Other Tumors and Cancer Topics o Interest
	Endocrine Malignancies
		THYROID CANCER
		EVALUATION OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULES
		DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER
		MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
		ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA
		PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
		PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA
		METASTATIC PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
		ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA
		REFERENCES
	The Acquired Immunodeciency Syndrome–Related Cancers
		THE CHANGING INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANCIES IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS DISEASE
		HIV DISEASE
		AIDS-DEFINING MALIGNANCIES
		AIDS-RELATED NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
		HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: AN AIDS-DEFINING ILLNESS?
		OTHER MALIGNANCIES AFFECTING HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
		IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME
		MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER AND THE AIDS PANDEMIC
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
		OVERVIEW
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		BIOLOGY, CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS, AND MUTATIONAL PROFILING
		NATURAL HISTORY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
		MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC CLINICOPATHOLOGIC SUBGROUPS
		CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR CARCINOMAS OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY
		FUTURE TRENDS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Pediatric Cancers
		PEDIATRIC LEUKEMIA
		PEDIATRIC LYMPHOMA
		CHILDHOOD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS
		NON-NEURAL SOLID TUMORS
		CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORSHIP
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Cancer Genomics
		CANCER GENES: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
		NEXT-GENERATION TOOLS IN THE CANCER GENOMICS ERA
		INSIGHTS FROM LARGE-SCALE SEQUENCING OF CANCER GENOMES
		CLINICAL CANCER GENOMICS
		PRECISION ONCOLOGY IN THE CANCER GENOMICS ERA
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	Immuno-oncology
		THE PROMISE OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
		IMMUNE CHECKPOINT THERAPY
		CELLULAR THERAPY
		CANCER VACCINES
		OTHER IMMUNOTHERAPIES
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	Targeted Therapy in Cancer
		RAS-RAF-MEK PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		PI3K-AKT-MTOR PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INHIBITORS
		C-KIT PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2 PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		CDK 4/6 INHIBITORS
		ANDROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		PARP INHIBITORS
		C-MET PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		NTRK PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		ROS PROTO-ONCOGENE 1 RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		NOTCH PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR
		P53 MDM2 PATHWAY/INHIBITORS
		SACITUZUMAB GOVITECAN-HZIY
		RET PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR 1 RECEPTOR INHIBITOR
		CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE PATHWAY INHIBITORS
		FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
		REFERENCES
	Viral Infections in Patients with Cancer
		HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES
		COMMUNITY RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS
		HEPATITIS VIRUSES
		PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION
		POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTION
		REFERENCES
	Fungal Infections in Patients with Cancer
		DIAGNOSIS
		RISK FACTORS
		CANDIDIASIS
		ASPERGILLOSIS
		CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
		FUSARIOSIS
		MUCORMYCOSIS
		ENDEMIC FUNGI
		ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Endocrine and Metabolic Complications of Cancer Therapy
		METABOLIC DISORDERS
		WATER AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS
		DISORDERS OF BONE AND BONE MINERAL METABOLISM
		PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC DISORDERS
		THYROID DISORDERS
		ADRENAL DISORDERS
		GONADAL DISORDERS
		SURVEILLANCE FOR COMPLICATIONS IN CANCER SURVIVORS
		REFERENCES
	Oncologic Emergencies
		INTRODUCTION
		NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES
		CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
		HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES
		GENITOURINARY EMERGENCIES
		RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
		CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EXTRAVASATIONS
		METABOLIC EMERGENCIES
		GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES
		IMMUNOTHERAPY TOXICITY
		REFERENCES
	Oncocardiology
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION
		ISCHEMIC ARTERIAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
		CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
		PERICARDIAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
		ETIOLOGY
		HYPERTENSION AND CANCER MANAGEMENT
		RADIATION THERAPY–RELATED CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY
		REFERENCES
	Pulmonary Complications of Cancer Therapy
		CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED LUNG INJURY
		SPECIFIC HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATES OF DRUG-INDUCED LUNG INJURY
		TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
		RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG INJURY
		NONINFECTIOUS PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
		VASCULAR DISEASE
		MALIGNANT CENTRAL AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION
		PLEURAL DISEASES IN THE CANCER SETTING
		SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN CANCER THERAPY
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
		VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
		THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES
		VASCULAR SYNDROMES
		ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS
		REFERENCES
Supportive and Palliative Care
	Inpatient Supportive and Palliative Care
		MODELS OF PALLIATIVE CARE DELIVERY
		STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES OF INPATIENT PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE SERVICES
		OUTCOMES OF INPATIENT PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE SERVICES
		INPATIENT PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE SERVICE AT MD ANDERSON
		HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE INPATIENT PALLIATIVE CARE UNIT
		THE ACUTE PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE UNIT AND HOW IT DIFFERS FROM A HOSPICE INPATIENT UNIT
		OBJECTIVES OF AN ACUTE PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE UNIT
		GUIDELINES FOR ADMISSION TO AN INPATIENT PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE UNIT
		SERVICES AVAILABLE IN PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE CARE UNITS
		SEVERE SYMPTOM DISTRESS: ROLE OF PALLIATIVE SEDATION NEAR THE END OF LIFE AND AN ACUTE PSCU
		ROLE OF THE PSCU IN IMPROVING PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AS WELL AS DISCHARGE OUTCOMES
		ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
		REFERENCES
	Integrated Outpatient Supportive Care
		LITERATURE ON OUTPATIENT PALLIATIVE CARE
		MODELS OF OUTPATIENT PALLIATIVE CARE DELIVERY
		MD ANDERSON OUTPATIENT PALLIATIVE CARE PROGRAM
		STRUCTURE OF THE SUPPORTIVE CARE CENTER
		DELIVERY OF CARE AT THE SUPPORTIVE CARE CENTER
		REFERENCES
	Rehabilitation
		GENERAL PRINCIPLES
		NEUROLOGICAL CANCER REHABILITATION
		BRAIN TUMORS
		CANCER-RELATED SPINAL CORD INJURY
		MUSCULOSKELETAL CANCER REHABILITATION
		REHABILITATION OF GENERALIZED DECONDITIONING AND ASTHENIA
		EXERCISE IN CANCER
		PREHABILITATION
		PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CANCER REHABILITATION
		REHABILITATION AT THE END OF LIFE
		FUTURE OF CANCER REHABILITATION
		REFERENCES
	Pain Management and Symptom Control
		CANCER PAIN
		CANCER-RELATED FATIGUE
		NAUSEA
		DYSPNEA
		DELIRIUM
		DEPRESSION
		COMMUNICATION
		ADVANCED CARE PLANNING
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Biostatistics
	Statistical Designs or Oncology Clinical Trials
		A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
		OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS
		INNOVATIONS FOR CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Big Data and Machine Learning in Oncology
		MACHINE LEARNING
		DEEP LEARNING
		TRAINING ERROR VERSUS TEST ERROR IN MACHINE LEARNING
		CASE STUDIES OF MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATION AT MD ANDERSON
		CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	Value-Based Oncology
		OVERVIEW OF VALUE-BASED HEALTHCARE
		CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF VALUE ASSESSMENT
		VALUE-BASED ONCOLOGY IN PRACTICE
		REFERENCES
Index