The Mask of Socrates: The Image of the Intellectual in Antiquity

Acknowledgments......Page 1
I.
Introduction: Image, Space, and Social Values......Page 2
The Modern Intellectual Hero......Page 3
Roman Copies, or Through a Glass Darkly......Page 7
Wisdom and Nobility: An Early Portrait of Homer......Page 10
Anacreon and Pericles......Page 14
Socrates and the Mask of Silenus......Page 18
II.
The Intellectual as Good Citizen......Page 23
Sophocles: The Political Active Citizen......Page 25
Aeschylus: The Face of the Athenian Everyman......Page 28
Euripides: The Wise Old Man......Page 29
A Revised Portrait of Socrates......Page 31
A General in Mufti: Models from the Past......Page 34
Plato's Serious Expression: Contemplation as a Civic Virtue?......Page 35
Political Upheaval and the End of the Classical Citizen Image:
Menander and Demosthenes......Page 41
III.
The Rigors of Thinking......Page 47
Zeno's Furrowed Brow......Page 48
Chrysippus, "The Knife That Cuts Through the Academics' Knots"......Page 51
The Thinker's Tortured Body......Page 52
Chrysippus' Beard......Page 55
The "Throne" of Epicurus......Page 59
Bodies, Healthy and Unhealthy......Page 63
Who Would Honor a Cynic?......Page 66
The Philosopher and the King......Page 68
Poseidippus: The Hard Work of Writing Poetry......Page 69
Soft Pillows and Softer Poets......Page 72
IV.
In the Shadow of the Ancients......Page 73
The Old Singer......Page 74
A Peasant-Poet......Page 75
Invented Faces......Page 77
The Cult of Poets......Page 79
The Divine Homer......Page 83
Hellenistic Kings and Archaic Poets......Page 85
The Retrospective Philosopher Portrait: Socrates, Antisthenes, and Diogenes......Page 86
The "Gentrification" of the Philosopher Portrait: Carneades and Poseidonius......Page 90
The "Intellectualization" of the Citizen Portrait......Page 94
Man the Reader: Paradigm for a New Age......Page 96
V.
Hadrian's Beard......Page 98
The World of Otium and the Gentleman Scholar......Page 101
Humble Poets and Rich Dilettantes......Page 105
Hadrian's Beard: Fashion and Mentalité......Page 108
Apuleius and the Case of the Uncombed Hair......Page 115
The Elegant Intellectual......Page 120
The Past in the Present: Rituals of Remembrance......Page 122
The Long Hair of the Charismatics......Page 127
Learned Couples and Their Child Prodigies......Page 133
Political Office and the Philosophical Life......Page 138
The Educated Man's Search for Inner Peace......Page 141
Christ as the Teacher of the True Philosophy......Page 144
The Dual Face of Christ......Page 148
The Late Antique Philosopher "Look"......Page 152
Late Roman Copies: New Faces on Old Friends......Page 159
The Power of the Muses......Page 162
Epilogue
Ancient Philosophers and the Modern Intellectual......Page 164
Abbreviations of Frequently Cited Works......Page 168
I. Introduction: Image, Space, and Social Values......Page 171
II. The Intellectual as Good Citizen......Page 175
III. The Rigors of Thinking......Page 183
IV. In the Shadow of the Ancients......Page 189
V. Hadrian's Beard......Page 194
VI. The Cult of Learning Transfigured......Page 201
Sources of Illustrations......Page 208
Bibliography......Page 210
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