The Manipulation of Human Behavior

Contributors......Page 1
Acknowledgments......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Introduction — manipulations of human behavior......Page 4
Background......Page 5
Myth and Reality......Page 7
Is Control of Behavior Asymptotic?......Page 9
Focus On Objective Behavior......Page 12
Sources......Page 14
Scope......Page 15
References......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
Effects of Disturbed Bodily Functions Upon Brain Function......Page 22
Manifestations of Disordered Brain Function Produced by Disturbances of Homeostasis......Page 26
Some Circumstances under Which Brain Function May Be Disturbed without Demonstrable Disturbance of Other Bodily Functions......Page 28
Isolation......Page 29
Fatigue......Page 31
THE MANIFESTATIONS OF DISORDERED BRAIN FUNCTION PRODUCED BY ISOLATION, SLEEP DEPRIVATION, AND FATIGUE......Page 32
Some Conditions under Which the Function of the Brain May Be Disturbed by Factors Not Intrinsically Harmful......Page 34
Hunger......Page 35
Pain......Page 36
DISTURBANCES OF BRAIN FUNCTION PRODUCED BY PAIN, HUNGER, AND THREATS......Page 37
Some Implications of This Information......Page 38
References......Page 43
Background......Page 51
Methodological Considerations......Page 54
Empirical Findings.......Page 57
Perceptual and Motor Abilities......Page 58
Cognitive and Learning Abilities......Page 62
Suggestibility......Page 64
Personality Findings......Page 66
Feeling States......Page 69
Imagery......Page 70
Physiological Findings......Page 74
Length of Stay in Experimental Isolation and Time Perception......Page 77
Stimulus Hunger......Page 79
Influence of Experimental Setting......Page 80
Clinical and Anecdotal Reports......Page 81
Interpretations and Implications......Page 82
References......Page 85
Introduction......Page 91
Reactions Due Primarily to the "Placebo Phenomenon," i.e., Reactions to Taking a Medicinelike Substance, Even Though It Is Pharmacologically Inert......Page 93
Silent Administration......Page 95
Reactions to Attitudes or Motivations of the Person Administering the Medication and Interacting with the Informant......Page 96
RELEVANCE OF NONPHARMACOLOGICAL FACTORS......Page 97
EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PERSONALITY AND CEREBRAL FUNCITIONS ON REACTIONS TO DRUGS......Page 98
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGIC CONDITIONS ON DRUG RESPONSES: BIOLOGIC RHYTHMS, NUTRITIONAL STATES, ISOLATION, AND FATIGUE......Page 101
The Efficacy of Drugs in Uncovering Information......Page 103
Barbiturate Sedatives and Calmatives......Page 107
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives and Calmatives......Page 108
PIPRADROL......Page 109
Hallucinogenic or Psychotomimetic Drugs......Page 110
LYSERGIC ACID (LSD)......Page 111
PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES......Page 113
RAUWOLFIA ALKALOIDS......Page 114
Counteracting Drug Effects......Page 115
Drug Research that May Produce Knowledge Applicable to Interrogation......Page 116
Methodologic Problems in Determining the Applicability of Drugs to Interrogation Procedures......Page 117
Specific Effects of Drugs in Interrogation Situations......Page 118
References......Page 121
Evaluation of Present Practices......Page 129
Response Variables and Instrumentation......Page 130
BREATHING......Page 131
BLOOD PRESSURE......Page 132
THE GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE......Page 133
VOLUME PULSE......Page 134
ELECTROMYOGRAM (MUSCULAR TENSION)......Page 135
VELOCITY OF PULSE WAVE......Page 136
Adaptation Effects......Page 137
Pretesting of Ss......Page 138
Plans for Interrogation......Page 139
Data Interpretation and Operator's Decisions......Page 140
Psychological Principles of Lie Detection......Page 143
Summary......Page 147
References......Page 148
Introduction......Page 150
Some Theoretical Views......Page 151
THE UNAWARE SUBJECT......Page 154
THE ANTAGONISTIC SUBJECT......Page 157
SUMMARY......Page 158
Behavior Violating Internalized Prohibitions......Page 159
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS......Page 160
EXPERIMENTAL REQUIREMENTS......Page 163
NONLABORATORY INSTANCES OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR......Page 165
Recall and Accuracy of Information Obtained in Hypnosis......Page 167
Is Information More Accessible to Recall Under Hypnosis?......Page 168
The Accuracy of Information Obtained in Hypnosis......Page 169
Simulation of Hypnosis......Page 171
PREVENTING TRANCE INDUCTION......Page 172
CONCLUSION......Page 173
INDUCTION OF AMNESIA......Page 174
HYPNOSIS AS A MEANS OF RESISTANCE TO STRESS......Page 175
Autogenous Training......Page 176
SUMMARY......Page 177
Defense Against the Use of the Hypnotic Situation in Interrogation......Page 178
Social Measures......Page 179
The Magic Room Technique......Page 180
Summary and Conclusions......Page 181
References......Page 183
Introduction......Page 187
Material and Instructions......Page 188
DIRECT REQUESTS AND PROBIBITIONS......Page 189
DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN THE REACTIONS OF THE CRITICAL SUBJECT AND THE RESPONSE OF ANOTHER PERSON OR PERSONS, WITHOUT DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN THEM......Page 190
Properties of the Person......Page 192
PERSONALITY MEASURES......Page 193
DEVIATION FROM CORRECT OR MODAL RESPONSES......Page 194
Summary......Page 195
Differences in Shifting of Responses Attributable to Stimulus Materials Employed......Page 196
DIFFICULTY......Page 197
CONDITIONS OF PRESENTATION......Page 198
Conformity Behavior and Social Context......Page 199
ACTION STUDIES......Page 200
SUMMARY......Page 201
Composition of the Social Context......Page 202
CHARACTERISTICS OF OTHER MEMBERS......Page 204
PERSONAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND COMMITMENT......Page 207
INTERACTION WITH OTHER PARTICIPANTS PRIOR TO THE EXPERIMENTAL SERIES......Page 208
Cohesion and Valuation of Group Membership......Page 209
Pressures toward Uniformity......Page 210
Experimentally Created Differential Experience in Subjects......Page 211
SUMMARY......Page 213
Physiologic Characteristics and States of the Person......Page 214
Psychologic Properties of the Person......Page 216
Variations in Stimulus and Background Dimensions......Page 222
Variations in Background Dimensions......Page 223
Variations in Background Dimensions and Personal Characteristics......Page 224
Factors Associated with Conversion Behavior......Page 225
Task......Page 228
The Person......Page 229
Artificial Tasks vs. Significant Issues......Page 230
References......Page 231
Introduction......Page 239
Adoption of a Deceptive Role......Page 240
The Imitation of Symptoms......Page 243
Depression......Page 244
Mutism......Page 245
Some Unmasking Techniques......Page 246
Ganser Syndrome......Page 248
Mental Deficiency......Page 249
Amnesia......Page 251
Applications to Interrogation......Page 253
Detection of Malingering......Page 255
References......Page 256
Author Index......Page 261
Subject Index......Page 279