The Malay Peninsula: Crossroads of the Maritime Silk Road (100 BC - 1300 AD)

Frontmatter\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (page xix)\nLIST OF DOCUMENTS (page xxi)\nLIST OF FIGURES (page xxiii)\nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (page xxxvii)\nINTRODUCTION (page 1)\nCHAPTER I. THE IMPACT OF GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND CLIMATE ON THE HISTORIC DESTINY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA (page 3)\n	A. Geological History (page 4)\n	B. The Great Relief Zones (page 8)\n	C. The Climate (page 17)\nCHAPTER II. THE MALAY PENINSULA: OBSTACLE OR SOURCE OF CONTACTS AND PROFIT AMONG THE ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS? (page 23)\n	A. The Peoples of the Malay Peninsula (page 23)\n	B. The Malay Peninsula as Obstacle (page 30)\n	C. The Peninsula as Source of Contacts and Profits (page 61)\nCHAPTER III. CONTACTS BETWEEN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND THE MALAY PENINSULA BEFORE INDIANIZATION (page 73)\n	A. New Definitions of Indianization (page 74)\n	B. Inter-Regional Contacts in Southeast Asia in the Early Period (page 74)\n	C. Contacts between India and Southeast Asia in the Early Period (page 80)\nCHAPTER IV. THE FIRST ACCOUNTS OF INDIANIZATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE FIRST CENTURIES OF THE ERA TO THE END OF THE 4TH CENTURY (page 95)\nCHAPTER V. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: HISTORY AND BRAHMANICAL RELIGIOUS REMAINS (page 107)\n	A. Historic References to Panpan in the Asian Context (page 107)\n	B. Brahmanical Religious Remains (page 116)\nCHAPTER VI. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS REMAINS (page 143)\n	A. Images of Traditional Buddhism (page 143)\n	B. Mahāyāna Images (page 149)\n	C. Votive Tablets (page 155)\n	D. Votive STŪPAS (page 158)\nCHAPTER VII. LANGKASUKA: FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY (page 161)\n	A. Langkasuka in the Ancient Texts (page 161)\n	B. On the Site of Langkasuka: Remains Linked to Religious Rites (page 166)\n	C. On the Site of Langkasuka: Remains from Commercial Activity (page 191)\nCHAPTER VIII. JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH): FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY. CHITU: AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 7TH CENTURY (page 193)\n	JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH) (page 193)\n	A. South Kedah in the Early Texts (page 193)\n	B. The Possible Geography and Economy of South Kedah in the Early Period (page 197)\n	C. The First Archaeological Vestiges of South Kedah (page 202)\n	CHITU (page 229)\nCHAPTER IX. ŚRĪVIJAYA AND THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE END OF THE 7TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY (page 233)\n	A. Śrīvijaya: Myth or Reality? (page 233)\n	B. Śrīvijaya\'s Hold over the Peninsula: Literary and Epigraphical Indications (7th to 8th Centuries) (page 240)\n	C. Towards a Reappraisal of Śrīvijaya\'s Hold over the Malay Peninsula (page 248)\nCHAPTER X. THE TURN OF THE 9TH CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: THE ASIAN POLITICAL CONTEXT AND THE ENTREPÔT PORTS (page 257)\n	A. The Political Context of Asia in the 9th Century (page 258)\n	B. The Entrepôt Ports of the 9th Century (page 280)\nCHAPTER XI. THE TURN OF THE 9th CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: RELIGIOUS REMAINS (page 301)\n	A. Architectural Remains (page 301)\n	Panpan (page 301)\n	Langkasuka (page 308)\n	B. Sculptural Remains (page 311)\n	Panpan (page 311)\n	The Southern part of Panpan (page 318)\n	Langkasuka (page 326)\n	The region of Takua Pa (page 328)\n	The caves of the Trang Region (page 331)\n	Two caves in Perlis (Malaysia) (page 332)\n	The cave of Gua Berhala in Kelantan (Malaysia) (page 332)\n	South Kedah (page 332)\n	Perak (page 333)\n	Vicinity of Pulau Ketam near Klang (Selangor, Malaysia) (page 335)\nCHAPTER XII. THE SITUATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 10th AND 11th CENTURIES: THE APPEARANCE OF TAMBRALINGA (page 339)\n	A. The Politico-Commercial Asian Context in the 10th and 11th Centuries (page 340)\n	B. Archaeological Remains that Bear Witness to the 10th and 11th Centuries in the Malay Peninsula (page 361)\nCHAPTER XIII. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12th AND 13th CENTURIES: IN TAMBRALINGA (page 391)\n	A. The Asian Political Context in the 12th and 13th Centuries (page 392)\n	B. Tambralinga in the 12th Century (page 399)\n	C. Tambralinga from the End of the 12th to the Beginning of the 13th Century (page 421)\nCHAPTER XIV. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12th AND 13th CENTURIES: IN JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH) (page 443)\n	A. The Entrepots Port Sites (page 443)\n	B. The Architectural Remains (page 457)\n	C. Archaeological Discoveries (page 472)\nCONCLUSION (page 489)\nBIBLIOGRAPHY (page 497)\nCHRONOLOGY (page 579)\nINDEX (page 585)\nDOCUMENTS (page 609)\nFIGURES (page 655)