The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012: The First Georgian Republic and Its Successors

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of illustrations
List of contributors
Maps
Preface
Acknowledgements
Notes on transliteration and terminology
Introduction
	Good neighbors, bad neighbors
	Creating democracy
	Home for whom?
	The power of the past
	Conclusion
	Notes
Part I: Good neighbors, bad neighbors
	1. Geopolitics and foreign powers in the modern history of Georgia: Comparing 1918–21 and 1991–2010
		Introduction
		1918–21: the Democratic Republic of Georgia
		The second republic, and after
		The Georgian bridge
		The return of geopolitics
		Conclusion
		Notes
	2. The Russian–Georgian war and its implications for Georgia’s state building
		The problem of a neo-imperialist neighbor
		Russia’s sphere of interests
		“Kin-statism” as an instrument of foreign policy
		Balance of interests?
		Conclusion
		Notes
	3. Georgia’s European aspirations and the Eastern partnership
		Introduction
		Retrospective
		The August war and the return of history
		Georgia’s multitude of concerns
		Georgia and the European Union
		New horizons
		Notes
	4. Georgia as a geographical pivot: past, present, and future
		Introduction
		Historical trade routes
		The South Caucasus and the Democratic Republic of Georgia
		The new Georgia: a bridge to Europe
		The Eurasian energy corridor
		The August war and the Georgian pivot
		Prospects for the future
		Conclusion
		Notes
	5. Georgia’s military and civil security challenges
		The theoretical approach to security threats
		Security challenges in the Georgian Democratic Republic
		Military security challenges in post-communist Georgia: border security
		Military challenges and the national security concepts of Georgia
		The Russian threat
		Civil security challenges in the national security concepts of Georgia
		Nuclear and radiological security
		Transnational organized crime and corruption
		Modernization or democratization?
		Conclusion
		Notes
Part II: Creating democracy, building states
	6. Georgia’s ethnic diversity: a challenge to state-building
		Introduction
		The Soviet legacy and the myth of Georgian multiculturalism
		The first republic and its successors
		Post-Soviet Georgia and the evolution of Georgian nationality policies
		State-minority relations: justice and security
		Conclusion
		Notes
	7. The Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–21) and the search for the Georgian model of democracy
		Plans for Georgian democracy
		The constitutional vision
		The sovereignty of the people
		A legal state
		Democracy as the constitutional backbone
		The most democratic state
		Unitarism or federalism?
		Local self-governance: the cornerstone of Georgian democracy
		The Constitution of 1921 and modern Georgia
		Conclusion
		Notes
	8. The Democratic Republic of Georgia: forgotten lessons for our democracy
		Introduction
		Consolidated democracies: an historical perspective
		The role of political parties
		The relevance of the first republic to Georgia today
		Conclusion
		Notes
	9. March of the goblins: permanent revolution in Georgia
		Introduction
		Georgia’s first revolution
		Soviet Georgia
		The idiosyncrasies of Soviet failure in Georgia
		Shevardnadze, Saakashvili, and the Rose Revolution
		The defeat of the United National Movement
		The Georgian Dream
		Notes
Part III: Home for whom?
	10. A fateful moment: ethnic autonomy and revolutionary violence in the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–21)
		Revolutionary conflict, not ethnic conflict
		Abkhazian and South Ossetian ethnoterritorialism
		Nationalism that knows its limits? Autonomy in independent Georgia
		Negotiating autonomy in a time of insecurity
			The subordination of Abkhazia
			Re-negotiating Abkhazia’s autonomy
			South Ossetia: no agreement on fundamentals
			The return of revolutionary conflict and the end of South Ossetia
		Conclusion
		Notes
	11. “From words to action!” Nationality policy in Soviet Abkhazia (1921–38)
		The context
		The debate on linguistic korenizatsiia in Abkhazia
		The Azatian commission and its consequences
		The issue of cadres
		Education and Abkhazian identity
		Policy reversal
		Conclusion
		Notes
	12. Unpacking the meta-conflict: claims to sovereignty, self-determination and territorial integrity in the Georgian–Abkhaz conflict
		Introduction
		The historical claims to territory framework
		The legal claims framework
		The “empirical claim” framework
		The use of force framework
		Sovereignty as the property of colonized nations framework
		Conclusions and implications for conflict transformation
		Notes
Part IV: The power of the past
	13. The young Stalin and the 1905 revolution in Georgia
		Notes
	14. The Soviet occupation of Georgia in 1921 and the Russian–Georgian war of August 2008: historical analogy as a memory project
		Soviet history and the first republic
		Restoring memory, restoring legality
		The Rose Revolution and memories of Europe
		Instruments of memory formation
		Monuments and memory
		Conclusion
		Notes
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Index