The Library of Qumran: On the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist, and Jesus

THE LIBRARY OF QUMRAN: On the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist, and Jesus......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
1. Discoveries......Page 12
2. Starting Points......Page 17
The Status of Publication......Page 18
The Age of the Manuscripts......Page 20
3. The Scrolls and the Modern Public......Page 23
The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception......Page 24
Manuscript Purchases and International Law......Page 32
The Best-seller, Jesus and the Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls......Page 39
The Best-seller, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered......Page 41
Khirbet Qumran......Page 45
Ain Feshkha......Page 47
The Main Building......Page 49
Other Structures of the Main Complex......Page 52
The Economic Buildings......Page 53
The Fine-Leather Tannery......Page 54
Other Economic Areas......Page 55
The Assembly Hall......Page 56
The Cemeteries......Page 57
Living and Sleeping Quarters......Page 59
The Purpose of the Qumran Settlement and Ain Feshkha......Page 62
The Fate of the Qumran Settlement......Page 67
5. The Scroll Caves......Page 69
Coins......Page 70
Historical Tradition......Page 71
The Condition of the Scrolls in the Caves......Page 72
Conclusions......Page 74
Professor Norman Golb......Page 75
The Worship-Cave Theory......Page 76
The Donceels......Page 77
Cave 1......Page 78
Cave 3......Page 79
The Karaites......Page 80
The Copper Scroll......Page 83
Cave 4......Page 85
Cave 5......Page 86
The Hexapla of Origen......Page 87
Conclusions......Page 89
The Functions of the Qumran Library......Page 91
Biblical Manuscripts......Page 96
Phylacteries......Page 99
The Books of Tobit and Sirach......Page 101
The Book of Jubilees......Page 102
The Books of Enoch......Page 103
The Book of the Giants......Page 105
New Pre-Essene Works......Page 106
Mosaic Works......Page 107
Ordinances......Page 108
The New Jerusalem......Page 109
The Angelic Liturgy......Page 110
Other New Works......Page 111
Calendrical Works......Page 112
The War Rule......Page 113
The Directive of the Teacher to Jonathan (4QMMT)......Page 115
Community Rules......Page 118
The Teaching on the Two Spirits (1QS 3:13-4:26)......Page 119
The Manual of Discipline (1QS 5:1-11:22)......Page 121
The Essenes' Oldest Congregational Rule (lQSa)......Page 124
The Rule of Blessings (IQSb)......Page 126
The Damascus Document......Page 127
The Melchizedek Midrash......Page 129
The Midrash on the End Time (Florilegium)......Page 131
The Midrash on Genesis......Page 132
Commentaries on the Prophets......Page 133
The Time of the Last Judgment......Page 134
The First Commentary on Isaiah......Page 136
The Second Commentary on Isaiah......Page 137
The Commentary on the Psalms......Page 138
The Delay of the Last Judgment......Page 139
The Commentary on Hosea......Page 140
The Commentary on Nahum......Page 141
The Commentary on Habakkuk......Page 142
The Romans......Page 143
A Congratulation to King Alexander Jannaeus (4Q448)......Page 144
A Calendar with Days of Commemoration......Page 145
A List of Official Reprimands......Page 146
Conclusions......Page 147
Ancient Reports concerning the Essenes......Page 150
Evaluations of the Essenes Today......Page 151
The Rise of the Essenes......Page 153
The Tenure of the Teacher of Righteousness as High Priest......Page 158
The Founding of the Essene Union......Page 159
The Further History of the Essenes......Page 164
The Peculiarities of the Essenes......Page 174
The Essenes as God's People Israel......Page 175
The Solar Calendar......Page 177
The Lunar Calendar......Page 181
The Rivalry of the Two Calendars......Page 183
Sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple......Page 185
The Community of Goods......Page 187
Ritual Baths, Prayer Services, and Ritual Meals......Page 201
Marriage, Family, and Upbringing......Page 204
Entry, Legislation, and Exclusion......Page 209
The Teachings of the Essenes......Page 212
Angels and Demons......Page 213
End Time, Last Judgment, Messiah, and Time of Salvation......Page 216
The Resurrection of the Dead......Page 220
8. John the Baptist......Page 222
The Activity and Personage of the Baptist......Page 223
Connections to the Essenes?......Page 232
The Significance of the Qumran Finds......Page 236
9. Jesus......Page 239
The Reign of God......Page 241
The Last Judgment......Page 251
The Books of the Prophets......Page 260
The Torah......Page 262
Conclusion......Page 267
10. Early Christianity......Page 269
11. Rabbinic Judaism......Page 276
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 280
Index of Names and Subjects......Page 282
Index of Citations......Page 290