The legacies of law: long-run consequences of legal development in South Africa, 1650-2000

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of Figures......Page 9
List of Tables......Page 10
List of Cases......Page 11
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 15
1 Introduction......Page 23
Questions......Page 24
Arguments......Page 25
Empiricism......Page 27
Individualism......Page 28
Determinism......Page 29
Methods......Page 32
Implications......Page 34
Part I A THEORY OF LAW......Page 35
Four ideal types......Page 37
The Legality of Law......Page 45
A strategy of conflict......Page 47
Endgames......Page 48
Power......Page 49
Security......Page 51
A Hydraulic Model......Page 53
Strategic Dilemmas......Page 56
Information Failures......Page 57
Commitment Problems......Page 59
Security Dilemmas......Page 61
3 Path Dependence and the Law......Page 64
Rethinking the state......Page 66
Path Dependence......Page 67
A theory of law......Page 72
A Cognitive Manifesto......Page 78
The dual state......Page 84
The Prerogative State......Page 85
The Normative State......Page 87
Economic Liberty......Page 89
Pacta sunt servanda......Page 90
Private Property......Page 91
Fair Competition......Page 94
Rules of law......Page 98
Part II A HISTORY OF LAW......Page 103
4 Apartheid and the Law I......Page 105
An Historical Overview......Page 106
Stage I: European Settlers and African Chiefdoms......Page 110
The Sovereign State and its Competitors......Page 111
The Origins of the Normative State......Page 112
An Amalgam of Traditions......Page 114
The Origins of the Prerogative State......Page 117
Stage II: The Unification of South Africa......Page 118
Stage III: Reasons of State......Page 120
Stage IV: The Racial State......Page 122
Stage V: From Segregation to Apartheid......Page 124
Stage VI: Native Administration and State Formation......Page 125
The Expansion of the Prerogative State......Page 126
The Abolition of Legal Restraints......Page 127
Agents of Apartheid......Page 129
Stage VII: The Garrison State......Page 131
A dual state......Page 134
Political Exclusion......Page 135
Economic Marginalization......Page 136
Social Segregation......Page 137
Fear......Page 138
Destruction......Page 139
Death......Page 142
Death in Custody......Page 144
Was There a “Third Force”?......Page 145
Massacre at Boipatong......Page 146
The normative state......Page 151
Tsewu v. Registrar of Deeds and the Property of Land 1905......Page 153
Whittaker v. Roos and Bateman 1912......Page 154
Harris v. Minister of the Interior 1952......Page 155
R. v. Adams and Others 1959......Page 158
Incorporated Law Society, Transvaal v. Mandela 1954......Page 159
Roussouw v. Sachs 1964......Page 160
Politics by other means......Page 162
Komani v. Bantu Affairs Administration Board 1979......Page 163
Rikhoto v. East Rand Administration Board 1983......Page 164
Trial and appeal courts......Page 167
Trials in the 1950s and 1960s......Page 168
Trials in the 1970s......Page 169
Trials in the 1980s......Page 174
Appeals......Page 175
Appeals in the 1950s......Page 176
Appeals in the 1960s–1970s......Page 177
Appeals in the 1980s......Page 178
A wicked legal system......Page 191
The Structure of Apartheid Law......Page 192
The Collapse of the Portuguese Empire......Page 197
Economic Downturn and the U-Turn in Investment......Page 199
Resistance and Insurrection in the Townships......Page 201
From Botha to De Klerk......Page 203
The End of the Cold War......Page 204
ANC......Page 206
NP......Page 208
Agents and preferences......Page 209
Fears of the Future......Page 210
Apartheid’s Endgame......Page 212
Agents and Preferences I......Page 213
Strategies and Outcomes I......Page 214
Strategies and Outcomes II......Page 216
Analytic Narratives......Page 217
Narrative 1: Electoral Design......Page 218
Narrative 2: Constitutional Design......Page 219
An Excursus on the Bill of Rights......Page 224
Narrative 3: Justicial Design......Page 227
Anti-apartheid Lawyering......Page 230
An Excursus on Taxes......Page 239
Law as tradition......Page 241
Examining the Data......Page 242
Evaluating the Data......Page 253
Explaining the Data......Page 255
The Calvinist Tradition......Page 261
The Anglican Tradition......Page 270
The Vernacular Tradition......Page 271
The legitimacy of law......Page 286
A Two-Step......Page 287
The Morality of Truth......Page 290
The Challenge and the Decision......Page 291
The Reactions......Page 293
Caveats......Page 295
The State as Problem......Page 297
The State as Prize......Page 298
The State as Solution......Page 299
Mandela’s Law......Page 301
De Klerk’s Law......Page 303
Statutory Interpretation......Page 305
Fundamental Rights......Page 308
Reasonableness......Page 309
A Final Thought on Leadership......Page 311
A recapitulation......Page 312
Part III A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS......Page 315
8 A Plausibility Probe......Page 317
The prerogative state and the normative state......Page 318
Civilian Rule and the Establishment of Democracy in 1830......Page 319
Military Rule and the Breakdown of Democracy in 1973......Page 320
Remnants of the Normative State......Page 322
Pinochet’s endgame......Page 323
Military Constitutionalism......Page 324
A Limited Dictatorship......Page 325
Long-run consequences......Page 326
“Le Echamos con un Lapis”......Page 331
In Part Good, In Part Bad......Page 332
9 Conclusion......Page 336
A Telling Case......Page 337
Sir Sydney’s Advice......Page 338
A Plausible Case......Page 339
The lessons of law......Page 340
Law of the Long Run......Page 341
A New Subtype......Page 343
Then......Page 345
Now......Page 346
A truth about law......Page 347
Creating a Legal Tradition?......Page 348
Bibliography......Page 351
Index......Page 391