The League of Nations and the Protection of the Environment

Cover
Half-title page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Fighting Pollution Made by Humankind: The League of Nations and the Endeavors of the Convention against the Pollution of the Sea by Oil
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Historical Background of Polluted Seas and Human Concerns
		1.2.1 Polluted Seas As a Domestic Problem: Concerns of Oil Pollution in Britain and the United States
		1.2.2 The Transnational Phase: The 1923 Paris Conference, and the First International Conference on the Pollution of the Sea by Oil (Washington, 1926)
	1.3 The League of Nations and the Antipollution Campaign
		1.3.1 The Save-the-Seabirds Campaign Reaches the League: A Special Committee of Experts Is Formed
		1.3.2 The Committee of Experts Discusses the Pollution Problem and Prepares a Special Questionnaire with a Draft Convention
		1.3.3 The League Distributes the Questionnaire with the Draft Convention; States and Organizations Reply
		1.3.4 Finalizing the Antipollution Convention, and the Bitter End
	1.4 Conclusion: Pollution, Seas, and the post-1945 Period – from Geneva to Stockholm and Back Again
2 The League of Nations and the Whaling Dilemma
	2.1 Sea of Whales
		2.1.1 Introduction
		2.1.2 General Timeline and Outline
	2.2 Whales and Whaling: The Historical Background of Whaling in a Nutshell
	2.3 Interwar Diplomacy and the Rise of International Whaling Law
		2.3.1 Preparing to Launch a Special Questionnaire
		2.3.2 Replying to the League: States and Different Organizations’ Responses to the Special Questionnaire
		2.3.3 The Codification Committee Summarizes the Replies with a Sense of Urgency
		2.3.4 Toward the April 1927 Experts Meeting in Paris, and the British Interdepartmental Conference on the Question of International Control of Whaling (October 1927)
		2.3.5 The Early 1930s and the First International Whaling Convention
		2.3.6 Toward the 1937 Convention: The Media Picks a Side
	2.4 Conclusion
3 Sanitation, Spreading Diseases, and Environmental Concerns: The League of Nations’ Campaign for Rural Hygiene
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Background and Historical Survey: A Brief Introduction to the Historiography of Sanitary Efforts and Environmental Concerns
	3.3 The League of Nations, Rural Hygiene, Sanitation, and Environmental Threats
		3.3.1 Early Steps and Preparations: The Interchange Program (1928), and the Budapest Conference (October 1930)
		3.3.2 The 1931 European Conference on Rural Hygiene
		3.3.3 Following Up the 1931 Conference and Preparing for the Second Intergovernmental Conference on Rural Hygiene
		3.3.4 The Intergovernmental Conference of Far Eastern Countries on Rural Hygiene, Bandoeng (Java), August 1937
	3.4 Conclusion
4 Raw Materials, the Timber Crisis, and Fears of Deforestation during the Interwar Period
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Timber in the Interwar Period
		4.2.1 A Short Introduction to the Special Interest of the League in Raw Materials
		4.2.2 Striving for a Global Timber Regime: International Bodies Apply Institutional Energy to International Timber Production and Trade
		4.2.3 The Timber Wars of the 1930s
	4.3 The Timber Challenge and Concerns of Deforestation: The League Harmonizes Economic, Industrial, and Environmental Perspectives
		4.3.1 Regulation of the Timber Trade to Support the Industry
		4.3.2 Environmental Concerns Added to the General Economic-Industrial Framework
	4.4 Conclusions: A (Comparative) Glimpse of the post-1945 Period, Forest Conservation, and International Law
5 Evaluating the Environmental Regime of the League of Nations: Comparative Discussion
	5.1 Environmental Challenges and Problems As an Accelerator for Collective International Action
	5.2 Legal and Procedural Ways in Which the League Handled the Environmental Questions As Evolving Complex Dilemmas
	5.3 The League Practiced Different Modes of International Law through Its Environmental Regime
	5.4 Who Gets to Play the Game of International Law: New States and NGOs
	5.5 The Central Role of Scientific Expertise
	5.6 Devoted Individual Pioneers
	5.7 The League Did Not Suddenly Become an Environmental Shrine
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index