The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan

The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan
Foreword
Contents
The Late Bronze Age at Tell es-Safi/Gath and the site’s role in Southwestern Canaan
	General Points
	Discussion
	References
The Wheat-People of Canaan
	Introduction
	Methods
		Late Bronze floral list
	Results and discussion
		General patterns of Late Bronze Shephelah plant assemblage
		Diet and subsistence
			Shared patterns of dietary preferences
			Site-specific diet preferences
			The Shephelah in a regional context
		Late Bronze Canaan Agronomy
			Type of agriculture
			Practice for soil fertility maintenance
	Conclusions
		Wheat-People of Canaan
	Acknowledgments
	References
Late Bronze Age Azekah – an almost forgotten story
	Introduction
	Late Bronze stratigraphy
	The pottery
	Absolute chronology
	Residue analysis
	Human remains
	Pictorial and figurative amulets
	Clay figurines
	Historical reflections and conclusions
	References
A reevaluation of Gezer in the Late Bronze Age in light of renewed excavations and recent scholarship
	History of excavations and debates
	Overview of HUC excavations
		“Palace 14120”
		Late Bronze Age occupation in Fields I and II
		The “Outer Wall”
	Late Bronze Age tombs at Gezer
	Gezer in recent research
		Gezer and the Amarna tablets (LB IIA)
		Gezer and LB site distribution
		Where is the Egyptian Governor’s residence?
		Gezer and recent material culture studies
		Summary
	Tandy excavations
		Late Bronze Age
		Outer Wall
	Conclusion
	References
Tel Batash in the Late Bronze Age – a retrospect
	The foundation of the town: Middle Bronze Age: Strata XII–XI
	The Late Bronze Age levels: architecture and finds
		Stratum X
		Stratum IX
		Stratum VIII
		Stratum VII
		Stratum VIA-B
	Area A stratigraphic sequence
	Area C: possible gate passage
	Additional finds: non-organic and organic
	Radiometric dates and some chronological queries
	Historical and chronological synthesis
		Continuity from Middle Bronze to Late Bronze
		Geopolitical status
		Regional occupational history
		Urban planning
		Architecture and its social reflections
	References
First impression on the urban layout of the last Canaanite city of Lachish: a view from the northeast corner of the site
	Introduction
	The vicinity of the city and the location of the city gates
	The topography of area BB
	“Lower City” and “Upper City”
		The citadel
		The temple
	The transition between Level VII and VI
	Summary
	References
Lachish is Lachish on the Lachish bowl: an object lesson for reading Hieratic, with little surprising results. The Lachish Bowl in the context of Hieratic inscriptions from
southern Canaan
	Toponym I: Lachish!
	Toponym II: Jaffa?
	References
Tel Burna in the Late Bronze – assessing the 13th century BCE landscape of the Shephelah
	Introduction
	Tel Burna
	The LB at Tel Burna
		Area B2
		Area B1
		13th century BCE date for Area B1?
	Comparison of excavated sites in the Shephelah
		Gezer
		Beqoʿa
		Tel Miqne-Ekron
		Timnah (Tel Batash)
		Beth Shemesh
		Tel Harasim
		Tell es-Safi/Gath
		Azekah
		Tel Yarmuth
		Tel Erani
		Tel Zayit
		Lachish
		Tel ʿEton
		Tell Beit Mirsim
		Tel Nagila
		Tell el-Hesi
	Conclusion
	References
Jerusalem in the Late Bronze Age – The Glass Half Full
	The evidence at hand
	Recent finds from the excavations in the Area of the Gihon Spring
	Discussion
	References
Hebron in the Late Bronze Age: Discoveries of the of the American expedition to Hebron (Tell er-Rumeide)
	The site
	The AEH expedition
		Later excavations at Hebron
	Area I.1 – A domestic living structure
	Area I.6 – Another domestic living structure
	Area I.3 and Area I.7 – Outside the city fortifications
		Area I.4 – Additional late bronze evidence
	Tomb #2
	Adjustments to AEH phase correlation
	MBII, LB, and Iron I sherd frequency
	Conclusions
	References
The Transjordanian Jordan Valley in the Late Bronze Age: under Egyptian control?
	Introduction
	Chronology
	Selected earlier studies
	The case of Pella
	The case of Tell Abu al-Kharaz
	The case of Tell Deir ʿAlla
	The case of Tell es-Saʿidiyeh
	The case of Kataret es-Samra
	Discussion and conclusions
	References
Shifting meanings and values of Aegean-type pottery in the Late Bronze Age Southern Levant
	Introduction
	Preamble: terms and concepts
	State of research
	Horizons of interaction with Aegean-type pottery
		Cretan horizon
		Horizon Tell Abu Hawam
	Horizon Nami
	Phoenician Horizon
	The Philistia
	References
Prestige and authority in the Southern Levant during the Amarna Age
	Introduction: perceptions of Amarna politics
	Socio-political textual clues
	Prestige, authority and patronage
	A socio-political sketch of the Southern Levant in Amarna times
	Conclusion
	References
Southwestern Canaan and Egypt during the Late Bronze Age I–IIA
	Introduction
	Settlement history: Late Bronze Age I–IIA
	Changing charms
	Goddess in translation
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	References
Index