The Investigative State: Regulatory Oversight in the United States: The Investigative State

Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	1 The Underinclusive Concept of Oversight
	2 Broadening the Conception of Legislative Power
	3 The Punctuated Nature of Congressional Delegation and the Investigative State
	4 Delegating Oversight: Fire Chiefs and Oversight Efficiency
2 The American Political History and Jurisprudence Behind Congressional Delegation of the Investigative Power
	1 The Legislative Power to Investigate and Its Delegation to the Executive Branch
		1.1 The Legislative Power to Investigate
			The Congressional Power to Investigate Political Officials
			The Congressional Power to Investigate the Private Sphere
		1.2 Delegation Beyond Rules
			Congress Has Delegated to the Bureaucracy the Legislative Power to Investigate the Private Sector
			Congressional Delegation of the Legislative Power to Make Rules over the Private Sector Presumes a Prior Delegation of the Legislative Power to Investigate
			Congress Delegates’ Political Monitoring of Administration Appointees by Creating Bureaucratic Oversight Officials
	2 The Legal Dynamics of Political Oversight
		2.1 The Supreme Court’s Recognition of Bureaucratic Investigations as Legislative, Not Executive, Powers
		2.2 Congressional Oversight of the Bureaucracy as an Implied Power Arising from Delegation
		2.3 The Institutional Response to the Legislative Bureaucracy: Unitary Executive Theory, Nondelegation Doctrine, and “Accommodation”
3 Congressional Delegation of Its Power to Monitor Policy Implementation
	1 The Law of Delegation and the Politics of Oversight
	2 Effects of Investigative Delegations on Congressional Oversight
		2.1 Motivations to Delegate: Maximal Electoral Rewards for Minimum Work
		2.2 Administrative Procedures Serve a Monitoring Function by Attaching Requirements to Delegation That Maximize Electoral Preferences
			Administrative Subpoenas Issued by the Bureaucracy over the Private Sector Would Be Expected to Reduce Oversight Workload
			The Paired Strategies of the Administrative Procedure Act and the Legislative Reorganization Act: Committee Oversight Structure to Reward Agenda-Setting
4 The Politics of Overseeing the Administrative State
	1 Punctuated Delegation: The Political Development of the Administrative State
	2 Ideological Motivations for Oversight, Electoral Explanations for Its Delegation
	3 Political Control over Delegation Through the Electoral Connection
	4 Congressional Oversight in Decline or Optimally Efficient?
		4.1 Bureaucratic Investigations as Legislative
		4.2 Bureaucratic Investigations as Law Enforcement
	5 An Empirical Model of Delegation and Oversight
	6 Results
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	Appendix A: Measuring Oversight
	Appendix B: Additional Models of Effects of Investigative Delegation on Oversight Efficiency
	Appendix C: Checking Robustness of DDD Model via Placebos
	Appendix D: Additional Checks on Law Enforcement Effects on Oversight Efficiency
5 Punctuated Delegation and the Politics of Administrative Law
	1 Rethinking Congressional Oversight
	2 Rethinking the Law of Congressional Oversight
	3 The Enforcement State
	4 Pluralistic, Not Unitary, Sovereignty
Index