The International Law of Human Trafficking

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 2
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
Table of Cases......Page 16
Table of Treaties and Other International Instruments......Page 24
Table of Common Abbreviations......Page 58
THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING......Page 60
Introduction......Page 62
1 - The International Legal Definition......Page 73
1.1. History of a Definition......Page 74
1.2. The 2000 Definition of Trafficking......Page 86
1.3. Post-2000 Developments......Page 103
1.4. The Scope and Limits of the Definition......Page 108
2.1. A Brief History of Trafficking in International Human Rights Treaty Law......Page 115
2.2. Trafficking in Transnational Criminal Law......Page 129
2.3. Regional Legal Agreements......Page 156
2.4. Nontreaty Aspects of the International Legal Framework......Page 193
3.1. Trafficked Persons as Noncitizens......Page 205
3.2. Trafficked Persons as Migrants and Migrant Workers......Page 220
3.3. Trafficking and Slavery......Page 238
3.4. Trafficking as a Form of Discrimination and Violence against Women......Page 252
3.5. Trafficking and Asylum......Page 258
3.6. Trafficking in International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law......Page 270
4 - State Responsibility for Trafficking......Page 279
4.1. A General Theory of International Responsibility......Page 280
4.2. State Responsibility for Violations of International Law Associated with Trafficking......Page 283
4.3. State Responsibility for Trafficking-Related Breach of Obligations Originating in the Conduct of Private Persons or Entities......Page 296
4.4. Consequences of a Finding of State Responsibility......Page 312
4.5. Invocation of Responsibility......Page 320
4.6. A Note on Legal Responsibilities of International Organizations, Private Individuals, and Private Entities......Page 330
4.7. Summary of the Key Principles of State Responsibility Relevant to Trafficking......Page 333
5 - Obligations of Protection and Support......Page 337
5.1. Rapid and Accurate Victim Identification......Page 339
5.2. No Prosecution or Detention of Victims......Page 344
5.3. Protection and Support for Victims......Page 358
5.4. Legal Assistance, Participation, and the Right to Remain......Page 376
5.5. The Rights and Needs of Child Victims......Page 384
5.6. Conclusions on Obligations of Protection and Support......Page 397
6 - Obligations Related to Repatriation and Remedies......Page 398
6.1. Repatriation of Victims......Page 399
6.2. Access to Remedies......Page 415
7 - Obligations of an Effective Criminal Justice Response......Page 431
7.1. The Obligation of Criminalization......Page 432
7.2. Effective Investigation, Prosecution, and Adjudication......Page 443
7.3. Effective and Proportionate Sanctions......Page 453
7.4. Asset Confiscation and Use of Confiscated Assets......Page 461
7.5. International Cooperation......Page 465
8 - Obligations to Prevent Trafficking and Respond Lawfully......Page 475
8.1. Prevention through Addressing Vulnerability......Page 476
8.2. Prevention through Addressing Demand......Page 493
8.3. Prevention through Addressing Corruption and Complicity......Page 503
8.4. Obligation to Respond Lawfully......Page 514
9.1. Compliance Theories and Variables......Page 522
9.2. Formal Compliance Mechanisms under the Specialist Treaties......Page 527
9.3. Promoting Compliance through the International Human Rights System......Page 538
9.4. Unilateral Compliance Machinery: The U.S. Evaluation and Reporting System......Page 541
9.5. Transnational Compliance Networks......Page 547
9.6. Improving Compliance: Issues and Prospects......Page 557
Epilogue......Page 560
Select Bibliography......Page 566
Index......Page 590