The Human Species: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Preface......Page 14
Walkthrough......Page 19
Brief Contents\n......Page 4
Contents\n......Page 6
PART I Evolutionary Background......Page 26
1\nBiological Anthropology and Evolution......Page 28
What Is Anthropology?......Page 29
Science and Evolution......Page 34
SPECIAL TOPIC: Biological Anthropologists at Work......Page 35
Supplemental Readings......Page 52
Virtual Explorations......Page 53
Molecular Genetics......Page 56
Mendelian Genetics......Page 65
Mutations......Page 77
SPECIAL TOPIC: PCR and Ancient DNA......Page 80
Summary......Page 81
Virtual Explorations......Page 82
Cell Biology: A Review......Page 84
Population Genetics......Page 90
The Evolutionary Forces......Page 95
SPECIAL TOPIC: Tay-Sachs Disease: Genetic Drift or\nNatural Selection?......Page 111
Supplemental Readings......Page 112
Virtual Explorations......Page 113
The Birth and Death of Species......Page 116
Misconceptions about Evolution......Page 123
SPECIAL TOPIC: Science Fiction and Orthogenesis......Page 126
Classification of Species......Page 127
Summary......Page 133
Virtual Explorations......Page 134
PART II Our Place in Nature......Page 136
5\nThe Primates......Page 138
Characteristics of Mammals......Page 139
Primate Characteristics......Page 146
Primate Diversity......Page 151
Summary......Page 166
Virtual Explorations......Page 167
Primate Behavioral Ecology......Page 170
SPECIAL\nTOPIC: Social Structure and Testes Size in Primates......Page 177
Case Studies of Primate Behavior......Page 182
Virtual Explorations......Page 198
7\nThe Human Species......Page 202
Characteristics of Living Humans......Page 203
The Human Life Cycle......Page 211
Human Behavior Unique?......Page 216
SPECIAL TOPIC: Humans and Apes—What Genes Are\nDifferent?......Page 217
Virtual Explorations......Page 224
PART III Our Origins......Page 226
Dating the Past......Page 228
Reconstructing the Past......Page 234
Life before the Primates......Page 243
SPECIAL TOPIC: A Perspective on Geologic Time......Page 244
Summary......Page 247
Virtual Explorations......Page 248
Early Primate Evolution......Page 252
Evolution of the Miocene Hominoids......Page 260
SPECIAL TOPIC: The Giant Ape......Page 264
Virtual Explorations......Page 269
10\nThe Beginnings of Human Evolution......Page 272
Overview of Human Evolution......Page 273
The Fossil Evidence of Early Hominin Evolution......Page 275
Evolutionary Trends......Page 295
SPECIAL TOPIC: The Piltdown Hoax......Page 296
Summary......Page 304
Virtual Explorations......Page 305
11\nThe Origin of the Genus Homo......Page 308
Homo Habilis......Page 309
Homo Erectus......Page 313
The Culture of Homo Erectus......Page 323
Summary......Page 326
Virtual Explorations......Page 327
Homo Heidelbergensis......Page 330
The Neandertals......Page 339
SPECIAL TOPIC: Neandertals: Names and Images......Page 341
Summary......Page 350
Virtual Explorations......Page 351
Anatomically Modern Humans......Page 354
The Modern Human Origins Debate......Page 366
SPECIAL TOPIC: The Iceman......Page 373
Recent Biological and Cultural Evolution in\nHomo Sapiens......Page 374
Summary......Page 376
Virtual Explorations......Page 377
PART IV Our Diversity......Page 380
14\nThe Study of Human Variation......Page 382
Measuring Human Variation......Page 384
Race and Human Variation......Page 391
Global Patterns of Human Genetic Variation......Page 396
SPECIAL TOPIC: Genetics, Race, and IQ......Page 401
Supplemental Readings......Page 402
Virtual Explorations......Page 403
Genetics and Population History......Page 406
Natural Selection in Human Populations......Page 413
Natural Selection and Culture Change......Page 423
SPECIAL TOPIC: Are Humans Still Experiencing Natural Selection?......Page 424
Supplemental Readings......Page 427
Virtual Explorations......Page 428
16\nHuman Adaptation......Page 432
Climate and Human Adaptation......Page 433
SPECIAL TOPIC: Cranial Plasticity—Did Boas Get It Right?......Page 437
High-Altitude Adaptation......Page 441
Nutritional Adaptation......Page 445
Summary......Page 451
Virtual Explorations......Page 452
The Biological Impact of Agriculture......Page 456
The Biological Impact of Civilization......Page 464
Changes in Modern Times......Page 466
SPECIAL TOPIC: The Baby Boom......Page 477
Summary......Page 481
Virtual Explorations......Page 482
EPILOGUE The Future of Our Species......Page 484
Glossary......Page 486
References......Page 498
Credits......Page 514
Index......Page 516