The History of Panama

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Series Foreword......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Timeline of Historical Events......Page 15
Contents......Page 7
1 Panama Is a Canal and More......Page 21
THE LAND AND ECONOMY......Page 23
THE PEOPLE AND CULTURE......Page 25
POLITICS AND RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES......Page 27
NOTES......Page 30
ESTABLISHING THE COLONY......Page 31
FLEETING INDEPENDENCE......Page 35
THE PANAMA RAILROAD......Page 38
THE WATERMELON WAR AND INTERVENTION......Page 41
THE CANAL’S FALSE START......Page 42
THE TURNING POINT......Page 44
NOTES......Page 46
ALMOST A CANAL......Page 47
CREATING INDEPENDENCE AND A CANAL......Page 50
JOINING THE TWO SEAS......Page 55
BUILDING A NATION......Page 57
THE RISE AND FALL OF ARNULFO ARIAS......Page 61
NOTES......Page 62
4 Panama during the Cold War......Page 65
GROWING NATIONALISM......Page 66
THE RISE OF THE NATIONAL GUARD......Page 68
THE FIRST BREAK WITH THE PAST......Page 69
STEPS TOWARD SOVEREIGNTY......Page 71
THE ISTHMUS STARTS TO SMOLDER......Page 75
DISINTEGRATION AMID PROGRESS......Page 76
THE FLAG INCIDENT......Page 78
NOTES......Page 84
5 Dictatorship, Nationalism, and the Canal Treaties, 1968–1981......Page 85
ENIGMATIC DICTATORSHIP......Page 87
REFORMS AND CONSOLIDATION......Page 90
THE STICK......Page 94
DAVID AGAINST GOLIATH......Page 95
HAMMERING OUT TREATIES......Page 100
TWO-STEP PROCESS......Page 101
Surviving the Victory......Page 104
INTRANSIGENCE AND SHOOTING STARS......Page 106
NOTES......Page 107
6 The Noriega Years, 1981–1990......Page 109
NORIEGA TAKES CHARGE......Page 111
THE FACADE CRUMBLES......Page 115
THE 1984 ELECTION......Page 116
THE SPADAFORA INCIDENT......Page 118
PANAMA IN CRISIS......Page 120
UNBINDING TIES......Page 121
THE CRISIS BEGINS......Page 123
THE CRISIS DEEPENS......Page 127
THE LAST STRAW......Page 130
INVASION......Page 134
NOTES......Page 137
7 Democracy and the Canal Gained......Page 139
RIGHTING THE SHIP OF STATE......Page 140
EXORCIZING GHOSTS......Page 142
A BULL IN THE CANAL......Page 144
ECHOES OF THE PAST......Page 147
PANAMANIANS FIND A VOICE......Page 148
A Number of Firsts......Page 149
A Virtual Minefield......Page 151
A Panamanian Canal......Page 152
PANAMA FLIES SOLO......Page 153
Swinging the Pendulum Again......Page 154
LOOKING FORWARD THROUGH THE PAST......Page 155
NOTES......Page 156
Notable People in the History of Panama......Page 159
Bibliographic Essay......Page 165
Index......Page 171