The History of Late Modern Englishes: An Activity-based Approach

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Phonetic symbols used
1 Into the middle of things
	1.1 How different was eighteenth century English?
	1.2 The variety of ‘Englishes’
	1.3 Previously, in English
		The overview
	1.4 About this book, and how to use it
	Activity section
		1A Previously, in English
	Further reading
	Note
2 ‘Ascertaining English’: The eighteenth century
	2.1 Swift, dunces, fops, and students
	2.2 Prescription and proscription
	2.3 Usage guides: what to say and what not to say
	2.4 Johnson’s Dictionary
	2.5 Some characteristics of eighteenth-century English
		2.5.1 Graphology
		2.5.2 Grammar
		2.5.3 Vocabulary
	2.6 Prescription and description
	Activity section
		2A ‘The depravity of our taste’
		2B Between you and I
		2C What not to say
		2D ‘Just pronunciation’
		2E Defining ‘everyday’ words
		2F The ways of idleness (AS)
		2G ‘Capricious and humorous indulgence’ (AS)
		2H A linguistic lament
	Answer section
		2C What not to say
		2D ‘Just pronunciation’
		2F The ways of idleness
		2G ‘Capricious and humorous indulgence’
	Further reading
	Notes
3 The nineteenth century: English, standard and non-standard
	3.1 Language and history
		3.1.1 ‘Ignorant tradesmen’
		3.1.2 The British Empire
		3.1.3 The Industrial Revolution
		3.1.4 Science and technology
		3.1.5 Social upheaval
	3.2 The interest in matters linguistic
		3.2.1 More books about language
		3.2.2 Shibboleths
		3.2.3 The Oxford English Dictionary (OED)
	3.3 Developing a standard English
	3.4 A variety of varieties
		3.4.1 ‘Slipper English’
		3.4.2 Social class
		3.4.3 Dialect
		3.4.4 Slang
	3.5 Nineteenth-century words
		3.5.1 Borrowing
		3.5.2 New words, new forms, new meanings
	3.6 The setting sun
	Activity section
		Activity 3A More history
		Activity 3B Some grammatical ‘mistakes’ (AS)
		Activity 3C We be a-bid (AS)
	Glossary
		Activity 3D Take a butcher’s at this (AS)
		Activity 3E Words from where?
	Answer section
		Activity 3B Some grammatical ‘mistakes’
		Section 3.6.2 Social class
		Activity 3C We be a-bid
		Activity 3D Take a butcher’s at this
	Further reading
	Notes
4 A short interlude about variety
	4.1 Bad press
	4.2 Do and have in Berkshire
	4.3 Good or bad, nice or nasty, right or wrong?
	4.4 ‘Variation attractors’
		4.4.1 Sounds
			The letter ‘r’
			Diphthongs and long vowels
			/t/, and other plosives
			/ŋ/
		4.4.2 Grammar
		4.4.3 Words
	4.5 Traditional and mainstream dialects
	Activity section
		Activity 4A Where often goes (AS)
		Activity 4B Rhotacism
	Answer section
		Activity 4A Where often goes
	Further reading
	Notes
5 ‘A tongue of small reach’: England
	5.1 British dialects, and dialect studies
	5.2 England
		5.2.1 Cockney
		5.2.2 Multicultural London English
		5.2.3 Estuary English
		5.2.4 The West Country
		5.2.5 The North
	5.3 The three caveats
	Activity section
		Activity 5A Leaping insects
		Activity 5B Widecombe-in-the-Moor
		Activity 5C A West Country summary
	Answer section
		5.2.1 Cockney pronunciation of /θ/ and /ð/
		Activity 5A
	Further reading
	Notes
6 ‘A tongue of small reach’: Wales, Scotland, Ireland
	6.1 The Celts
	6.2 Wales
	6.3 Sexy Scottish?
		Glossary
	6.4 Irish English
	6.5 A one-way street, or two-way traffic?
	Activity section
		Activity 6A Scandinavian roots
		Activity 6B Irish questions and answers
	Answer section
		Box 6.1 Riddle
		Activity 6A (Scandinavian roots
		Section 6.4 Cleft sentences
		Section 6.5 Three words
	Further reading
	Notes
7 ‘Immigrants goes to America’: English in North America
	7.1 Many hellos in America
	7.2 Old languages in the New World
	7.3 GA comes of age
	7.4 American, or Patagonian? British and  American English
		7.4.1 American and British pronunciation
		7.4.2 American and British words
		7.4.3 American and British grammar
	7.5 Varieties of American English
	7.6 Studying American dialects
	7.7 Canada
	7.8 Adaptation, acceptance, continuity
	Activity section
		Activity 7A Dates and events
		Activity 7B Moccasins and cockroaches
		Activity 7C A question of honor
		Activity 7D Petrol and gas AS
	Answer section
		Activity 7D Petrol and gas
		7.7 Canadian raising
	Further reading
	Notes
8 A world apart? : Australia and New Zealand
	8.1 ‘So many new names …’
	8.2 Australia
		8.2.1 Seeking the ‘balancing land’: history and immigration
		8.2.2 Establishing AusE
		8.2.3 Australian varieties
		8.2.4 Australian pronunciation
		8.2.5 Australian words
		8.2.6 Australian informality
	8.3 New Zealand
	8.4 Does distance matter?
	Activity section
		Activity 8A Do you speak good flash? AS
		Activity 8B Let Stalk Strine AS
		Activity 8C Barbies and smokos AS
	Answer section
		Activity 8A Do you speak good flash?
		Activity 8B Let Stalk Strine
		Activity 8C Barbies and smokos
		Section 8.3 NZE diphthongs
	Further Reading
	Notes
9 Wider still and wider
	9.1 Diasporas and circles
	9.2 India: Macaulay’s ‘Minute’, and some history
	9.3 Outer Circle India
	9.4 What Indian English (IE) is like6
		9.4.1 Pronunciation
		9.4.2 Grammar
		9.4.3 Words
		9.4.4 Babu style
	9.5 The ‘-isation’ process
	Activity Section
		Activity 9A Swadeshi English
		Activity 9B Only meanings AS
		Activity 9C Meeting vishwasghaats AS
	Answer Section
		Activity 9B Only meanings
		Activity 9C Meeting vishwasghaats
	Further reading
	Notes
10 Pidgins, Creoles, and Tok Pisin: A ‘ghastly mutilated English’?
	10.1 An extraordinary linguistic event
	10.2 Some features of pidgins and creoles
	10.3 Tok Pisin
		10.3.1 The language, and where it is spoken
		10.3.2 A Party Invitation
		10.3.3 Some more TP grammar
			Inclusive and exclusive ‘we’
			Tense and aspect
		10.3.4 TP words
	10.4 ‘Ghastly mutilated English’?
	Activity section
		Activity 10A I gave him
		Activity 10B What the Party Invitation shows AS
		Activity 10C Some TP grammar
		Activity 10D Haus, gras and more AS
			Selective glossary
	Answer section
		Box 10.1 Sranan word-formation
		Section 10.2 The Party Invitation
		Activity 10B What the Party Invitation shows
		Activity 10D Haus, gras, and more
	Further reading
	Notes
11 Worldwide
	11.1 English seepage
	11.2 ELF
	11.3 Netspeak: ‘like a jungle river’
	11.4 ESP, worldwide
	11.5 A language for the future, with a past
	Activity section
		Activity 11A Aisukurimu for anyone? AS
		Activity 11B Euro-English grammar? AS
		Activity 11C Downloading and offline AS
		Activity 11D Lolspeaking AS
	Answer section
		Activity 11A Aisukurimu for anyone?
		Activity 11B Euro-English grammar?
		Activity 11C Downloading and offline
		Activity 11D (Lolspeaking)
	Further reading
	Notes
12 English: A language with a past … and a future?
	12.1 English shows its past
		12.1.1 English and its Germanic roots
		12.1.2 History in spelling
	12.2 English, a language with a future?
		12.2.1 Ozymandias and the desert
		12.2.2 English as a global language?
			High user numbers
			Power and popularity
			Language simplicity?
			A standard form
		12.2.3 A global English? Which variety?
		12.2.4 Displacing English
	12.3 The future, always unclear
	12.4 And finally
	Activity section
		Activity 12A What does the mean? AS
		Activity 12B Gulliver simplified
	Answer section
		Activity 12A What does the mean?
	Further reading
	Notes
Glossary
References
Index