The High Energy Universe

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 12
1.1 The dark and the light......Page 15
1.2 Where the fires burn......Page 16
1.3 The vast dark sea......Page 19
1.4 The great beyond......Page 20
1.5 The next steps......Page 22
2.1.1 Atoms and quanta......Page 25
2.1.2 Anti-matter, neutrinos and the particle explosion......Page 27
2.1.3 Elementary, dear Watson......Page 29
2.2 The forces: three easy pieces and a harder one......Page 31
2.2.1 The electromagnetic force......Page 32
2.2.2 The weak force......Page 34
2.2.3 The strong force......Page 37
2.2.4 The gravitational force......Page 39
2.3 Beyond the Standard Model......Page 42
2.4 Into the soup......Page 43
3.1 The dynamics of the Universe......Page 45
3.2 The primordial fireball: a particle cauldron......Page 52
3.3 Into the unknown: the GUT and Planck eras......Page 56
3.4 Inflation, dark energy and dark matter......Page 57
4.1 The perturbed Universe......Page 60
4.2 Large scale structure formation......Page 62
4.3 Stars: the Universe’s worker bees......Page 69
4.4 Stellar and galactic concentrates......Page 71
4.5 Black hole characteristics......Page 74
4.6 Black hole astrophysics......Page 78
5.1 What makes a galaxy “active”?......Page 81
5.2 MBH masses, masers and distances......Page 83
5.3 An AGN garden, classified......Page 88
5.4 Extreme AGNs......Page 94
6.1 Stellar high energy sources......Page 97
6.2.1 White dwarf formation......Page 98
6.2.2 White dwarf high energy sources......Page 99
6.3.1 Core collapse and neutron stars......Page 101
6.3.2 Core collapse and black holes......Page 103
6.3.3 Diffuse supernova remnants......Page 104
6.4 Neutron stars and pulsars......Page 106
6.5 Accreting X-ray binaries......Page 108
6.6 Millisecond pulsars......Page 109
6.7 Magnetars......Page 110
6.8 Stellar black holes......Page 112
6.9 Micro-quasars: neutron stars or black holes?......Page 114
7.1 What are gamma-ray bursts?......Page 117
7.2 Phenomenology of gamma-ray bursts......Page 118
7.3 The GRB prompt radiation......Page 123
7.4.1 Long gamma-ray bursts......Page 126
7.4.2 Long gamma-ray bursts and supernovae......Page 127
7.4.3 Short gamma-ray bursts......Page 128
7.5 GRB afterglows......Page 129
7.7 Very high energy gamma-rays......Page 132
7.8 Non-photonic emission......Page 135
7.9 Wider impact of GRB multi-channel studies......Page 136
8.2 Galactic Gev–TeV sources......Page 138
8.3 Extragalactic sources......Page 142
8.4 Detectability of GeV–TeV sources......Page 146
8.5 GeV and TeV detection techniques......Page 150
9.1 Ripples in space-time......Page 154
9.2 Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves......Page 157
9.3 Stellar binary GW sources......Page 159
9.4 Galaxies as gravitational wave sources......Page 163
9.5 Gravitational wave detectors......Page 165
10.1 Particles from Heaven......Page 168
10.2 Ultra-high energy cosmic rays......Page 172
10.3 Cosmic-ray observational techniques......Page 176
11.1 The elusive neutrinos......Page 180
11.2 Stellar and supernova neutrinos......Page 182
11.3 Atmospheric neutrinos......Page 184
11.4 VHE astrophysical neutrinos......Page 185
11.5 Cosmogenic neutrinos......Page 189
11.6 Neutrino detectors......Page 190
12.1 Dark matter......Page 194
12.2 Indirect astrophysical WIMP searches......Page 195
12.3 Direct WIMP searches......Page 197
12.5 Dark energy......Page 200
12.6 Beyond the Standard Model at the LHC......Page 202
12.7 Underground astrophysics and particle physics......Page 205
Epilogue......Page 208
References......Page 210
Glossary......Page 213
Index......Page 220