The Health Sector In Eritrea

TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 5
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 11
Executive Summary......Page 13
Background......Page 19
Socioeconomic Situation......Page 20
Economic Growth and Structure of the Economy......Page 21
Government Sector and Public Debt......Page 22
Demographic Trends......Page 23
2.8: Percentage Share of Burden of Disease, 1994......Page 29
2.9: Global Trends in Infant Mortality......Page 30
2.13: Selected Countries, Percentage of Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care, 1995......Page 34
2.15: Global Trends in Maternal Mortality......Page 36
2.3: Millennium Development Goal Indicators......Page 37
Policy and Governance Context......Page 39
Planning and Budgeting......Page 40
Health System Structure, Coverage, and Capacity......Page 41
Pharmaceuticals......Page 49
Health Sector Financing......Page 50
Household Health Care Utilization and Expenditures......Page 53
Strengths......Page 57
Challenges......Page 58
Short-term Priorities......Page 61
Long-term Priorities......Page 63
Annex A. Eritrea—Ministry of Health......Page 65
Annex B. Eritrea—Trends in Macroeconomic Indicators, 1993–2000......Page 67
Annex C. The Ministry of Health Organization Structure......Page 69
Annex D. Geographic Distribution of Health Facilities in Eritrea in Year 2000......Page 81
Annex E. Health Care Financing......Page 83
Annex F. International Comparison Tables......Page 95
Annex G. Millennium Development Goals Progress Status......Page 105
Annex H. Eritrea Health Sector Performance......Page 109
Bibliography......Page 113
2.1: Demographic Indicators Estimated, 2000–2020......Page 24
2.12: Immunization Coverage for Children Under-1 in Percent (1995–1999)......Page 33
3.1: MOH Health Facilities, 1990–2000......Page 43
3.2: Global Trends in Bed Capacity per 1,000 Population......Page 44
3.3: Number of Beds and Bed Occupancy Rate by Zones, 2000......Page 45
3.3: MOH Human Resources, 1991–2000......Page 46
3.5: Distribution and Category of Available Health Personnel per zone, 2000......Page 48
E.1: Eritrea, Source of Health Care Financing,1999 (Percent)......Page 84
E.2: Eritrea, Public Sector Review of Health, 1995–1999 (in Nominal and Real Nafka)......Page 85
E.4: Eritrea, Public Sector Review of Recurrent Expenditure for Health, 1995–1999 (Percent)......Page 87
E.4: Unit Cost Estimates in Nafka for Health Facilities by Type of Service, 1994......Page 88
E.5: Cost-Effectiveness of Disease Interventions (Birr/Discounted Life Year Saved)......Page 89
E.7: Percent of Households Reporting an Illness who made Various Levels of Payment by Type of Expenditure, 1997......Page 90
E.8: Household Consumption and Health Expenditures among Total Sample Households and among Households Utilizing Health Facili......Page 91
E.9: Percent of Unit Costs Recovered through User Fee Policy by MOH Health Facilities, 1996......Page 92
E.10: Schedule of User Fees at Different Health Facility Levels......Page 93
F.1: Sub-Saharan Africa, Global Demographic Indicators, 1999......Page 96
F.2: Sub-Saharan Africa:Health Indicators (1990–1999)......Page 98
F.3: Sub-Saharan Africa, Physicians and Beds per 1,000 Population (1990–1999)......Page 100
F.4: Sub-Saharan Africa, Health Expenditure Pattern, 1990–1998......Page 102
2.1: Population Pyramid for 2000 and 2020 (in ‘000)......Page 25
2.3: Global Trends in Life Expectancy at Birth......Page 26
2.5: Selected Countries, Life Expectancy at Birth (Gender Differentials in Years) 1990–1999......Page 27
2.7: Selected Countries, Percentage Population Using Modern Contraceptives 1987–1996......Page 28
2.10: Selected Countries, Prevalence of Stunting and Underweight in Preschool Children......Page 31
2.11: Global Trends in Under-5 Mortality......Page 32
2.14: Selected Countries, Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel 1985–2000......Page 35
3.4: Global Trends of Physicians per 1,000 Population......Page 47
3.6: Global Trends in Per Capita Public Health Expenditure......Page 52
3.7: Sources of Treatment for the Ill, 1997 (in Percent)......Page 54
E.3: Public Sector Review of the Health Sector, GOE versus Donor Contribution, 1995–1999 (Percent)......Page 86
1: Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Health......Page 70
2: Proposed Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Health......Page 71
3: Zonal Level......Page 72
4: Zonal Health Organisation......Page 73