The Handbook on Female Criminality in the Former Yugoslav Countries

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Mapping Women’s Role in the History of Wars in the Former Yugoslavia, as Depicted in the Daily Newspaper Politika
	1 Introduction
	2 The Subject Matter and the Scope of Research
		2.1 Theoretical Research
		2.2 Research Background
		2.3 The Significance and Impact of Mass Media on End Users’ Behavior
	3 Normative Framework
		3.1 International Law
		3.2 National Legislation: Criminal Law
	4 Qualitative Research and Analysis of the Content of Selected Texts
		4.1 Qualitative Research Background
		4.2 Research Methodology
	5 Research Results and Discussion: Content Analysis of Selected Newspaper Articles
		5.1 Women’s Experiences at the Beginning of the War
		5.2 Women’s Experiences During the War
		5.3 Consequences: Women’s Suffering in Times of War
		5.4 Participation of Women in War
		5.5 Epilogue: The Position of Women in the Aftermath of Wars
	6 Concluding Remarks and Considerations
	References
		Legal Documents
		Newspaper Articles
Chapter 2: Women’s Crime in the Republic of Serbia: Research on Judicial Practice in the City of Niš
	1 Introduction
	2 The Subject Matter and the Goal of the Research
	3 Hypotheses Tested During the Research
	4 Research Sample and Research Method
	5 Analysis of Research Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Gender and Crime in Croatia: Female Criminality in Context
	1 Introduction with Criminologically Relevant Context
		1.1 Croatian Society
		1.2 Crime and Punishment in Croatia
		1.3 Female (Criminals) and Croatian Criminal Law
	2 Croatian Female Criminality
		2.1 Overall Female Criminality
			2.1.1 Adult Female Criminals
			2.1.2 Delinquency of Juvenile Females and Girls
			2.1.3 Adult Females and Misdemeanours
		2.2 Most Frequent Types of Female Criminality
			2.2.1 Females and White-Collar Crime
			2.2.2 Females and Domestic Violence
			2.2.3 Prostitution, Pimping and Pandering
		2.3 Croatian Criminal Justice System’s Response To Female Criminals
			2.3.1 On Prosecuting, Convicting and Sentencing Female Criminals
			2.3.2 Female Criminals in the Prison System
	3 Key Findings and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: The Feminist Pathways Perspective: The Pathways to Crime of Female Murderers in the Republic of North Macedonia
	1 Introduction
	2 The Feminist Pathways Perspective
	3 Female Social Positions and Life Trajectories in North Macedonia
	4 Methodology, Data Collection, and Sample
	5 Discussion, Classification (Categorization), and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 5: Battered Woman Syndrome in Female Perpetrators in the Republic of North Macedonia
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Development of the “Battered Woman Syndrome”
	4 About the Republic of North Macedonia
	5 Results
		5.1 Case Study No. 1
		5.2 Case Study No. 2
	6 Related Case and Recent Practice
		6.1 Related Case
		6.2 Recent Cases
	7 The Other Side of the Coin: Femicides in the Republic of North Macedonia
	8 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
		Books/Articles
		National and International Legislative
		Internet Sources
Chapter 6: Female Criminality in Montenegro
	1 Brief Overview of the Origin and Development of Montenegro
	2 The Position of Women in Montenegro Throughout History and Today
	3 Punishment of Women in Montenegro Through History
	4 Explanations of Female Criminality in Montenegro
	5 Legal Framework for Combatting Female Criminality in Montenegro
	6 Phenomenology of Female Crime in Montenegro
	7 The Most Common Crimes Committed by Women in Montenegro
		7.1 Crimes Against Property
		7.2 Crimes Against Public Traffic Safety
		7.3 Crimes of Abuse of Official Position
		7.4 Crimes Against Marriage and the Family
		7.5 Crimes of Legal Document Falsification
		7.6 Criminal Offenses Against Payment Operations and Business Operations
	8 Other Criminal Offenses Committed by Women
	9 Participation of Women in Committing Crimes with Elements of Organized Crime, Money Laundering, and Terrorism
		9.1 Aggravated Murder
		9.2 Money Laundering
		9.3 Terrorism
	10 Participation of Female Juveniles in Committing Criminal Offenses in Montenegro
	11 Female Murder Victims in Montenegro
	12 Women in the Prison System of Montenegro
	13 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
		Documents
Chapter 7: Women’s Crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Scope, Structure, and Psychosocial Status
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: Female Crime During the Armed Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina
	1 Introduction
	2 Female War Crimes During the Armed Conflict in BiH: Overview
	3 Research Questions and Methods Used
		3.1 The Aim of the Research
		3.2 What We Are Searching For: The Research Questions?
		3.3 Methodology of the Research
	4 Research Results
		4.1 What Do the Numbers Say? Statistics Overview
		4.2 What Are the Causes?: Overview of the Conducted Interviews
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Female Offenders: Analysis of Female Criminality in the Republic of Slovenia
	1 Introduction
	2 The Beginnings of Female Criminality
	3 The Social Role and Victimization of Women as a Cause of the Distinction Between Male and Female Criminality
		3.1 The Feminist Perspective of the Criminal Justice System
	4 Is Female Criminality Less Dangerous and Harmful?
		4.1 The Transformation of the Victim into the Perpetrator
	5 Crime Statistics and Sentencing
	6 Court Cases
	7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10: Gender Balance in the Criminal Justice System: Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia
	1 Introduction
	2 Women in the Police and Judicial System of Bosnia and Herzegovina
		2.1 Contextual Framework
		2.2 Women in Policing
		2.3 Women in Judiciary
		2.4 Final Remarks
	3 Gender Balance in the Police and Judicial System of North Macedonia
		3.1 Contextual Framework
		3.2 Gender Equality in the Police
		3.3 Gender Equality in Judiciary
		3.4 Final Remarks
	4 Gender Perception of the Criminal Justice System in the Republic of Serbia
		4.1 Contextual Framework
		4.2 Women in the Police: “Always a Woman, Never a Colleague”
		4.3 Women in the Judiciary: Justice Is a “Woman’s Job” in Serbia
		4.4 Final Remarks
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Index