The Handbook of Energy Policy

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: The Geopolitics of Energy Markets
	1 Harnessing Win-Win Energy Geopolitics and Competitive Global Energy Market by Integrating Energy Efficiency
		Introduction
			Background Scenario Assessment
			Defining the Fields
		Recent Changes in Energy Geopolitics That Are Impacting Global Energy Market and Usage
			Channeling the Power of Geopolitics
			Affordable Energy Supply
			International Cooperation Will Change the Status Quo
			Renewables Will Change the Energy Landscape, Yet Dependencies Remain
			Electricity Cut-Offs as a Geopolitical Weapon
		How Energy Efficiency in Reshaping Energy Geopolitics
			Renewable Energy Targets
			Pollution and Climate Change
			Technological Innovation
			Declining Costs of Renewables
			Corporate and Investor Action
			Public Opinion
		Impact of Energy Efficiency on Energy Markets
			How Energy-Efficient Applications Create New Energy Markets
		Challenges for Smooth Transition to Energy Efficiency for Stabilizing Geopolitics in Energy Market
			Energy Efficiency Policy Changes Alone Is Not Enough
			Lack of Trust and Warmongering Mentality
			Bottlenecks in Critical Materials
			Cybersecurity Vulnerability
			Synergistic Technological Innovation
		Study Findings and Recommendations
			Increasing Green Investment
			Increasing the Magnitude of Energy Efficiency Savings
			Diversifying the Sources of Energy Efficiency Savings
			Valuing Energy Efficiency as Part of Grid
			Regularly Measuring and Ensuring the Persistence of Savings
			Formulating a Single International Standard
			Common Institutional Frameworks at Regional Levels
			Integrating Energy Efficiency Outcomes with Carbon Reduction Frameworks
		Conclusion
		References
	2 The Geopolitics of the EU-Russia Gas Trade: Reviewing Power in International Gas Markets
		Introduction
		The Geopolitics of Energy Trade: A Theoretical Review and Methodological Proposition
		Rethinking the Energy-Power-Trade Nexus
			Power and Trade: Quicksands in the Midst of Politics and Economy
			Energy Security and International Politics: A Polarized Field
			One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Baldwin´s Critique to Realist/Liberal Accounts of Power in IRT
		The Polarization of the Geopolitics of the EU-Russia Gas Trade
			The Realist Case of Power in the Geopolitics of the EU-Russia Gas Trade
			The Liberal Case of Power in the Geopolitics of the EU-Russia Gas Trade
		A Critical Revision of Power in the Geopolitics of the EU-Russia Gas Trade
			The Critical Revision of the Realist Case
			The Critical Revision of the Liberal Case
		Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
		References
Part II: Policies to Achieve Energy Security
	3 Energy Convergence and Regional Energy Security: Policy Implications
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Importance of Energy in Asia
			Energy Security in Asia
			Energy Convergence in Asia
			Conceptual Framework of Energy Convergence and Security in Asia
		Energy Security Analysis in Asia
			Regional Aspect of Energy Security of Asian Countries
			Resource Abundance Role in Energy Security of Asian Countries
			Government Effectiveness Role in Energy Security of Asian Countries
			Income Level Role in Energy Security of Asian Countries
		Discussion
			Green Energy, a Potential Gateway to Energy Security and Convergence in Asia
			Neo-mercantilism Approach to Energy Security and Convergence in Asia
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	4 Energy Security in a Resource-Rich Economy: Case of Iran
		Introduction
		The Concept of Energy Security Varies on Supply and Demand Sides
		About Iran´s Historical Energy Development and Policies
			Ever-Increasing Energy Intensity Index in Iran
			Relying on One Source of Energy to Meet Iran´s Energy Demand
			Failing to Control CO2 and Air Pollutants Emission
		Characteristics of Energy Security in a Resource-Rich Economy
			Socio-environmental Characteristics
				Poverty and Inequity
				Social Movements
				Environmental Concerns and International Obligations
			Econo-political Characteristics
				Energy Price
				Affordability
				Energy As an Economic Driver
				Energy As a Public Good in Resource-Rich Economies
			Technological Characteristics
				Digitalization
				Modern Open Markets
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendation
		Cross-References
		References
	5 Effective Factors and Policies in Electrical Energy Security
		Introduction
		Infrastructure Improvement
			Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Integration
			Grid Expansion Planning (GEP)
			Asset Reinforcement for Natural Threats
		Resource Planning
			Integrated Resource Planning (IRP)
			Energy Hubs (EH)
			Community Microgrids
		Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPS)
			State Estimation (SE) and Attack Detection
			Data Protection
		Grid Maintenance
			Maintenance Scheduling
			Self-healing Power Systems
		Market Management
			Energy Pricing
			Market Corruption
		Geopolitics
			International Policies and Treaties
			Regional Considerations
		Policies and Consequences: A Game to Be Played
			Energy Supply Failure During the Uri Winter Storm in Texas
			Cyberattacks on the US Colonial Natural Gas Pipeline
			Nation-wide Summer Peak Shaving Outages in Iran
			Grid Key Failure in UK-France Power Transmission Substations
			Supply-Demand Imbalance Challenge in China
			Demand Spike in the Central Asian Countries
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendation
		References
Part III: Policies to Alleviate Energy Poverty
	6 Policies to Alleviate Energy Poverty in the Cooking Sector in India
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Energy and Development
			Energy Poverty and Development
			Energy Poverty and Models of Fuel Choice
			Energy Poverty and Determinants of Cooking Fuel Choice by Households
			Energy Poverty and Policy Reforms
		Data and Methodology
		Results and Discussions
			Rural-Urban Pattern in Cooking Fuel Usage
			Clean Cooking Fuel Trends-Observations from NFHS-52019-20 Data
			Bare Necessities Index 2020-2021
			Incentive Mechanism and Support Structure to Eradicate Energy Poverty in India-Role of PMUY
			PMUY Scheme Impact on Energy Poverty
			Regression Results Discussions
			Model Diagnostic Tests
		Policy Implications and Future Scope of the Study
		Conclusion and Recommendation
		Cross-References
		References
	7 Policies to Alleviate Energy Poverty: From Fundamental Concepts to a Practical Framework in the New Era
		Introduction
		Conceptual Map of Energy Poverty
			Definitions and Measurements
			Drivers and Impacts
			Clusters and Literature Trends
		Key Findings on Global Energy Poverty
			Global Distributions of Energy Poverty
			COVID-19 Pandemic and Energy Poverty
		A Policy Framework for Tackling Energy Poverty
			Achieving Omni-Directional Collaborations
				The Cooperation of International Organizations
				Cross-Regional Coordination
			Setting Multiregional Targets
				Developed Versus Developing Countries
				Urban Versus Rural Areas
			Making Multi-Layered Contributions
				Governments
				Companies
				Communities
				Households
			Building Multidimensional Systems
				The Economic Perspective
				The Social Perspective
				The Legislative Perspective
				The Climatic Perspective
				The Technological Perspective
		Outlook on Monitoring Energy Poverty
		Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
		Cross-References
		References
Part IV: Energy Trade and Integration Policies
	8 Role of Electricity Trade in South Asian Energy Security
		Introduction
		Energy Scenario in the South Asia
			India
		Energy Trade and Energy Security in South Asia
			The Rationale for Regional Energy Trade
			SARI/E and SARI/EI Program
			SAARC Energy Ring
			South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)
			Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
		Opportunities and Challenges for Energy Trade in South Asia
			Key Aspects of the Power Sector of South Asia Member Countries
			Power Procurement and Power Tariff
			Power Purchase in Case of Bhutan and India
			Power Purchase in Case of Nepal and India
			Some of the Key Benefits of Regional Power Trade in South Asia
			Some of the Key Opportunities for Energy Cooperation in the Region
			Some of the Key Challenges to Energy Cooperation in the Region
		Power Grids and Their Interconnection in South Asia
			Gradual Transition to Trilateral Cross-Border Power Trade in South Asia
			Future Plan for BIMSTEC Power Grid
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	9 Towards the Sustainable Development Through Energy Transnationalism: Study of Integrated Energy Markets in Asia
		Introduction
		Energy as a Geopolitical and Diplomatic Tool
		Towards the Single Market: Energy Transnationalism: European Story
		Asian Energy Demand Scenario and Cross-Border Energy Trade in the Region
		Comparative Analyses of Institutional Frameworks of Southeast Asia and South Asia
		Energy Connectivity Initiatives in Southeast Asia and South Asia
		SWOT Analyses: Integrated Energy Network in South Asia
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
Part V: Energy Pricing Policies
	10 Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform Policy
		Introduction
		What Is the Impact of Fossil Fuel Subsidies?
			Overuse and Waste of Resources
			Hindering Economic Growth
			Inequality of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
			Increase in Pollution and Carbon Emissions
			Hinders at the Development and Use of Clean Energy Technologies
		What Is the Impact of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform?
			Reforms Could Affect the Economic System
				Impact at the Microeconomic Level
				Impact at the Macroeconomic Level
			Reform Could Affect Social Welfare
				Impact on Residents´ Welfare
				Impact on the Interests of the Poor
				The Impact of Increasing Block Tariffs on Consumer Welfare
			Reform Could Affect Carbon Emissions and Air Pollution
			Reforms Could Stimulate Development of Clean Energy
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
			Specific Reforms in Fossil Fuel Subsidies Need to Be Aligned with Local Conditions
			Consumers Need to Be Compensated for the Loss of Welfare
			Implement Targeted Subsidies for Consumers After the Elimination of Cross-Subsidies
			Subsidy Shift from Conventional Fossil Fuels to Cleaner Energy
			It Is More Effective to End Fossil Fuel Subsidies Gradually Than All at Once
		References
	11 Oil Market Reforms and Pricing Policy Evolution in China
		Introduction
		Macro- and Microeconomic Foundations of Oil and Gas Market Reform in China
			Macroeconomic Theories
			Microeconomic Theories
		Development of China´s Oil and Gas Sector
			The First Stage: Establishment and Initial Development
			The Second Stage: Delegation of Powers and Profit Shifting
			The Third Stage: Marketization and Pricing System Reforms
			The Fourth Stage: Continued Marketization
			The Fifth Stage: Development During the New Normal Era
		Stylized Facts, Challenges, and Options in China´s Oil and Gas Market Reform
			Switching from a Traditional Top-Down Reform to a Market-Led Reform
			Mitigating Oligopolistic Dominance in China´s Oil and Gas Sector
			From Administrative Regulation to Better Corporate Governance
			Immature Price Formation Mechanisms
			Pandemic-Induced Risks
		Policy Evaluation of China´s Oil and Gas Market Reform
			The Efficiency Criterion
			The Equality and Social Welfare Criterion
			The Risk Criterion
			The Sustainability Criterion
		Oil Pricing Mechanism: China´s Crude Oil Futures Market
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
Part VI: Energy Finance: Most Recent Developments and Policies
	12 Rethinking Green Finance in Greenfield Investments: The Moderating Role of Institutional Qualities on Environmental Perform...
		Introduction
		The Asian Context
			Institutional Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, and Environmental Performance Scenario in Asia
		Literature Review
			Greenfield Investment, Merger and Acquisitions (M & A), and Economic Growth Nexus
			Environmental Performance and Economic Growth Nexus
		Data, Model, and Methodology
			Data and Preliminary Data Analysis
			Estimation Approach
				Testing Cross-Sectional Dependence
				Panel Unit Root Tests
				Panel Cointegration Tests
				Estimation of a Long-Term Relationship
				Granger Causality Test: Panel Short-Term and Long-Term Causality Test
		Results and Discussion
			Cross-Sectional Dependence Tests
			Cointegration Tests
			Long-Term Estimation
		Conclusion and Policy Implications
		References
	13 Policies to Attract Private Investment and Finance in Green Energy Projects
		Introduction
		Green Projects: Problems and Challenges
			Insufficiency of Long-Term Financing
			Existence of Various Risks
			The Challenge of the Rate of Return in Sustainable Projects
		Policies to Unlock Green Finance and Investments
			Proportion of NBFIs in Investment
			Establishment of Green Credit Guarantee Schemes to Lower Credit Risk
			Spillover Tax: An Efficient Tool to Raise Return Rate
			Carbon Tax Collection from Polluting Industries and Investment in Green Projects
			De-risking of Sustainable Projects
			Tools to Promote Sustainable Projects
		Example of Green Finance Management
			CGSs Approach to Fixed Capital Provision
			Characteristics of Community-Based Funds
		Concluding Remarks and Policy Implications
		References
	14 Energy Market Financialization and Its Policy Implications
		Introduction
		Stylized Facts in Energy Markets
			Capital Inflows to Energy Markets
			Excess Volatility of Energy Prices and Its Drivers
				The Role of Fundamental Factors
				The Role of Financial Factors
			Comovements Between Oil and Nonenergy Commodity Prices
			Comovements Between Energy and Financial Assets
			Oil Shocks and Stock Market Performance
		Challenges and Opportunities from Energy Financialization
			Predicting Energy Prices
			Energy Risk Management
			Energy Investment
		Conclusion and Policy Implications
		References
Part VII: Energy Policies for Sustainable Development
	15 Challenges in Shaping Sustainable Energy Policy in Greater Mekong Subregion
		Introduction
		Literature Review
		Data
		Dynamic Changes in Energy Cooperation
			Laos-Thailand
			Laos-Vietnam
			Laos-China (Yunnan and Guangxi)
			Laos-Myanmar
			Laos-Cambodia
			Cambodia-Vietnam
			Cambodia-Thailand
			Myanmar-Thailand
			Myanmar-China (Yunnan and Guangxi)
			Thailand-China
			Vietnam-China (Yunnan and Guangxi)
		Energy Sector Development and Challenges
		Energy Mix
			Cambodia
			Laos
			Myanmar
			Thailand
			Vietnam
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		Cross-References
		References
Part VIII: Policies for Sustainable Energy Innovations and Technologies
	16 Technology Diversification in Renewable Mini-Grid Portfolios
		Introduction
		Promoting Renewable Energy Investments: The Role of Mini Grids
			The Policies to Promote Renewable Energy Investments
			The Role and Potential of Mini Grids
		Research Design
			Research Question and Setting
			Methodology
			Optimal Portfolio Computation
		Results
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	17 Leveraging Digitalization for Improving Energy Efficiency
		Introduction
		Literature Review
		Digitalization and Energy System
		Impact of Digitalization on Energy Efficiency
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
Part IX: Renewable Energy Policies and Energy Transition
	18 Determinants of Energy Transition in Asia
		Introduction
		Energy Transition Policies and Road Maps in Asia
		Energy Transition: Main Streams and Literature Gap
		Relationship Between Energy Transition and Macroeconomic Variables: A Theoretical Analysis
		Empirical Discussion
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	19 Solar Module Price Determinants
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Overview of Solar Module Price
			Price Reduction Mechanism
			R&D Expenditure in the Solar Industry
			Relationship Between Oil Prices and Renewable Energy
			Different Channels of Exchange Rate Influencing Solar Module Price
		Empirical Analysis
			Data Analysis
				Unit Root Test
				Cointegration Test
			Regression Results
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		Appendix
			Solar Module Pricing Model
			Knowledge Stock
		References
	20 Toward an Optimized Biofuel Use Pathway for Indonesia Road Transport
		Introduction
		International Experiences in Biofuel Development
			Brazil
			United States
			European Union
			Thailand
		State-of-the-Art Biofuel Development in Indonesia
			Current Production Paths
				CPO-based Biodiesel
				Bioethanol: First Generation
				Bioethanol: Second Generation
				Green Fuels
			Fuel Quality Improvement
			Food Security and the Need for Other Uses of Biofuels
		Scenario Impact Assessments
			Blending Mandate Scenarios
			Biofuel as Alternative Fuel Scenarios
		Six Main Principles of the Biofuel Development Pathway
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		Cross-References
		References
	21 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Nuclear Power Plants: Who Is Liable When AI Fails to Perform
		Introduction
		Social Trust in Nuclear Energy: The Nuclear Debate
		AI in Nuclear Energy
		International Nuclear Liability Regime
		AI and Nuclear Liability
		The Way Forward
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	22 Hydrogen as Energy Storage for Renewables in East Asia: Economic Competitiveness and Policy Implications
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Hydrogen as Storage for Renewable Energy in the Power Sector
			Hydrogen Use in Remote Island Locations
			Hydrogen Produced from Renewable Energy Sources to Supply Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
			Summary of the Literature Review
		Quantitative Methodologies and Results
			Model Concept
			Renewable Energy to Hydrogen: Production, Transport, and Distribution
			Power Sector Applications
			Road Transport Sector Applications
		Case Studies on Hydrogen Energy Industry in China and Japan
			Lessons from China
			Lessons from Japan
		Policies to Support the Development of Hydrogen Energy in the Region
		Conclusions and Policy Implications
		References
Part X: Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs
	23 Energy Efficiency (EE) for Climate Action: Evolution of India´s EE Policies and Way Forward
		Introduction
		Background and History of EE in India
		Institutional Framework
			Ministry of Power (MoP)
			Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
			Other Ministries
		Policy Overview and Specific Program
			Industry
				PAT Cycles and Their Impact
			Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
				BEE: Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Program
				GEF-UNIDO-BEE Program: Promoting Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (RE) in Selected MSME Clusters of India
				GEF-World Bank-BEE Program: Financing Energy Efficiency at MSMEs
				EESL-UNIDO-GEF Program: ``Promoting Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency in Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises´´
			Buildings
				Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
				ECBC Residential (ECO Niwas Samhita) and Residential Labeling Program
				BEE Star Rating: Existing Buildings
				Building Energy Efficiency Program (BEEP)
				Other Rating Systems (LEED, GRIHA, IGBC)
			Standards and Labeling
			Lighting
			Municipality
			Agriculture Demand Side Management (AgDSM)
			Transport Sector
				Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ)
				Accelerating E-Mobility Adoption in India
					Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME) - 1
					Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME) - 2
				Energy Efficiency in the Railway Sector
		Cumulative Results and Impact
		Barriers and Challenges
			Energy Efficiency Financing
			Lack of Awareness Among Financial Institutions
			Institutional Capacity at the State Level
			Monitoring, Verification, and Enforcement
			Lack of Awareness Among End-Users
			Lack of Technical Capacity
			ESCO Business Model
		Way Forward: Conclusion and Recommendations
			Recommendations
		Glossary
		References
	24 Energy Efficiency and Electricity Reforms: A Way Forward for Clean Power Development
		Introduction
		Literature Review
		Energy Efficiency Index Approach
		Results and Discussion
			Electricity Reforms and Energy Efficiency
			Electricity Reforms
				Conservation Opportunities
			Technical and Economic Feasibility for Maximizing System Efficiency
			Improving Energy Efficiency and the Electricity Reform Process
			Scenario-Based Electricity Reform
				Scenario (A)
				Scenario (B)
				Scenario (C)
				Scenario (D)
		Conclusion and Policy Implication
		References
Part XI: Energy Nexus Studies
	25 Volatility Linkages Between Energy and Food Prices
		Introduction
		Consumption of Energy and Agricultural Output
			Characteristics of Agricultural Economy in Asia
			Characteristics of Food Security in Asia
			Energy Supply and Demand in Asia
			Volatility of Energy Prices Versus Agricultural Commodity Prices
		Energy and Food Price: Theoretical Discussion
		Energy and Food Price: Econometric Discussion
		Discussion
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
			Concluding Remarks
			Practical Policies
			Further Recommendations
		References
	26 Energy-Pollution-Health-Economy Nexus Study in Southeast Asia
		Introduction
		Air Pollution, Human Health, and the Economy
			Lung Cancer Status in ASEAN
			The Economic Burdens of Lung Cancer
		Empirical Analysis
			Data Analysis
			Empirical Analysis
				Health Analysis
				Economic Analysis
			Robustness Checking
		Conclusions and Policy Recommendation
			Conclusions
			Policy Recommendation
			Future Directions
		References
	27 Intermarket Risk Transmission Across Energy, Carbon, and Commodities
		Introduction
		Risk Transmission Across Top Energy Firms
			The Importance of Studying Firm-Level Risk Spillovers in the Energy System
			Measuring Extreme Risk Spillovers Across Energy Firms
			Identifying Systemically Important Regions, Industries, and Energy Firms
			Driving Factors of Extreme Risk Spillovers Across Energy Firms
		Risk Transmission Across Commodity Futures Prices
			Stylized Facts of the Global Commodity Markets
			Constructing Risk Dependency Networks Across Commodity Markets
			Identifying Systemically Important Commodities
			Building a Centrality Network of Commodity Futures Prices
		Identifying Drivers of Commodity Price Co-movement
			Measuring Commodity Return Co-movement by the MST
			MST and Central Nodes
			The Role of Idiosyncratic Information
			Fundamental and Non-fundamental Drivers of Commodity Return Co-movement
		Conclusion and Policy recommendations
		References
Part XII: Electricity Market Policy
	28 Wholesale Electricity Price, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Output in Australia: The Role of Carbon Pricing
		Introduction
		Price Formation in the National Electricity Market (NEM) in Australia
		Empirical Model, Data, and Methodology
		Model Specification
		Data Description
		Scenario Design
		Econometric Methodology
			ARDL (Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag) Model
			Granger Causality Test
		Empirical Result Analysis
			Unit Root Test
			Co-Integration Test
		ARDL Estimation: Long-Run and Short-Run
		Model Diagnostic Test Results
		Results from the VECM Granger Causality Test
		Impulse Response Functions and Variance Decompositions Analyses
		Conclusions and Policy Implications
		References
	29 An Empirical Analysis of Reform and Efficiency in China´s Electricity Sector
		Introduction
		Institutional Background
			History of Electricity Market Reforms
				The First Phase (1949-1984)
				The Second Phase (1985-2014)
				The Third Phase (2015 -Now)
			Evolution of Chinese Electricity Pricing Mechanism
				Thermal Power
				Hydropower
				Wind Power
				Photovoltaic Power (PV)
			Background Summary
		Efficiency Trends in Chinese Thermal Power
			Efficiency Indicators of Thermal Power Plants
			Data
			Efficiency of Thermal Power
		Electricity Market Reforms and Thermal Power Plant Efficiency in China
			Empirical Model
			The 2002 Reform and Thermal Power Plant Efficiency
			Direct Trading Policy and Thermal Power Plant Efficiency
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	30 Identifying and Prioritizing the Indicators of the Optimal Districting in Electricity Distribution Companies
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Electricity Distribution Companies: A State of the Art
			Districting Problems in the Service Sector
		Methodology
			Content Validity Ratio (CVR)
			Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
			Best-Worst Method (BWM)
			Analytic Network Process (ANP)
			Proposed Method: Integration of the Techniques
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
Part XIII: Economics and Policy of Fossil Fuels
	31 The Vulnerability to Oil Price Shocks of the Bangladesh Economy
		Introduction
		Main Methodologies Used in the Economic Literature on Oil Price Shocks
			Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Methods
			Econometric Methods
				Vector Autoregression (VAR) Models
				Causality Analysis
				Estimation Techniques
		Review of DSGE Models and Oil Price Shocks in Bangladesh
			A Prototype Energy-Augmented DSGE Model for Bangladesh
				The Production Sector
				The Energy Sector
				The Household
				The Government
				Model Shocks
				Equilibrium Condition
				Model Calibration
				Results and Discussions on Oil Price Shocks Analysis (For More Details, See Amin, 2015)
			Model Extensions
		Review of Econometric Studies on Oil Price Shocks in Bangladesh
			Econometric Studies of Oil Price Shocks and Interest Rates
			Econometric Studies of Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rates
			Econometric Studies of Oil Price Shocks and Inflation
			Econometric Studies of Oil Price Shocks and Stock Market
			Econometric Studies of Oil Price Shocks and GDP
		Conclusion
		References
	32 Policy Dilemmas and Solutions to the Successful Energy Transition
		Introduction
		Energy Transition, Crisis, and Policy Dilemmas
			Economic Incentives and Resource Misallocation
			Restructuring the Current Energy System
			Investment and Financing
			Technological Progress and Green Innovation
			Energy Transition and Social Justice
		Options
			Enhance Collaboration and Discussion
			Improve Governance
			Incentivize Participation by the Private Sector
			Aim for a Just and Inclusive Transition Path
			Establish a Managed Market Mechanism
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	33 Transmission of Oil Price Fluctuations Through Trade Linkages
		Introduction
		Literature on Oil Price Shock and Trade Relationship
		Empirical Discussion
		Discussion
		Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
			Concluding Remarks
			Policy Implications and Recommendation to Future Research
		Cross-References
		References
Index