The Great War and the Anthropocene: Empire and Environment, Soldiers and Civilians on the Eastern Front

Front Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyrights Informations
Contents
Figures and Tables
	Figures
	Tables
Notes on Contributors
Introduction: Embattled Nature: Soldiers, Civilians, and Landscapes
	1 Situating the Volume in the Field of Environmental History
	2 Embattled Landscapes: Environmental and Spatial Lenses on Modern Military History
	3 Structure of the Volume
	4 Conclusion
Part 1: Environment as the Battlefield
1 Contested Landscapes, Manifold Spaces: Analysing the Warscapes of the First World War
	1 The Warscapes Model: Re-Reading the Spatiality of the First World War
	2 First World War Landscapes
	3 Conclusion: Warscapes in the Era of the Anthropocene
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Literature
2 Logistics and Transformation of the Landscape for Mountain Warfare: the Plateaus
	1 The Trentino Region in the New Strategic Situation after 1866
	2 The Fortress Region
	3 Military and Civilians
3 Destruction of Nature through Warfare in (Austrian) Galicia during the First World War
4 Oil as a Resource and Element of Defence: the Cases of Galicia in 1915 and Romania in 1916
	1 Introduction
	2 Exploitation of Eastern European Oilfields before and during the First World War
	3 Adoption of the “Scorched Earth” Tactic in 1915 in Galicia
	4 The Entente and the Destruction of Oil Stocks in Romania
	5 Outcomes of the Oil Destruction Missions
Part 2: Environment and Public Health
5 Animal Fighters, Animal Victims: the Animal Dimension
	1 Animal History or Animate History: Discussions about Animals in History
	2 Animals in Military Spaces: the Epidemiological Threat
	3 Horses on the Austro-Russian Front: Loss and Change of Stock under the Conditions of Military Operations
	4 “Love of Animals” as a Prerequisite for Military Efficiency: Dogs on the Eastern Front
	5 Humans and Animals in the Face of War: Verbal and Visual Reflections
	6 Conclusion
6 “Dangerous Experiment” vs. “Great Blessing”: Vaccination and Healthcare
	1 Introduction
	2 Disagreement on Health Care
	3 Cholera and Cholera Vaccination: A Polarizing Issue
	4 Internal Military Power Struggles and Medical Support
	5 Vaccination as the Very Last Resort
	6 Civilian Health: Something “Completely Different”
	7 The Turn
	8 Assessments from Today’s Perspective
	9 Conclusion
7 Macedonia as a Challenge to the Medical and Humanitarian Efforts of the Allied Armies
	1 A “Guerre d’Orient” in Macedonia
	2 Allied Sanitary Effort as a Tool of Influence
	3 Controlling Evacuation, If Not Ensuring it
	4 Conclusions: a Disruptive Environment
Part 3: Belligerent Landscapes from the Victims’ Perspective
8 City, Forts, and the San River—Przemyśl, 1914–15: Militarization
	1 The Environment in the Event of War
	2 Przemyśl in Austro-Hungarian War Planning
	3 In the Middle of Enemy Territory
	4 Actors and Sources
		4.1 The Landscape
		4.2 The Austro-Hungarian Army
		4.3 The People and their Memoirs
	5 Militarization of the Landscape
	6 The First Siege
	7 The Second Siege
	8 Conclusion
		Primary Sources
			Archive Materials
			Published Sources
		Secondary Literature
9 Landscapes of the Eastern Front of the First World War in Narratives
	1 The Statistical Dimension of the Refugee Question on the Eastern Front
	2 Ethnic Characteristics of Refugees
	3 Refugees in the War Landscapes on the Eastern Front
	4 The Trials and Practices of Survival on the Road
	5 Destruction and Refugees
	6 Death and Burial around Refugees
	7 Evacuation Survival Practices
	8 Conclusion
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Literature
10 Galician Landscapes through the Camera Lens: Visualizing Combat Spaces of the First World War
	1 Practices of Natural Landscape Photography During the First World War: Historiographical Debates and Methodological Approaches
	2 The Wartime Visual Travelogue: Galician Landscapes through the Photographic Lens
	3 Visualizing the Trauma of Military Defeat
	4 Industrial War through the Camera Lens: a Record of Destroyed Spaces
	5 Conclusion
		Primary Sources (Photographic Material From the Archives):
		Secondary Literature:
Part 4: Imperial Debris: Demilitarization of Landscapes in the Era of Imperial Collapse
11 Toxic Heritage of the War: Demilitarization of Eastern Front Landscapes
	1 Introduction
	2 Battlefield Sanitation
	3 The Effects of Gas Attacks on Fields and Forests
	4 Demobilization of Animals
	5 Conclusion
12 Conceptualizing the Post-Battle Landscape: the First World War
	1 Introduction
	2 Transforming the Battlefield in Western Galicia: between Military Pragmatism and Imperial Enterprise
	3 Creating a Commemorative Landscape for Fallen Soldiers
	4 A Grand Monument to the Gorlice Victory
	5 Conclusion: the Monument and Soldier’s Grave as a New Element of the Cultural Landscape
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Literature
13 First World War Memorialization in Ukrainian Lands (Late 1910s to 1930s)
	1 Perpetuating the Memory of Fallen Soldiers during the War
	2 Institutionalization of Memory in the Inter-War Period
		2.1 The Ukrainian State and the Soviet Union
		2.2 The First Czechoslovak Republic
		2.3 The Kingdom of Romania
		2.4 The Second Polish Republic
	3 Conclusion
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Literature
14 Conflict Landscapes at the Edge of Empire: Archaeology and Environment
	1 A Traditional Routeway
	2 The Great Arab Revolt Project (GARP) 2006–2014
	3 Environment and the Revolt
		3.1 Water
		3.2 Trees and Wood
		3.3 Health
	4 Conclusion
Index
Back Cover