The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870-1960 (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 16
I......Page 17
II......Page 19
III......Page 22
1 “The legal conscience of the civilized world ”......Page 27
A manifesto......Page 28
An old-fashioned tradition......Page 35
A transitional critic: Kaltenborn von Stachau......Page 40
An amateur science......Page 44
A time of danger......Page 51
A meeting in Ghent, 1873......Page 55
A romantic profession: Bluntschli......Page 58
A social conception of law......Page 63
Method: enlightened inwardness......Page 67
Towards a culture of human rights: Fiore......Page 70
Advancing the liberal project......Page 73
Limits of liberalism......Page 83
Cultural consciousness......Page 86
Culture as character......Page 92
The elusive sensibility......Page 104
2 Sovereignty: a gift of civilization – international lawyers and imperialism, 1870–1914......Page 114
Ambivalent attitudes......Page 115
Informal empire 1815–1870: hic sunt leones......Page 126
The lawyers 1815–1870......Page 128
The demise of informal empire in Africa......Page 132
The Berlin Conference 1884–1885......Page 137
The myth of civilization: a logic of exclusion–inclusion......Page 143
Looking for a standard......Page 148
Between universality and relativism: colonial treaties......Page 152
The myth of sovereignty: a beneficent empire......Page 159
The limits of sovereignty: civilization betrayed......Page 165
Occupation is nothing – Fashoda......Page 168
Sovereignty as terror – the Congo......Page 171
From sovereignty to internationalization......Page 182
3 International law as philosophy: Germany 1871–1933......Page 195
1871: law as the science of the legal form......Page 198
From form to substance: the doctrine of the rational will......Page 204
Between the dangerous and the illusory State......Page 210
Rechtsstaat – domestic and international: Georg Jellinek......Page 214
Rationalism and politics: a dificulty......Page 222
Drawing lines in the profession......Page 225
Public law and the Hague Treaties......Page 226
A pacifist profession? Kohler, Schücking, and the First World War......Page 229
The internationalists: between sociology and formalism......Page 238
1914......Page 244
Getting organized......Page 247
Beyond Versailles: the end of German internationalism......Page 252
Ways of escape – I: Hans Kelsen and liberalism as science......Page 254
Ways of escape – II: Erich Kaufmann and the conservative reaction......Page 265
Break: the end of philosophy......Page 277
4 International law as sociology: French “solidarism” 1871–1950......Page 282
Internationalism as nationalism: the idea of France......Page 286
From civilists to functionalists 1874–1918: Renault to Pillet......Page 290
Solidarity at the Hague: Léon Bourgeois......Page 300
The theory of solidarism......Page 304
The war of 1914–1918 and solidarism......Page 307
Scientific solidarism: Durkheim and Duguit......Page 313
International solidarity ...almost: Alvarez and Politis......Page 318
Meanwhile in Paris .........Page 325
L’affaire Scelle......Page 332
Solidarity with tradition: Louis Le Fur......Page 333
The solidarity of fact: Georges Scelle......Page 343
 Which solidarity? Whose tradition? The Spanish Civil War......Page 354
The European Union......Page 358
The twilight of the idea of France: between politics and pragmatism......Page 364
Tradition in modernity......Page 369
A complete system......Page 377
Between Zionism and assimilation......Page 385
A political commitment......Page 392
Nuremberg and human rights......Page 404
The birth of pragmatism......Page 415
A Grotian tradition?......Page 422
Coda......Page 427
6 Out of Europe: Carl Schmitt, Hans Morgenthau, and the turn to “international relations”......Page 429
A 1950 retrospective......Page 431
Vision of a new order......Page 434
The ambivalences of a Katechon (restrainer)......Page 438
A discipline transforms itself: Schmitt on Scelle and Lauterpacht......Page 440
Against liberal neutralizations and depoliticizations......Page 442
“Whoever invokes humanity wants to cheat”......Page 448
Schmitt and Morgenthau: the primacy of the political......Page 452
Another retrospective......Page 453
International law and politics: an asymmetrical relationship......Page 456
The formation of a German thinker: between law and desire......Page 461
The guardian of international law: sanctions......Page 471
Schmitt and Morgenthau: the pedigree of anti-formalism......Page 475
From international law to international relations......Page 481
The heritage of realism in American international law......Page 490
Empire’s law......Page 496
A culture of formalism?......Page 510
Epilogue......Page 526
Bibliography......Page 534
Index......Page 575