The Future of Think Tanks and Policy Advice Around the World

Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction and Background
	The History of Think Tanks
	Types of Think Tanks
	The Global Issues Think Tanks Face
		Incorporating Disruptive Technology
		Funding
	References
Africa Region
The Future of Think Tanks in Africa
	The Role of Think Tanks in Africa
	Operating Space
	Why Do Governments and Multilateral Institutions Need Think Tanks?
	The Future of Think Tanks in Africa
The Future of African Think Tanks
	Factors Influencing Hiring Policies of Think Tanks
	Evolution of Funding for Think Tanks in Africa
The Future of Think Tanks and Policy Advice: An African Perspective
	Think Tanks in a Changing Operational Environment: Planning for the Future in Africa
	Key Strategic Challenges Facing African Think Tanks
	References
Bringing Think Tanks into the Digital Era
	The Role for “Big Data”
	An Evolving Model?
	References
Think Tanks in the Context of Africa’s Development
	Changing Competition and Technology in the Public Policymaking Arena
	The Changing Structure of Think Tanks
	Collaboration for Greater Impact
	The Need to Remain Independent and Relevant
	Conclusion
	References
Europe Region
Artificial Intelligence: An Opportunity and a Challenge for Think Tanks
	On the Importance of a Policy-Oriented and Trustworthy Research Program
	On AI in Think Tanks
	Conclusions
	References
Connecting Politics and Society: A Way Forward for Think Tanks
Think Tanks for Future—A Think Piece
	The World Is Facing Fundamental Challenges
	The Crisis
	The Environment–Climate–Health Nexus
	Lack of Adequate Policy Solutions
	Think Tanks for Future—Review the Ways You Have Done Business so Far
	Some Things to Retain…
	… Some Things to Change
	Listen to the Young
	Think Tanks for Future Help to Improve Knowledge and Research Systems
	References
The Future of Think Tanks in the Western Balkans: The Old, the New, and the Upcoming
	The Challenging Environment for the Growth of Domestic Think Tanks in the Western Balkans
		The Low Local Demand for Policy Advice
	Unstable Funding Opportunities Hindering Long-Term Development
	Development Assistance Implementing Agents as Occupants of the Think Tanks’ Role
	Turning Challenges into Strategies
	Partnerships Supporting Holistic Solutions to Policy Problems
	Toward Long-Term Financial Sustainability
	Reference
The Future of Think Tanks and the Crisis of Democracy
	Think Tanks and the Crisis of Democracy
	The War Against Expertise
	How Should We Respond? Think and Do Tanks
	References
Data Is a Powerful Assistant but the Think Tanker Is Still in Charge
Think Tanks, Covid-19, and Internationalism
Widening and Deepening: Partnership and Multidisciplinarity in Challenging Times
	Current Challenges Facing Think Tanks
	Think Tanks and Today’s World: Which Ways Forward?
Tackling Global Challenges in an Era of Disruption and Contradiction—The Changing Role of Think Tanks
	Introduction
	The Role of Think Tanks
	Conclusions
	Reference
Scientific Approach, Objective Analysis, and National Interests of Russia: IMEMO Traditions are Always In Demand, Always Valued.
The Future of Think Tanks Around the World
	New Challenges for Think Tanks
	The Strengths and Weaknesses of Think Tanks
	Values and Guidelines
Caught in the Firing Line—How Think Tanks Stay Relevant in Times of Global Transition and Turmoil
Think Tanks Today and Tomorrow: A View from Ukraine
Middle East and North Africa Region
To Survive, Think Tanks Must Be Part of the Change
	Challenges Think Tanks Face Today
	Required Changes in a Changing Environment
The Credibility-Funding Nexus and Its Impact on Research Quality in Middle East Think Tanks
How to Reduce the Gap Between Think Tanks and Policymakers—The Experience of the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES)
Evolving with the Marketplace of Ideas: How Think Tanks Can Thrive in the Era of Twitter
	Background
	Think Tanks in a Changing Environment
	Reference
Think Tanks Have Stories to Tell…
Central and South America Region
Think Tanks Toward the Future: Challenges and Opportunities
	References
The Digital Transformation in Think Tanks: Moving Forward in the Use of Technology
The Future of Think Tanks: A Brazilian Perspective
North America Region
Fit for the Future: Enhancing the Capacity Think Tanks
	References
The Future of Think Tanks: Competing in the Digital Era
Grab Your Sunglasses—The Future of Thinks Tanks is as Bright as Ever
	Asia Region
Asia Region
The Future of Japanese Think Tanks: Policy Involvement and Regional Cooperation
Prospects and Possibilities for Think Tanks: A View from China’s Non-Governmental Think Tank Sector
	The Rise of “Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics”
	The Way Forward: Challenges for Chinese Think Tanks
		Fast-Paced, Competitive Communications Environment
		Funding
		Changing Global Context
	Carving Out a Niche: Opportunities for Chinese Think Tanks
	Domestic Policy and Reform
		Promoting Administrative Reform
		A Platform for Diverse Interests
	Diversification and Innovation in Operational Models
	Track II Diplomacy
	Promoting Innovation in Global Governance
	Outlook: Adapting to a Changing Landscape
	Reference
China’s Think Tanks in the New Era: Mission, Responsibility, and Direction of Development
Reorganize, Renew, Reformat: The Future Think Tanks
New Trends of University-Affiliated Think Tanks in China: A Brief Overview
	Overview of Think Tank Development in China
	Development of China’s University-Affiliated Think Tanks: Opportunities and Challenges
		Globalization and Information: Response and Innovation
		Translating Affiliation with University into Competitiveness
	Conclusion
KIEP’s Strategic Response to Challenges in Policy Research
	Surmounting Challenges and KIEP
	Uncertainty and Unprecedented Challenges in Policy Research
	KIEP’s Strategic Response
Think Tanks in an Emerging India: A Struggle for Relevance?
	Platform Nations
	A New Information Environment
	Reimagining Finance
	Communities and Collaboration
	Conclusion: In Defense of Expertise
The Future of Think Tanks and Policy Advice: Lessons from South Korea’s Combating COVID-19
Navigating the Future: Roles for Think Tanks and Policy Advice in Southeast Asia
	Introduction: Context and Changes
	Rising Above the Sino-American Conflict and Partisan Populist Politics
	Innovating Against Increased Competition for “Noise” and Funding
	Using Media and Technology, or Being Used
	What Changes and What Remains?
How Think Tanks Need to Change
Managing Opportunities in Joining the Global Think Tank Community
	Analytical Centers as Subjects of the Political Process
	Academy on the Way to Be a Think Tank
	State and Prospects of Analytics Development in Kazakhstan
Conclusions
Are Think Tanks Fit for an Uncertain Future?
	New Business Models for Think Tanks
	A New Operational Context
	Management
	Strategic Communication
	Innovative Funding Strategies
	Big Data Analytics
	Conclusion
	References
Correction to: Connecting Politics and Society: A Way Forward for Think Tanks
	Correction to:  Connecting Politics and Society: A Way Forward for Think Tanks in: J. McGann, The Future of Think Tanks and Policy Advice Around the World, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60379-38
Appendix
Author Biographies
Bibliography