The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Notes on Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1 The Federalist Ferment
	2 What Is Federalism
	3 Structural Varieties and Procedural Fundaments
	4 Federalizing or Decentralizing Centralized Systems
	5 Federalism Versus Decentralization
	6 Challenges to the Future of Federalism
Chapter 2: Argentina (Argentine Republic)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Argentina (Fig. 2.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 3: Australia (Commonwealth of Australia)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Australia (Fig. 3.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 4: Austria (Federal Republic of Austria)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Austria (Fig. 4.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 5: Belgium (Kingdom of Belgium)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Belgium (Fig. 5.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 6: Bosnia and Herzegovina
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Bosnia-Herzegovina (Fig. 6.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 7: Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Brazil
	Bibliography
Chapter 8: Canada
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Canada (Fig. 8.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 9: Comoros (Union of the Comoros)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Comoros
	Bibliography
Chapter 10: Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Cyprus
	Bibliography
Chapter 11: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Ethiopia
	Bibliography
Chapter 12: European Union
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 European Union
	Bibliography
Chapter 13: Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Germany (Fig. 13.1)
	Bibliography
		Online Sources
Chapter 14: India (Republic of India)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 India
	Bibliography
Chapter 15: Malaysia (The Federation of Malaysia)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Malaysia
	Bibliography
Chapter 16: Mexico (Mexican United States)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Mexico (Fig. 16.1)
	Bibliography
		Official Documents
Chapter 17: Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Micronesia (Fig. 17.1)
	Bibliography
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Sources
Chapter 18: Nepal (Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Nepal
	Bibliography
Chapter 19: Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Nigeria
	Bibliography
Chapter 20: Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Pakistan
	Bibliography
Chapter 21: Russia (Russian Federation)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Russia
	Bibliography
Chapter 22: St. Kitts and Nevis (Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 St. Kitts and Nevis
	Bibliography
Chapter 23: South Africa (Republic of South Africa)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 South Africa
	Bibliography
Chapter 24: Spain (Kingdom of Spain)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Spain (Fig. 24.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 25: Switzerland (Swiss Confederation)
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 Switzerland (Fig. 25.2)
	Bibliography
Chapter 26: United Arab Emirates
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	4 United Arab Emirates (Fig. 26.1)
	Bibliography
Chapter 27: United States of America
	1 History and Development of Federalism
	2 Constitutional Provisions Relating to Federalism
	3 Recent Political Dynamics
	Bibliography
Chapter 28: Federal Constitution-Making Processes and the Stable Cessation of Conflict
	1 Introduction
	2 Process
		Yemen
		Somalia
	3 Referendas
	4 Intra-state Boundaries
	5 Conclusion
	Bibliography