The Formation of Papal Authority in Late Antique Italy: Roman Bishops and the Domestic Sphere

THE FORMATION OF PAPAL AUTHORITY IN LATE ANTIQUE ITALY......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
For Chris......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 10
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 12
ROMAN BISHOPS FROM PETER TO GREGORY I......Page 16
INTRODUCTION: HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT AND THE BISHOP OF ROME......Page 18
OIKONOMIA: AN ANCIENT DISCOURSE OF ELITE MASCULINE AUTHORITY......Page 21
THE FOUR PRINCIPAL DOMAINS OF ANCIENT HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT......Page 26
OIKONOMIA AND GENDER......Page 30
HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT AND THE BISHOP OF ROME: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES......Page 31
WHY THE HOUSEHOLD? TOWARD A DOMESTIC MODEL OF EPISCOPAL AUTHORITY......Page 37
THE ROMAN CHURCH AND ITALY IN LATE ANTIQUITY......Page 42
SOURCES AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK......Page 47
CHAPTER 1 THE LATE ROMAN HOUSEHOLD IN ITALY......Page 52
PRIVATE WEALTH AND LAND MANAGEMENT......Page 54
THE HOUSEHOLD COMMUNITY: THE PATERFAMILIAS AND HIS DEPENDENTS......Page 62
The Wider Domestic Community: High-Status Tenants, coloni, and Slaves......Page 63
The Householders Intermediaries: Stewards and Domestic Agents......Page 64
Late Roman Domestic Authority: More Coercive or Progressively Limited?......Page 68
RELIGION IN THE ELITE LATE ROMAN HOUSEHOLD......Page 71
CONCLUSION......Page 78
CHAPTER 2 FROM DOMINION TO DISPENSATIO: STEWARDSHIP AS AN ELITE IDEAL......Page 80
STEWARDSHIP IN ANCIENT HOUSEHOLDS AND THE BIBLE......Page 82
THE RECEPTION AND REMAKING OF STEWARDSHIP IN LATE ROMAN CHRISTIAN THOUGHT......Page 84
DELIMITING THE HOUSEHOLDER'S AUTHORITY: STEWARDSHIP AS SUBORDINATION......Page 86
Traditional Expectations of the Householder's Ethical and Religious Oversight......Page 89
Stewardship as Intensive Religious and Ethical Oversight......Page 91
THE CHALLENGES OF STEWARDSHIP IN AN OWNERSHIP SOCIETY......Page 100
CONCLUSION......Page 102
CHAPTER 3 PRIMUS CULTOR: EPISCOPAL HOUSEHOLDING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE......Page 104
Hippolytus on Callistus as the Inept Steward of the Church......Page 105
Post-Constantinian Developments: The Bishop of Rome as God's Chief Householder-Steward......Page 107
Bishops as “Ascetic Householders”......Page 108
“Rendering Accounts” for Earthly Members of the Domus Dei......Page 110
Primus Cultor: The Paradoxical Authority of the Episcopal Householder-Steward......Page 111
The Bishop as Trustful Steward of Material Possessions......Page 113
THE EPISCOPAL HOUSEHOLD AT ROME: RESIDENCES, MEMBERS, AND PRACTICES......Page 115
The Bishop's Residences and Administrative Headquarters......Page 116
Membership: Who Composed the Bishop's Household?......Page 118
THE EPISCOPAL HOUSEHOLD IN ACTION: THE CONVENTUS AND THE PATRIMONIA......Page 126
The Bishop's conventus: A Quasi-Domestic Domain of Church Administration......Page 127
The Church as a Property Owner and the Bishop as Administrator: Legal Developments......Page 130
Rome's Patrimonies: Domestic Administration in Action......Page 133
CONCLUSION......Page 141
CHAPTER 4 OVERSEEING THE OVERSEER: BISHOPS AND LAY HOUSEHOLDS......Page 144
THE PROBLEMS AND PERILS OF MARRIAGE......Page 145
Nuptial Blessings and the Veiling of Brides11......Page 147
Ursa's Return: Captivity and Remarriage56......Page 156
Captivity, Return, and (Re)Marriage in Roman Law: The Ius Postliminii......Page 157
Correlating Roman Law and Christian Ideal in a Time of War......Page 158
Innocent to Probus on the Overlapping Domains of Christian Ethics and Roman Law......Page 159
Toward an Episcopal Oikonomia: Leo on Captivity and the “Recovery” of Marriage......Page 162
THE TREATMENT OF SLAVES WITHIN THE CHRISTIAN HOME......Page 164
Areas of Confusion and Contestation: Slavery as Metaphor, and the Christian Slave......Page 165
Giving up Brutality for Lent: Bishops and the Master–Slave Relationship......Page 167
Sex, Slaves, and Marriage......Page 170
Fleeing to the House of God: A New Problem for Christian Slave Owners......Page 172
A PROBLEM OF PROPERTY: ESTATE CHURCHES AND THEIR OVERSIGHT......Page 178
A New Regulatory Culture for Domestic Piety......Page 180
Defining the Villa Church: Roman Bishops and Their Responses to Householders......Page 183
CONCLUSION......Page 189
CHAPTER 5 CULTIVATING THE CLERICAL HOUSEHOLD: MARRIAGE, PROPERTY, AND INHERITANCE......Page 191
MARRIAGE AND THE CLERICAL HOUSEHOLD......Page 194
Embedding the Clerical Household within the Bishop's Church: Marriage and the cursus......Page 196
Living the Laws of Restricted Marriage: Bishops and Clerical Households in Practice......Page 199
THE PROBLEM OF PROPERTY: SEPARATING THE EARTHLY HOUSEHOLD FROM THE DOMUS DEI......Page 207
The Separation of Property in Civil and Ecclesiastical Law......Page 209
Roman Episcopal Responses: Ad-hoc Solutions and Claims to Expertise......Page 213
INHERITING THE DOMUS DEI: DYNASTIC PRINCIPLES AND EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION......Page 216
CONCLUSION......Page 223
CHAPTER 6 MISTRUSTING THE BISHOP: SUCCESSION, STEWARDSHIP, AND SEX IN THE LAURENTIAN SCHISM......Page 225
MISTRUSTING THE BISHOP: A LATE ANTIQUE TRADITION AT ROME......Page 226
THE LAURENTIAN SCHISM (498–506/7): CHARGES, COUNCILS, AND COMMUNITIES......Page 229
The Events of the Laurentian Schism: A Brief Synopsis27......Page 230
Social Alliances and the Public Relations Battle......Page 233
EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION: A DYNASTIC MODEL FOR SIXTH-CENTURY ROME?......Page 236
The Scriptura of 483 and the Council of November 6, 501......Page 239
STEWARDSHIP IN CRISIS: SYMMACHUS, ALIENATION, AND THE TITULI......Page 242
The Ethics of Alienation: When Can You Trust the Bishop?......Page 243
Competing for Trust: Symmachus, the Priests, and the Administration of the Tituli......Page 247
Changing Hearts and Minds: Bishops as Good Stewards in the Symmachan Forgeries......Page 252
DISCIPLINARY FAILURES: SEXUAL MISCONDUCT IN THE LAURENTIAN SCHISM......Page 256
Controlling the Body, Managing the Household, and Administering the Church......Page 257
CONCLUSION......Page 262
CHAPTER 7 THE HOUSEHOLD AND THE BISHOP: AUTHORITY, COOPERATION, AND COMPETITION IN THE GESTA MARTYRUM......Page 264
LOCATING THE GESTA MARTYRUM: DATING, AUTHORSHIP, AND AUDIENCE......Page 265
Negotiating Conversion: Exchange and Reciprocity Between Householders and Bishops......Page 269
Transforming the Householder and Preserving the domus......Page 272
Asymmetries of Authority in the Household: Baptism and the Bishop as Ritual Expert......Page 277
No Bishops in the Bedroom!......Page 280
The Bishop's Domestic Competitors: Priests, Deacons, and Holy Men......Page 284
CONCLUSION......Page 288
CONCLUSION......Page 291
STEWARDSHIP: A MODEL OF PASTORAL LEADERSHIP IN A WORLD OF TENSION......Page 296
PRIMARY SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 300
SECONDARY SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 304
INDEX......Page 330