The First World War as a Caesura? Demographic Concepts, Population Policy, and Genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg Spheres

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Christin Pschichholz: The First World War as a Caesura?
Ronald Grigor Suny: Imperial Choices: Perceiving Threats and the Descent to Genocide
	The Great War and the Clash of Empires
	World War I and Ethnicity
	The Armenian Genocide
Mark Levene: Deadly Geopolitics, Ethnic Mobilisations, and the Vulnerability of Peoples, 1914–18
	The Great War and ˋNational' Peoples
	Blaming the Jews: A Special Case
	Perfidious Albion?
	National Actors: Vision and Hubris
	ˋMinorities': The Fateful Legacy of the Great War
Arno Barth: The Securitization of Minorities as a Bedrock of Population Policy
	Psychological Approach (Affect Heuristics)
	Political Science Approach (Securitization)
	Securitization of Minorities during World War One
		Siegfried Lichtenstaedter (Central Powers)
		Buxton Brothers (Entente)
		Georges Montandon (Neutral Countries)
	Summary
	Outlook
Hans-Lukas Kieser: Empire Overstretched Nation-state Enforced: The Young Turks Inaugurated the Europe of Extremes
	Introduction: The Threshold of 1913
	Late Ottoman Background
	Reforms and Social Revolution Versus Reactionary Violence and Restored Empire
	Ideological Radicalisation and Large-scale Demographic Engineering
	Genocide
	Removal of Muslims and Jews
	Conclusion: The Lausanne Treaty Endorsed Extremes and Abandoned Minorities
Oktay Özel: The Role of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa (Special Organization) in the Armenian Genocide
	CUP, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa and the War
	Tehcir and the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa
	An Attempt at Reconstruction – The Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (re-activated on 3 August 1914)
	Dr Sakir as the Mastermind of Annihilation
	Armenians Perceived as ˋFifth Column'
	Decision for Tehcir and Destruction (March 1915)
	From Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa to Umur-ı Şarkiye Dairesi (5 April 1915)
	“New SO” as a Criminal Organization
	The CUP, the Government and the Harbiye: Institutional Responsibility
	“SO Çetes” or Militia Bands
	Official and Civilian Involvement and Complicity
	In Lieu of Conclusion
Hilmar Kaiser: Zor District During the Initial Monthsof the Armenian Genocide
	Rasulain
	Conclusion
Hannes Leidinger: Systematization of Hatred
	General Developments and the Dual Monarchy
	The Mentality of the Habsburg Army and Notably of its Officers
	Entanglements of International Tensions and Internal Conflicts, 1903–1914
	The Triggering Event – 28 June 1914
	Radicalization Through the Effects of the (new) War
	Military Criminal Law and Command Structures
	Mobile Warfare, Thrusts into Foreign Countries and ˋToils' of Occupation Regimes
	The Imbalance of Forces
	Ideas of Superiority
	Heterogeneous Societies
	Critical and Limiting Closing Remarks
Heiko Brendel: “Our land is small and it's pressed on all sides. Not one of us can live here peacefully.”
	Introduction
	Welcomed Liberators
	Language, Religion, and Territory in Austro-Hungarian Occupied Montenegro
	Montenegro's “Predatory” Socio-Economic Tradition
	The Emergence of Anti-Muslim Nationalism in Montenegro
	Nicholas's Muslim Subjects
	The Balkan Wars and the Acquisition of “New Montenegro”
	Under Austro-Hungarian Occupation
	Religions under Austro-Hungarian Occupation
	Justice and Education in Occupied Montenegro
	Emigration and Immigration under Austro-Hungarian Rule
	Conclusions
Serhiy Choliy: War as a Model of Population Movement in the Modern World: The Galician Perspectives in the First World War
	Historical Background: Galicia before World War I
	Historical Background: The Austro-Hungarian and Russian Claims Before World War I
	World War I Begins: The Austrian Activities During the First Phase of the War
	Mobilization: Everything for the Front
	Mobilization: To Preserve Law and Order
	The World War Goes on: The Russian Occupation of Galicia
	Pacification: Administration and Security
	Painful Retreat: Evacuation and Political Aims
	Conclusions
Konrad Zieliński: The Jews and the Bolsheviks
Peter Holquist: The Soviet Policy of De-cossackization During the Russian Civil War (1919)
	Decossackization: ˋLiquidating' the Cossackry
Bibliography
Contributors