The Evolution of Automotive Technology: A Handbook,2nd Ed.

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface
CHAPTER 1 The Evolution of Automotive Technology
	1.1. Introduction: Why This Book, and How?
	1.2. Structure and System
		Structure
		System
	1.3. A Quasi-Evolutionary Approach
		Incremental and Radical Change
		Normal Change
	1.4. The Dual Nature of Technology
		Substitution and Coexistence
		Taxonomies and Types
		Affordance
	1.5. One and a Quarter Century of Cars
	1.6. Conclusions
	References
PART I: STRUCTURE
	CHAPTER 2 The Engine: Mixture Formation
		2.1. Introduction: Finding the Car’s Basic Layout
			Panhard System and Front Wheel Drive
		2.2. Constructing a Taxonomy of Engines
			American versus European Car Culture: Elasticity and Torque Rise
			Torque and Power Curve
			Pluto Effect and Sailing Ship Effect
			Fuel Consumption Graph
		2.3. Making the Engine Work
		2.4. Carburation: Constructing the Mixture
			Carburation: Evaporation versus Atomization
			A Typical Early Automotive Engineer: Arthur Krebs
			Complexifying the Carburetor
			Constant Venturi versus Constant Vacuum Carburetors
			Carburetors versus Injection Systems
		2.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 3 The Engine: Ignition
		3.1. Introduction: Regulating the Engine from Its Industrial Application
			Flame versus Incandescent Ignition
		3.2. Robert Bosch and the Magneto Ignition
			A Second Typical Car Engineer: Robert Bosch
			Ignition Timing
		3.3. Charles Kettering and the Systemic Approach of Technical Problems
			A Typical American Car Engineer
			Kettering’s Starter-Generator as System
		3.4. Struggle of the Systems: Constructing Both a Winner and His Story
			Spark Plugs
			Magneto versus Battery Ignition
			Germany versus USA and the First World War
			Technical Competition and the Pluto Effect
			Constructing the Ignition “Story”
		3.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 4 The Drivetrain: How to Get the Energy from the Engine to the Wheels
		4.1. Introduction: Shaping the Drivetrain Configuration
			Pre-automotive Developments
			Translation and Transformation of Functions
		4.2. From Belts and Chains to Prop Shafts (and Belts and Chains)
			Belts
			Chains versus Prop Shafts
			Torque Tube versus Hotchkiss Drive
		4.3. The Clutch: Substitution and Coexistence
			Emergence of the Dry Single-Disc Clutch
			A Trend of Automation
		4.4. The Final Drive: A Feast of Gearwheel Designs
			Emergence of the Hypoid Pinion Drive
		4.5. Universal Joints, Front-Wheel Drive, and the Reconfiguration of the Drivetrain
			Jean Albert Grégoire
			Bendix-Weiss, Rzeppa, and Delta Joints
		4.6. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 5 The Drivetrain: Multiplying Energy, De-Multiplying Speed
		5.1. Introduction: Costs and Cheapness
		5.2. The Transmission: How to Circumvent Gear Shifting
			The Problem of Noise Production
			Early CVTs
		5.3. The Automatic Transmission: Diverging Car Cultures
			The “Transmissionless” Ideal
		5.4. Transmission Manufacturers and Automotive Production
			Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen and Borg-Warner
			European Refusal to Automate
			Manual versus Automatic
		5.5. Conclusions: Expectations and the Distant User
		References
	CHAPTER 6 The Chassis: Getting Around the Corner
		6.1. Introduction: Pre-Car Developments
			Wheels and Brakes
			Suspension
			Steering
		6.2. Constructing the Automotive Chassis
			Two Schools of Early Car Design
		6.3. Steering: Keep It Simple, Be Precise
			Rack-and-Pinion Steering
		6.4. Steering the Car, Theorizing Dynamic Behavior
			Oversteer and Understeer
			Scientification: Steering Error
		6.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 7 Wheel Suspension: Who Will Absorb the Shocks?
		7.1. Introduction: The Suspension as System
			Co-development
		7.2. How to Guide the Wheels? Big Problems, Many Solutions
			Independent Wheel Suspension
			Springs and Dampers
		7.3. Who Should Absorb the Shocks? Defining the Role of Tires
			Elastic Wheels and Balloon Tires
			Tread Profiles and Materials
			The Radial Revolution
		7.4. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 8 Stopping the Car: How to Generate and Distribute Braking Energy
		8.1. Introduction: Braking Levels Within the Car Structure
		8.2. The Braking System: How to Distribute Braking Energy over the Wheels
			Mechanical Brake Actuation
			Mechanical versus Hydraulic Brake Actuation
		8.3. Drums and Discs: Substitution and Coexistence
			Power Braking
			The Disc Brake Revolution, Interrupted
			Mechanical ABS
		8.4. Conclusions
		References
PART II: SYSTEM
	CHAPTER 9 Automation: Driver Deskilling and the “Electronic Revolution”
		9.1. Introduction: Trends in Automotive Technology
			Automation and Electronization
			Driving Skills
		9.2. Postwar Automation, an Electronic Revolution?
			Three Generations of Electronization
			The Failure of the Electronic Carburetor
			Siemens Automotive as Newcomer
			A Crisis of Electronization
		9.3. The Lay Motorist and the Navigation Revolution
			The Fourth Generation of Electronization
			Three Generations of Navigation Systems
		9.4. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 10 Safety: From Shell to Capsule to Cocoon, from Danger to Risk
		10.1. Introduction: Closing the Automotive Body
			From Open to Closed Bodies
		10.2. “Control the Lunatic!” The Hunt for the “Accident-Prone” Motorist
			The Choice in Favor of “Order”
			Road Accident Statistics
			Inventing the “Death Rate”
		10.3. Protecting the Motorists: Active and Passive Safety
			Safety Research
			Safety Legislation and Regulation
		10.4. Antilock Braking ABS
		10.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 11 Environment: Discovering the Other
		11.1. Introduction: Inventing the Environment
			Health Aspects of Early Automobilism
		11.2. Engineering Car Noise While Closing the Body: Liberating Vision from Sensual Interference
			Sound and Comfort Engineering
			Eliminate Sound to Enhance Vision
		11.3. The Diesel Car as Remedy: Car Cultures and the Perception of Technology
			A Crisis in Car Engineering
			Emission Regulation
			The Diesel Engine as Alternative
			The Social Construction of Car Technology
		11.4. Lean-Burn versus Catalyst: The Struggle for a Clean Car
			Lean Burn
			Technology Forcing and the Victory of the Catalyst
			The Catalyst as Part of a Standardized World System
			A European Turn-around, and an American
		11.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 12 Scientification: The Co-evolution of Engineering Knowledge
		12.1. Introduction: How Do Engineers Know?
		12.2. Rudolf Diesel: Failure or Success?
			Mimicking Carnot
			Trying to Develop an Automotive Diesel Engine
		12.3. Team Work in Laboratories: Scientification of Car Dynamics
			Wunibald Kamm and Car Dynamics
			Translating Aeronautics to Automotive Technology
			Charles Kettering and General Motors Research
			Engine Knock
			The Marketing of TEL
			Kettering and Science
			Research on Comfort
		12.4. Constructing the State of the Art: Conferences, Education, and Books
			The Importance of Expectations
			Handbooks
			Deep Trends
			FISITA
		12.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 13 Decarbonization: Searching for Radical Alternatives
		13.1. Introduction: The Importance of Expectations
		13.2. The End of Oil! In the Early 1920s!
			Alcohol as Alternative Fuel
			Developing Countries
		13.3. The Promise of the Electric Vehicle: A Perpetual Car of Tomorrow?
			The Failure of the First Generation
			The Successful Second Generation
			The Third Generation
			A Fourth Generation?
			The Hunt for the “Miracle Battery”
			The Hybrid as Transition Vehicle
		13.4. Conclusion
		References
	CHAPTER 14 Innovation: Production, Diffusion, Use
		14.1. Introduction: How to Construct Trends?
		14.2. Diffusion
			The Logistic Curve
			Spatial Diffusion
		14.3. Production
			Fordism and Taylorism versus Sloanism
			Toyotism
		14.4. Use
		14.5. Conclusions
		References
	CHAPTER 15 World Mobility: Shifting the Focus
		15.1. Introduction: The West and the Rest
		15.2. Road versus Rail: Clashing Mobility Cultures
			“Serious” versus Pleasurable Mobility
			A City Crisis
		15.3. Global Urban Mobility: The Case of the Rickshaw
			Mobility and Poverty
		15.4. Conclusion: The Rest and the West
			The Car as an Urban Problem
			Western versus Eastern Modal Splits
		References
	CHAPTER 16 Conclusions
		Persuasive Technologies
		Understanding the Evolution of the Car
		Interdisciplinarity
		The Super-Archetype of the Car
		The Pluto Effect, One Last Time
		References
Bibliography
Index
About the Author
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