The Ethics of Courage: Volume 1: From Greek Antiquity to the Middle Ages

Contents
1: The Roots of Courage
	Life, Power, and Truth
	The Origins of Courage
	Courage Throughout History
	Methodological Remarks
	Reference
2: Fearlessness and Fate in Ancient Greece
	Lion-hearted Heracles, Achilles, and Ulysses
	Women Without Fear: Euripides, Sophocles, and Aristophanes
		Euripides
		Sophocles
		Aristophanes
	References
3: Soldierly Courage and Wisdom
	The Invention of History: Herodotus and Thucydides
	Facts and Fables of World History: Diodorus of Sicily
	The Laws of Physis: From Hippocrates to Galen
	References
4: Wisdom Above Soldierly Courage
	The Unity and Rank-ordering of Virtue: Plato
	Education and Battles for Justice: Isocrates and Lysias
	Aristotle’s Happy Mean
	The Art of Persuasion: Demosthenes
	Physis, Polis, and Logos
	References
5: Wisdom as Courage
	Socrates Questioning
	Questioning Socrates
	References
6: The Courage of Natural Living
	The Wisdom of Simple Pleasures: Epicurus
	Freedom from Irrational Passions: Stoicism
	References
7: Courage, Wisdom, and Mysticism
	Ascending to the Divine: Pythagoreanism
	The All-Soul and the Divine Intellect: Porphyry and Plotinus
	Jewish Piety and Perfection of the Soul: Philo of Alexandria
	References
8: Fear and Love in Early Christianity
	Strength in Fear and Faith in the Holy Writ
	Fear of God and Fearless Martyrdom
	Gnostic Love and the Futility of Courage
	References
9: Living, Conquering, and Ruling
	Self-killing and Martyrdom: Clement of Rome and Athanasius
	Victorious Rulers and Soldiers of Christ
	Beyond Fear and Faith-based Courage
	References
10: Overtures to Reason and the Gift of Love
	Wavering Between Reason and Religion: Origen and Lactantius
	Virtue Received from God: Gregory of Nyssa and Augustine of Hippo
	References
11: Freedom and the Wisdom of Love and Fortitude
	Paradise and Fortitude of the Mind: Ambrose
	Conscience, Fear, and Love: John Cassian and John Chrysostom
	References
12: Courage in the Early Middle Ages and Islam
	Varieties of Courage in Gethsemane
	Courage in the Early Middle Ages
	Islam in Greek Garb: Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
	References
13: Crusading and Dying for Christ
	Fear and War: Bernard of Clairvaux and Ramon Llull
	Logic, Causality, and Metaphor: Bonaventure
	God, Courage, and the Common Good: Avicenna and Albert the Great
	References
14: Reason, Faith, and Charity
	Levels of Fear and Love: Peter Lombard
	Courage Perfected with Divine Love: Philip the Chancellor
	God, Reason, Justice, and Fortitude: Thomas Aquinas
	References
15: Intentionality and Powers of the Will
	Charity and Intentional Consent: Peter Abelard
	The Will Above All Else: Duns Scotus
		Fighting Off and Enduring What Needs to Be Fought and Endured
		The Mind Proposes, the Will Disposes
		The Body Predisposes, the Will Disposes
		Charity as the Highest Perfection of the Will
	Evil Can Be Willed: William of Ockham
	References
16: Challenging and Reforming the Church
	The Selfless Love of Catherine of Siena and Bridget of Sweden
	Predestination, Filial Fear, and the Unfaithful Church: John Wyclif
	Love Out of Faith and Fear: Martin Luther
	Fortitude Without Merit: Jean Calvin
	References
17: Custodians of the Earth
	Tribulation and Humble Faith: Thomas More
	Utopia and Life on Earth
	The Throne Shall Never be Empty
	References