The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History 3 Volumes

Cover......Page 1<br>Copyright......Page 5<br>About the Editors......Page 7<br>Contents......Page 10<br>List of Entries......Page 12<br>List of Documents......Page 20<br>List of Maps......Page 24<br>Preface......Page 26<br>General Maps......Page 28<br>Introduction......Page 34<br>Abril y Ostaló, Mariano......Page 40<br>Addams, Jane......Page 41<br>African American Soldiers......Page 43<br>Agoncillo, Felipe......Page 45<br>Aguadores, Battle of......Page 46<br>Aguinaldo y Famy, Emilio......Page 47<br>Aibonito Pass......Page 48<br>Alemán, José Braulio......Page 49<br>Alfonso XII, King of Spain......Page 50<br>Alfonso XIII, King of Spain......Page 51<br>Alger, Russell Alexander......Page 52<br>Allen, Charles Herbert......Page 53<br>Allianca Incident......Page 54<br>Almodóvar del Río, Duque de......Page 55<br>American Federation of Labor......Page 56<br>American National Red Cross......Page 57<br>Anderson, Edwin Alexander, Jr.......Page 59<br>Anti-Imperialist League......Page 60<br>Antilles......Page 62<br>Artillery......Page 63<br>Artists and Illustrators......Page 66<br>Asiatic Squadron......Page 68<br>Asomante Hills, Engagement at......Page 69<br>Astor, John Jacob, IV......Page 70<br>Atrocities......Page 71<br>Auñón y Villalón, Ramón......Page 73<br>Auxiliary Naval Vessels......Page 74<br>Bagley, Worth......Page 76<br>Balangiga Massacre......Page 77<br>Baldwin, Frank Dwight......Page 78<br>Baler, Philippines, Siege of......Page 79<br>Balfour, Arthur James......Page 80<br>Balloons, U.S. Signal Corps......Page 81<br>Bandholtz, Harry Hill......Page 82<br>Barbosa, José Celso......Page 83<br>Barton, Clara......Page 84<br>Bates, John Coalter......Page 85<br>Bates, Katherine Lee......Page 86<br>Bates Treaty......Page 87<br>Bayang, Battle of......Page 88<br>Bell, Alexander Graham......Page 89<br>Bell, James Franklin......Page 91<br>Benevolent Assimilation......Page 92<br>Bennett, James Gordon, Jr.......Page 93<br>Bermejo y Merelo, Segismundo......Page 94<br>Betancourt, Salvador Cisneros......Page 95<br>Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah......Page 96<br>Biak-na-Bato, Pact of......Page 97<br>Bigelow, Poultney......Page 98<br>Black Powder......Page 99<br>Blaine, James Gillespie......Page 100<br>Blanco y Erenas, Ramón......Page 101<br>Blue, Victor......Page 103<br>Bonifacio, Andrés......Page 104<br>Boxer Rebellion......Page 105<br>Breckinridge, Joseph Cabell......Page 108<br>Brooklyn, USS......Page 110<br>Brumby, Thomas Mason......Page 111<br>Bryan, William Jennings......Page 112<br>Bud Bagsak, Battle of......Page 113<br>Bud Dajo, Battle of......Page 114<br>Bud Dajo Campaign......Page 115<br>Buffalo Soldiers......Page 116<br>Bullard, Robert E. Lee......Page 117<br>Bülow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin Karl von......Page 118<br>Bundy, Omar......Page 119<br>Bustamante y Quevedi, Joaquín......Page 120<br>Cables and Cable-Cutting Operations......Page 122<br>Cailles, Juan......Page 123<br>Cámara y Libermoore, Manuel de la......Page 124<br>Cambon, Jules-Martin......Page 125<br>Camp Alger......Page 126<br>Camp Dewey......Page 127<br>Camp McCalla......Page 128<br>Camp Merriam and Camp Merritt......Page 129<br>Camp Thomas......Page 130<br>Camp Wood......Page 132<br>Camps, U.S. Army......Page 133<br>Cannon, Joseph Gurney......Page 135<br>Cánovas del Castillo y Vallejo, Antonio......Page 136<br>Cape Tunas......Page 137<br>Capron, Allyn Kissam, Jr.......Page 138<br>Caribbean Sea......Page 139<br>Carlists......Page 140<br>Carnegie, Andrew......Page 141<br>Caroline Islands......Page 142<br>Casualties......Page 143<br>Censorship......Page 145<br>Cervera y Topete, Pascual......Page 147<br>Céspedes y del Castillo, Carlos Manuel de......Page 148<br>Chadwick, French Ensor......Page 149<br>Chaffee, Adna Romanza, Sr.......Page 150<br>Chandler, William Eaton......Page 151<br>Chichester, Edward......Page 152<br>China......Page 153<br>China Market......Page 155<br>Christy, Howard Chandler......Page 156<br>Churches and the War......Page 157<br>Cienfuegos, Naval Engagements off......Page 158<br>Clark, Charles Edgar......Page 159<br>Clayton-Bulwer Treaty......Page 160<br>Cleveland, Stephen Grover......Page 161<br>Coaling Stations......Page 163<br>Coastal Defenses, U.S.......Page 164<br>Cohen, John Sanford......Page 166<br>Colonial Policies, U.S.......Page 167<br>Committee on the Philippines......Page 170<br>Competitor Incident......Page 171<br>Converse, George Albert......Page 172<br>Cook, Francis Augustus......Page 173<br>Corbin, Henry Clark......Page 174<br>Corregidor Island......Page 175<br>Cortelyou, George Bruce......Page 176<br>Cosio y Cisneros, Evangelina......Page 177<br>Cottas......Page 178<br>Coxey’s Army......Page 179<br>Crane, Stephen......Page 180<br>Creelman, James......Page 181<br>Crosby, Ernest Howard......Page 182<br>Crowninshield, Arent Schuyler......Page 183<br>Cuba......Page 184<br>Cuba, Spanish Colonial Policies toward......Page 186<br>Cuba, U.S. Naval Blockade of......Page 187<br>Cuba, U.S. Occupation of......Page 189<br>Cuba Campaign......Page 191<br>Cuba Libre......Page 193<br>Cuban Junta......Page 194<br>Cuban Provisional Assembly......Page 196<br>Cuban Revolutionary Army......Page 197<br>Cuban Revolutionary Government......Page 198<br>Cuban Revolutionary Party......Page 199<br>Cuban Sugar......Page 200<br>Cuban War of Independence......Page 202<br>Curaçao......Page 204<br>Cuzco Well, Battle of......Page 205<br>Daiquirí Beachhead, Cuba......Page 206<br>Davis, Cushman Kellogg......Page 207<br>Davis, Richard Harding......Page 208<br>Dawes, Charles Gates......Page 210<br>Day, William Rufus......Page 211<br>Debs, Eugene Victor......Page 212<br>Delcassé, Théophile......Page 213<br>Democratic Party......Page 214<br>Depression, Economic......Page 215<br>Dewey, George......Page 216<br>Diederichs, Ernst Otto von......Page 217<br>Dingley Tariff......Page 218<br>Dodge, Grenville Mellen......Page 219<br>Dodge Commission......Page 220<br>Dole, Sanford Ballard......Page 222<br>Dorst, Joseph Haddox......Page 223<br>Dunne, Finley Peter......Page 224<br>Dupuy de Lôme, Enrique......Page 225<br>Dupuy de Lôme–Canalejas Letter......Page 226<br>Dysentery......Page 227<br>Eagan, Charles Patrick......Page 230<br>East Asian Squadron......Page 231<br>Eastern Squadron......Page 232<br>Eberle, Edward Walter......Page 233<br>Economic Depression......Page 234<br>Edison, Thomas Alva......Page 236<br>VIII Corps......Page 237<br>El Caney, Battle of......Page 238<br>Election of 1900......Page 241<br>Embalmed Beef Scandal......Page 243<br>Ernst, Oswald Hubert......Page 245<br>Estrada Palma, Tomás......Page 246<br>Evans, Robley Dunglison......Page 247<br>Expansionism......Page 249<br>V Corps......Page 252<br>Fifty Million Dollar Bill......Page 253<br>Filipino Nationalist Army......Page 254<br>Filipino Revolutionary Movement......Page 256<br>Film......Page 258<br>I Corps......Page 260<br>Fiske, Bradley Allen......Page 261<br>Flagler, Daniel Webster......Page 262<br>Flying Squadron......Page 263<br>Food......Page 264<br>Fort San Antonio de Abad......Page 266<br>France......Page 267<br>Frick, Henry Clay......Page 269<br>Funston, Frederick......Page 270<br>García, Pantaleon T.......Page 272<br>Garretson, George Armstrong......Page 273<br>Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot......Page 274<br>Gatling Gun......Page 275<br>Gatling Gun Detachment, V Corps......Page 276<br>German East Asian Squadron......Page 277<br>Germany......Page 278<br>Ghost Squadron......Page 280<br>Gilded Age......Page 281<br>Goethals, George Washington......Page 283<br>Gómez y Báez, Máximo......Page 284<br>Gompers, Samuel......Page 286<br>Goodrich, Caspar Frederick......Page 287<br>Gorgas, William Crawford......Page 288<br>Gorman, Arthur Pue......Page 289<br>Gould, Jay......Page 290<br>Grant, Frederick Dent......Page 291<br>Gray, George......Page 292<br>Great Britain......Page 293<br>Great Britain, Policies and Reactions to the Spanish-American War......Page 295<br>Greely, Adolphus Washington......Page 297<br>Greene, Francis Vinton......Page 298<br>Gridley, Charles Vernon......Page 299<br>“Grito de Baire”......Page 300<br>Guánica, Puerto Rico......Page 301<br>Guantánamo, Battle of......Page 302<br>Guantánamo Bay Naval Base......Page 304<br>Guayama, Battle of......Page 305<br>Gunboat Operations, Philippine Islands......Page 306<br>Gussie, USS......Page 307<br>Hanna, Mark......Page 310<br>Havana, Cuba......Page 311<br>Hawaiian Islands......Page 313<br>Hawkins, Hamilton Smith......Page 314<br>Hay, John Milton......Page 315<br>Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty......Page 317<br>Hay-Pauncefote Treaty......Page 318<br>Hayes, Webb......Page 319<br>Hearst, William Randolph......Page 320<br>Hellings, Martin Luther......Page 321<br>Higginson, Francis John......Page 322<br>Hines, John Leonard......Page 323<br>Hoar, George Frisbie......Page 324<br>Hobart, Garret Augustus......Page 325<br>Hobson, Richmond Pearson......Page 326<br>Holguín, Cuba......Page 327<br>Homestead Steel Strike......Page 328<br>Hong Kong......Page 329<br>Hospital Corps......Page 330<br>Hubbard, Elbert......Page 332<br>Hull Bill......Page 334<br>Huntington, Robert Watkinson......Page 335<br>Ilustrados......Page 336<br>Immigration......Page 337<br>Immunes......Page 339<br>Imperialism......Page 340<br>Insular Affairs, Bureau of......Page 342<br>Insular Cases......Page 343<br>Isidro y Castañeda, Pio......Page 344<br>Japan......Page 346<br>Jingoism......Page 348<br>Journalism......Page 350<br>Katipunan......Page 352<br>Kettle Hill, Battle of......Page 353<br>Key West, Florida......Page 354<br>Kimball Plan......Page 355<br>Kipling, Rudyard......Page 356<br>Knights of Labor......Page 357<br>Labor Union Movement......Page 358<br>Ladrone Islands......Page 360<br>Lake Lanao Campaigns......Page 361<br>Lamberton, Benjamin Peffer......Page 362<br>Lamont, Daniel Scott......Page 363<br>Las Guásimas, Battle of......Page 364<br>Latin America, U.S. Policies toward......Page 366<br>Lawton, Henry Ware......Page 368<br>Lee, Fitzhugh......Page 370<br>Legacy of the War......Page 371<br>Liga Filipina......Page 375<br>Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii......Page 376<br>Linares y Pombo, Arsenio......Page 377<br>Lodge, Henry Cabot......Page 378<br>Long, John Davis......Page 379<br>Love, Alfred......Page 380<br>Luce, Stephen Bleeker......Page 381<br>Ludington, Marshall Independence......Page 382<br>Ludlow, William......Page 383<br>Lukban, Vicente......Page 384<br>Luna de St. Pedro, António Narciso......Page 385<br>Luzon......Page 386<br>Luzon Campaigns......Page 387<br>Maass, Clara Louise......Page 390<br>Mabini, Apolinario......Page 391<br>Macabebe Scouts......Page 392<br>MacArthur, Arthur......Page 393<br>Maceo Grajales, Antonio......Page 394<br>Machine Guns......Page 395<br>Mahan, Alfred Thayer......Page 397<br>Maine, USS......Page 398<br>Maine, USS, Inquiries into the Loss of......Page 400<br>Malolos, Philippines, Capture of......Page 401<br>Malolos Constitution......Page 403<br>Malvar, Miguel......Page 404<br>Mambises......Page 405<br>Manifest Destiny......Page 406<br>Manila......Page 408<br>Manila, First Battle of......Page 409<br>Manila, Second Battle of......Page 412<br>Manila Bay, Battle of......Page 414<br>María Cristina, Queen Regent of Spain......Page 416<br>Mariana Islands......Page 417<br>Mariel, Cuba......Page 418<br>Marinduque......Page 419<br>Martí y Pérez, José Julián......Page 420<br>Martínez de Campos, Arsenio......Page 421<br>Massiquisie, Battle of......Page 422<br>Matanzas, Cuba......Page 423<br>McCalla, Bowman Hendry......Page 424<br>McCoy, Frank Ross......Page 426<br>McKinley, William......Page 427<br>Medicine, Military......Page 429<br>Menocal, Mario García......Page 433<br>Merrimac, USS......Page 434<br>Merritt, Wesley......Page 436<br>Midway Island......Page 437<br>Miles, Nelson Appleton......Page 438<br>Miley, John David......Page 440<br>Military Intelligence......Page 441<br>Militia Act of 1903......Page 443<br>Mindanao......Page 444<br>Mines......Page 445<br>Missionaries......Page 447<br>Monroe Doctrine......Page 448<br>Montero Ríos, Eugenio......Page 449<br>Montgomery, USS......Page 450<br>Montojo y Pasarón, Patricio......Page 451<br>Moret y Prendergast, Segismundo......Page 452<br>Morgan, John Pierpont, Sr.......Page 453<br>Moro Campaigns......Page 454<br>Moro Province......Page 456<br>Moros......Page 458<br>Morro Heights......Page 459<br>Music......Page 460<br>National Guard, U.S.......Page 462<br>Naval Ordnance......Page 463<br>Naval Strategy, Spanish......Page 466<br>Naval Strategy, U.S.......Page 467<br>Naval Vessels, U.S. Auxiliary......Page 470<br>Naval War Board......Page 471<br>Naval War College......Page 472<br>Newcomb, Frank Hamilton......Page 473<br>Newspapers......Page 474<br>Nipe Bay......Page 476<br>North Atlantic Squadron......Page 477<br>Northern Patrol Squadron......Page 479<br>Nuevitas, Cuba......Page 480<br>O’Brien, John......Page 482<br>O’Donnell y Abréu, Carlos Manuel......Page 483<br>Olney, Richard......Page 484<br>O’Neill, William Owen......Page 485<br>Open Door Policy......Page 486<br>Oregon, USS......Page 487<br>Oregon, USS, Voyage of......Page 488<br>Origins of the War......Page 492<br>Ostend Manifesto......Page 495<br>Otis, Elwell Stephen......Page 496<br>Pacification Program, Philippine Islands......Page 498<br>Panama Canal......Page 500<br>Paris, Treaty of......Page 503<br>Paterno y Debera Ignacio, Pedro Alejandro......Page 504<br>Pauncefote, Julian......Page 505<br>Peace, Protocol of......Page 506<br>Peace Commission......Page 507<br>Peanut Club......Page 508<br>Penny Press......Page 509<br>Pershing, John Joseph......Page 511<br>Philanthropy......Page 512<br>Philip, John Woodward......Page 514<br>Philippine-American War......Page 515<br>Philippine-American War, U.S. Reaction to......Page 517<br>Philippine Commission......Page 519<br>Philippine Constabulary......Page 521<br>Philippine Expeditionary Force......Page 523<br>Philippine Islands......Page 525<br>Philippine Islands, Blockade of......Page 527<br>Philippine Islands, Spanish Colonial Policies toward......Page 528<br>Philippine Islands, U.S. Acquisition of......Page 529<br>Philippine Islands, U.S. Occupation of......Page 532<br>Philippine Republic, First......Page 534<br>Philippine Scouts......Page 536<br>Pilar, Gregorio del......Page 538<br>Plant Railroad and Steamship Company......Page 539<br>Platt, Orville Hitchcock......Page 541<br>Plüddemann, Max......Page 542<br>Political Cartoons......Page 543<br>Ponce, Puerto Rico......Page 544<br>Populist Party......Page 545<br>Powelson, Wilfred Van Nest......Page 547<br>Pratt, E. Spencer......Page 548<br>Proctor, Redfield......Page 549<br>Progressivism......Page 550<br>Propaganda......Page 552<br>Puerto Rico......Page 553<br>Puerto Rico Campaign......Page 555<br>Pulitzer, Joseph......Page 559<br>Pullman Strike......Page 560<br>Punta Gorda, Cuba......Page 561<br>Quesada y Aróstegui, Gonzalo de......Page 564<br>Racism......Page 566<br>Railroads......Page 567<br>Rations......Page 570<br>Raw Materials......Page 572<br>Reconcentrado System......Page 574<br>Reed, Thomas Brackett......Page 576<br>Reed, Walter......Page 577<br>Reid, Whitelaw......Page 578<br>“Remember the Maine”......Page 579<br>Remington, Frederic Sackrider......Page 580<br>Republican Party......Page 582<br>Rifles......Page 583<br>Rivera, Luis Muñoz......Page 584<br>Rizal, José......Page 585<br>Robber Barons......Page 586<br>Rockefeller, John Davison......Page 588<br>Rodgers, Raymond Perry......Page 589<br>Roosevelt, Theodore......Page 590<br>Roosevelt Corollary......Page 592<br>Root, Elihu......Page 593<br>Rough Riders......Page 595<br>Round-Robin Letter......Page 597<br>Rowan, Andrew Summers......Page 598<br>Rubín Homent, Antero......Page 599<br>Rusling, James Fowler......Page 600<br>Russo-Japanese War......Page 601<br>Safford, William Edwin......Page 604<br>Sagasta, Práxedes Mateo......Page 605<br>Samar Campaigns......Page 606<br>Samoa......Page 607<br>Sampson, William Thomas......Page 609<br>Sampson-Schley Controversy......Page 610<br>San Antonio, Texas......Page 611<br>San Juan, Puerto Rico, Naval Bombardment of......Page 612<br>Santiago de Cuba, Battle of......Page 613<br>Santiago de Cuba, Capitulation Agreement......Page 616<br>Santiago de Cuba, Occupation of......Page 617<br>Santiago de Cuba Land Campaign......Page 618<br>Schley, Winfield Scott......Page 621<br>Schofield, John McAllister......Page 622<br>Scovel, Henry Sylvester......Page 624<br>Shafter, William Rufus......Page 625<br>Sherman, John......Page 627<br>Shimonoseki, Treaty of......Page 628<br>Siboney, Cuba......Page 629<br>Signal 250......Page 630<br>Sigsbee, Charles Dwight......Page 631<br>Silver Standard......Page 632<br>Sims, William Sowden......Page 633<br>Sinclair, Upton......Page 634<br>Sino-Japanese War......Page 635<br>Slums......Page 637<br>Smallpox......Page 638<br>Smith, Jacob Hurd......Page 639<br>Smokeless Powder......Page 640<br>Socapa Point, Cuba......Page 641<br>Social Darwinism......Page 642<br>Social Gospel Movement......Page 644<br>Sousa, John Philip......Page 645<br>Spain......Page 646<br>Spain, Army......Page 648<br>Spain, Navy......Page 649<br>Spanish-American War, International Reaction to......Page 652<br>Spanish-American War, U.S. Financing of......Page 654<br>Spanish-American War, U.S. Public Reaction to......Page 655<br>Spencer, Herbert......Page 656<br>Spheres of Influence......Page 658<br>Steel......Page 660<br>Sternberg, George Miller......Page 662<br>Storey, Moorfield......Page 663<br>Strong, Josiah......Page 664<br>Subic Bay......Page 665<br>Sumner, Samuel Storrow......Page 666<br>Taft, William Howard......Page 668<br>Tampa, Florida......Page 670<br>Taussig, Edward David......Page 671<br>Taussig, Joseph Knefler......Page 672<br>Telephone and Telegraph......Page 673<br>Teller, Henry Moore......Page 676<br>Teller Amendment......Page 677<br>Ten Years’ War......Page 678<br>Thompson, John Taliaferro......Page 680<br>Tinio, Manuel......Page 681<br>Tirad Pass, Battle of......Page 682<br>Torpedo Boat Destroyers......Page 683<br>Torpedo Boats......Page 684<br>Torpedoes, Automotive......Page 686<br>Trusts......Page 687<br>Turbine Propulsion......Page 689<br>Turner, Frederick Jackson......Page 690<br>Twain, Mark......Page 691<br>Typewriter......Page 693<br>Typhoid Fever......Page 694<br>Uniforms......Page 698<br>United States......Page 699<br>United States Army......Page 702<br>United States Marine Corps......Page 704<br>United States Navy......Page 706<br>United States Revenue Cutter Service......Page 708<br>Upton, Emory......Page 710<br>Vara del Rey y Rubio, Joaquín......Page 712<br>Venezuela Crisis, First......Page 713<br>Venezuela Crisis, Second......Page 715<br>Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States......Page 716<br>Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom......Page 717<br>Virginius Affair......Page 718<br>Visayan Campaigns......Page 720<br>Wade, James Franklin......Page 722<br>Wagner, Arthur Lockwood......Page 723<br>Wainwright, Richard......Page 724<br>War Department, U.S.......Page 725<br>Warships......Page 727<br>Washington, Booker T.......Page 728<br>Watkins, Kathleen Blake......Page 730<br>Weyler y Nicolau, Valeriano......Page 731<br>Wheeler, Joseph......Page 733<br>White Man’s Burden......Page 734<br>Whitney, Henry Howard......Page 736<br>Wildman, Rounsevelle......Page 737<br>Wilhelm II, King of Prussia......Page 738<br>Wilson, James Harrison......Page 740<br>Wilson, James Moulder......Page 741<br>Wood, Leonard......Page 742<br>Woodford, Stewart Lyndon......Page 743<br>Xenophobia......Page 746<br>Yellow Fever......Page 748<br>Yellow Journalism......Page 750<br>Young, Samuel Baldwin Marks......Page 752<br>Zanjón, Pact of......Page 754<br>Zayas, Juan Alonso......Page 755<br>Zogbaum, Rufus Fairchild......Page 756<br>Country Profiles......Page 758<br>Chronology......Page 760<br>Glossary......Page 770<br>Selected Bibliography......Page 774<br>List of Editors and Contributors......Page 786<br>Categorical Index......Page 790<br>1. Monroe Doctrine, December 2, 1823 [Excerpt]......Page 796<br>2. Ostend Manifesto, 1854......Page 797<br>3. Herbert Spencer, “Progress: Its Law and Causes,” 1857......Page 800<br>4. Geneva Convention, 1864 [Excerpt]......Page 802<br>6. Harper’s Weekly, “The Spanish Butchery,” November 29, 1873......Page 805<br>8. Joe Hayden, “Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,” 1886......Page 807<br>9. José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere, 1887 [Excerpt]......Page 808<br>10. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890 [Excerpt]......Page 809<br>11. José Martí, “Our America,” 1891......Page 811<br>12. Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” 1893 [Excerpt]......Page 814<br>13. Pullman Strikers’ Statement, June 15, 1894......Page 815<br>15. Treaty of Shimonoseki, 1895......Page 817<br>16. William Jennings Bryan, “Cross of Gold” Speech, 1896......Page 820<br>18. Maurice Thompson, “For Cuba,” 1896......Page 824<br>19. Karl Decker, Account of the Rescue of Evangelina Cisneros, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 825<br>20. Ramón Blanco and Valeriano Weyler, Orders Regarding the Spanish Reconcentration System on Cuba, 1896 and 1898......Page 826<br>21. Fitzhugh Lee, Letter Regarding the Effects of Weyler’s Reconcentration Policy in Cuba, January 8, 1898......Page 827<br>22. Grover Flint, Description of Spanish Atrocities in Cuba, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 828<br>23. Richard Harding Davis, Description of the Spanish Treatment of Cuban Pacifists, 1897 [Excerpt]......Page 829<br>24. Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, Scandalous Letter to a Spanish Politician, December 1897......Page 831<br>25. Charles G. Dawes, Prewar Journal, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 833<br>26. Coffee Table Book Description of the “Spanish Character”, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 834<br>27. Series of Telegrams Regarding the Arrival and Destruction of USS Maine at Havana Harbor, January—February 1898......Page 835<br>28. Charles Sigsbee, Testimony to the Naval Court of Inquiry on the Destruction of the Maine, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 837<br>29. Official Spanish Report of the Destruction of the Maine, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 842<br>30. Richard Harding Davis, Argument for American Intervention in Cuba, 1897......Page 843<br>31. Clara Barton, Descriptions of Conditions in Cuba and Correspondence Concerning the American Red Cross in Cuba before the War......Page 845<br>32. Prewar Diplomatic Correspondence, April 1898......Page 848<br>34. William McKinley, War Message to Congress, 1898......Page 850<br>35. Diplomatic Correspondence and U.S. State Department Circular Regarding Privateering, April 1898......Page 852<br>36. William McKinley, Blockade Proclamation and Call for Volunteers, April 22–23, 1898......Page 853<br>37. Official Correspondence Severing U.S.–Spanish Diplomatic Relations, April 1898......Page 855<br>38. Spanish and American Declarations of War, April 23 and April 25, 1898......Page 858<br>39. William R. Day, Declaration of American Intent to Adhere to the Geneva Conventions, May 14, 1898......Page 860<br>40. Official Correspondence Regarding the Mobilization of the U.S. Army, May—June 1898......Page 861<br>41. Charles Johnson Post, Description of Army Enlistment, Excerpt Describing Enlisting in the Army, 1898......Page 862<br>42. Leon Barritt, Cartoon Critical of Hearst and Pulitzer, June 29, 1898......Page 863<br>43. John C. Hemment, Description of Meeting between Calixto García and William Randolph Hearst, 1898......Page 864<br>45. John C. Hemment, Observations on Theodore Roosevelt as a Commander, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 865<br>46. Theodore Roosevelt, Account of the 1st U.S. Cavalry at Santiago, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 866<br>47. John H. Parker, The Gatlings at Santiago, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 867<br>48. Charge of the 10th Cavalry Up San Juan (Kettle) Hill......Page 870<br>49. Frederic Remington, “How the Horses Died for Their Country at Santiago,” 1899......Page 871<br>50. Presley Holliday, Letter to the Editor on the Performance of Black Soldiers in Cuba, April 22, 1899......Page 872<br>51. John Bigelow Jr., Reminiscences of the Santiago Campaign, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 874<br>52. Charles Johnson Post, Account of the 71st New York Infantry at Kettle Hill, 1899......Page 875<br>53. Charles Johnson Post, Account of the 71st New York Infantry at San Juan Hill, 1899......Page 876<br>54. George R. Van De Water, Account of the 71st New York Infantry in the Santiago Campaign, 1927......Page 877<br>55. Embury P. Clark, Account of the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry in the Santiago Campaign, 1927......Page 878<br>56. James A. Moss, Account of the 25th U.S. Infantry in the Santiago Campaign, 1927......Page 879<br>57. John Black Atkins, British Account of the Action at San Juan, Cuba, 1899......Page 881<br>59. Jacob Kent, Official Report on the Santiago Campaign, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 882<br>60. William Shafter, Letter Critical of Calixto García and William Sampson, July 4, 1898......Page 883<br>61. Arsenio Linares, Telegram Reporting on the Santiago Campaign, July 12, 1898......Page 884<br>62. Terms of the Spanish Surrender of Santiago, July 16, 1898......Page 885<br>63. Calixto García, Letter to William R. Shafter, July 1898......Page 886<br>64. William Shafter, General Order No. 26, July 19, 1898......Page 887<br>66. William Shafter, Correspondence on Strained Relations with Calixto García, July 29, 1898......Page 888<br>67. Richard Harding Davis, Criticism of William Shafter at Santiago, 1898......Page 889<br>68. Stephen Crane, “Marines Signaling Under Fire at Guantánamo,” February 1899......Page 890<br>69. Stephen Crane, “Regulars Get No Glory,” July 1898......Page 893<br>70. Pascual Cervera, Prewar Naval Correspondence, 1898......Page 894<br>71. Richmond Pearson Hobson, The Sinking of the Merrimac, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 895<br>72. Anonymous U.S. Naval Officer’s Description of the Destruction of Pascual Cervera’s Fleet, 1898......Page 896<br>73. José Muller y Tejeiro, Account of the Naval Battle of Santiago de Cuba, 1899......Page 899<br>74. Finley Peter Dunne, “Mr. Dooley” on the Destruction of Pascual Cervera’s Fleet, 1898......Page 902<br>75. Pedro López de Castillo, Letter to American Soldiers, August 22, 1898......Page 903<br>76. Valery Havard, Description of the Medical Corps in the Santiago Campaign, 1927 [Excerpt]......Page 904<br>77. George Kennan, Description of Army Field Hospitals in Cuba, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 906<br>78. Clara Barton, On the American Red Cross in Cuba after the Santiago Campaign, 1912 [Excerpt]......Page 908<br>79. Curtis V. Hard, On American Yellow Fever Victims in Cuba, 1898......Page 910<br>80. Round-Robin Letter to William Shafter on Sickness among the Troops, August 1898......Page 911<br>81. Adna Chaffee, On the Health of the Army, 1898......Page 912<br>83. R. M. O’Reilly, Yellow Fever Commission Report, 1906 [Excerpt]......Page 914<br>84. Pleas for U.S. Military Deployment to Puerto Rico, July 1898......Page 918<br>85. Nelson Miles, Letters Reporting on the Puerto Rico Campaign, July— August, 1898......Page 919<br>86. George Dewey, Official Report of the Battle of Manila, May 4, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 920<br>87. Patricio Montojo, Description of the Battle of Manila, 1898......Page 921<br>88. Corwin P. Rees, “The Battle of Manila Bay,” 1898......Page 923<br>89. Account of the U.S. Takeover of Guam, 1898......Page 924<br>90. Duc d’Almodovar del Rio, Letter Suing for Peace, July 22, 1898......Page 925<br>91. John Hay, “Splendid Little War” Letter, July 27, 1898......Page 926<br>93. William McKinley, Address to the Dodge Commission, September 1898......Page 927<br>94. Nelson Miles, Testimony before the Dodge Commission, September 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 928<br>95. William McKinley, Instructions to the Peace Commission, September 16, 1898......Page 931<br>96. Whitelaw Reid, Account of the Meeting of the Peace Commissioners, September 16, 1898......Page 934<br>97. Andrew Carnegie, “Distant Possessions—The Parting of the Ways,” August 1898......Page 935<br>98. Albert J. Beveridge, “The March of the Flag,” 1898......Page 939<br>99. Queen Liliuokalani, Official Protest against Hawaiian Annexation, June 17, 1897......Page 940<br>101. Treaty of Paris, 1898......Page 942<br>103. Alfred T. Mahan, Lessons of the War with Spain, 1898 [Excerpt]......Page 946<br>104. Elbert Hubbard, “A Message to Garcia,” 1899......Page 947<br>106. Grant Squires, “Experiences of a War Censor,” March 1899......Page 950<br>107. Severo Gómez Nuñez, The Spanish-American War Blockades and Coast Defense, 1899 [Excerpt]......Page 955<br>108. C. W. Cordin, Letter Concerning the Treatment of Blacks in the American South, January 14, 1899......Page 958<br>109. Opinion of the Peace Commissioners on the Retention of the Philippines, October 25, 1898......Page 959<br>110. Finley Peter Dunne, “Mr. Dooley” on the Philippines, 1898......Page 961<br>111. William McKinley, “Benevolent Assimilation” Letter, December 21, 1898......Page 963<br>112. Emilio Aguinaldo, A Second Look at America, 1957 [Excerpt]......Page 964<br>113. Emilio Aguinaldo, Proclamation to the Philippine People, February 5, 1899......Page 965<br>114. African Methodist Episcopal Church, “The Negro should not enter the army,” May 1, 1899......Page 966<br>116. William McKinley, Basis of the Decision to Retain the Philippines, November 21, 1899......Page 967<br>117. Stephen Crane, “Do Not Weep, Maiden, For War is Kind,” 1899......Page 968<br>118. Platform of the American AntiImperialist League, 1899......Page 969<br>119. John Hay, Open Door Policy, 1899......Page 970<br>120. Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden,” 1899......Page 971<br>121. Albert J. Beveridge, “In Support of an American Empire” Speech, 1900......Page 972<br>122. William Jennings Bryan, “Paralyzing Influence of Imperialism” Speech, 1900 [Excerpt]......Page 978<br>123. Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, Letters Supporting England in the Boer War, February 2, 1900......Page 982<br>125. Michael H. Robinson Jr., Letter from a Black U.S. Soldier in the Philippines, March 17, 1900 [Excerpt]......Page 983<br>126. Translation of Boxer Poster, 1900......Page 984<br>127. Correspondence Regarding the Deployment of Troops from the Philippines to China, 1900......Page 985<br>129. Mark Twain, “Battle Hymn of the Republic (Brought Down to Date),” February 1901......Page 986<br>130. Boxer Protocol, 1901......Page 987<br>131. Platt Amendment, 1901......Page 990<br>132. Arthur MacArthur, Letter Reporting on Frederick Funston’s Capture of Emilio Aquinaldo, March 1901......Page 991<br>133. Manuel Quezon, On Meeting with the Captive Emilio Aguinaldo, 1901......Page 992<br>134. W. E. Ayer, Circular No. 6, December 1901......Page 994<br>135. Army Correspondence Calling for Court-martial of General Jacob Smith, April 1902......Page 996<br>137. “Damn, Damn, Damn the Filipinos”......Page 998<br>138. Philippine Treason Act, 1902......Page 999<br>139. Felix Adler, “The Philippine War: Two Ethical Questions,” June 1902......Page 1000<br>140. Congressional Hearings on the War in the Philippines, Views of Racial Differences, 1902 [Excerpt]......Page 1004<br>141. Congressional Hearings on the War in the Philippines, Report on Conflict between Civil Government and the Military, 1902 [E......Page 1005<br>142. Congressional Hearings on the War in the Philippines, Testimony regarding the Use of Torture, 1902 [Excerpt]......Page 1006<br>143. Congressional Hearings on the War in the Philippines, Use of Concentration Camps by the United States in the Philippines, 1......Page 1008<br>144. Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902......Page 1012<br>145. Panama Canal Convention, 1903......Page 1013<br>146. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 [Excerpt]......Page 1018<br>147. Peace of Portsmouth, 1905......Page 1019<br>148. Charles R. Skinner, Manual of Patriotism for Use in the Public Schools of New York, 1900 [Excerpt]......Page 1022<br>149. Mark Twain, Comment on the Moro Massacre, March 1906......Page 1024<br>151. Theodore Roosevelt, Annual Message to Congress, December 8, 1908 [Excerpt]......Page 1027<br>152. Japanese Treaty of Korean Annexation, August 22, 1910......Page 1029<br>153. Emory Upton, The Military Policy of the United States, 1912 [Excerpt]......Page 1031<br>Index......Page 1034<br>